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THE IDYLLS

THEOCRITUS, BION, AND MOSCHUS,

AND THE

WAft-SONGS OF TYKT^US.

£ itrrallij translator intn (Bnglisjj ^rnsi,

THE EEV. J. BANKS, M. A.

J. M. CHAPMAN, M. A.

LONDON :
HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEK

MDCCCLIII.

JOHN GUILDS AND SOX, BUNOAY.

Annex

CONTENTS.

PREFACE

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF THEOCRITUS
BION .

— MOSCHUS
. TYRTJEUS .

IDYLL

I. THYRSIS THE SHEPHERD, AND THE GOATHERD

II. THE SORCERESS ......

III. THE GOATHERD, OR AMARYLLIS, OR THE SERE-

NADER .......

iv. THE HERDSMEN; OR BATTUS AND CORYDON .

V. THE WAYFARERS, OR COMPOSERS OF PASTORALS

VI. THE SINGERS OF PASTORALS ....

VII. THE THALYSIA .......

VIII. THE SINGERS OF PASTORALS ...

IX. THE PASTOR, OR THE HERDSMEN ...

X. THE WORKMEN, OR REAPERS ...

XI. THE CYCLOPS .......

xii. AITES ........

XIII. HYLAS ........

XIV. THE LOVE OF CYNISCA, OR THYONICHUS .
XV. THE SYRACUSAN WOMEN ; OR, ADONIAZUS^E .

XVI. THE GRACES ; OR, HIERO ....

XVII. THE PRAISE OF PTOLEMY .....

XVIII. THE EPITHALAMIUM OF HELEN . . .

XIX. THE STEALER OF HONEY-COMBS . . .

XX. THE HERDSMAN ......

XXI. THE FISHERMEN ......

XXII. THE DIOSCURI ......

xxiii. THE LOVER; OR, LOVE-SICK ....

XXIV. THE LITTLE HERCULES .....

XXV. HERCULES THE LION-SLAYER, OR, THE WEALTH
OF AUGEAS .......

XXVI. THE BACCHANALS ......

XXVII. THE FOND DISCOURSE OF DAPHNIS AND THE
DAMSEL .......

Vll

xviii

xxi

PROSE.

VERSE.

205

209

215

217

219

225

226

231

234

235

238

240

241

244

247

253

256

260

102

262

103

263

106

264

110

266

122

273

125

275

132

279

144

287

146 288

iv CONTEXTS.

IDTLL

XXVIII. THE DISTAFF ....

XXIX. LOVES

XXX. THE DEATH OF ADONIS.

A FRAGMENT FROM THE BERENICE .
EPIGRAMS .....

of 33 ion.

I. THE EPITAPH OF ADONIS 166

II. EROS AND THE FOWLER .... 170

HI. THE TEACHER TAUGHT ..... 171

IV. THE POWER OF LOVE . . . . . 172

V. LIFE TO BE ENJOYED . . . . .173

VI. CLEODAMUS AND MYRSON .... 174

VII. ON HYACINTHUS 175

VIII. FRIENDSHIP ....... ib.

IX. -XIV. FRAGMENTS . ... . . . . 176

XV. THE EPITHALAMIUM OF ACHILLES AND DEIDAMIA 177

XVI. TO THE EVENING STAR 179

XVII. LOVE RESISTLESS ib.

I. LOVE A RUNAWAY 180

II. EUROPA 181

III. THE EPITAPH OF BION, A LOVING HERDSMAN

IV. MEGARA, THE WIFE OF HERCULES . . 194
V. THE CHOICE 199

VI. " LOVE THEM THAT LOVE YOU "... ib.

VII. ALPHEUS . 200

AN EPIGRAM . . . . ib.

FRAGMENT 201

THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRT.5US.. 325

PKEFACE.

Ix the following translation of Theocritus, Bion, and
Moschus, the text of Kiessling has been mainly adopted. But
where a passage appeared obscure or corrupt, the trans-
lator has used his own judgment in deciding between the
readings suggested by Heindorf, in 1810, Briggs, in 1821,
and Wordsworth, in 1844 ; and has either recorded in notes,
or admitted into the body of the translation, whichever he
deemed preferable. He has also had recourse to the Poeta?
Grosci Minores, of Gaisford ; to " Theocritus Sacram Scrip-
turam illustrans," by Chr. Porschberger, Lipsi*, 1744 ; and
to the several metrical translations of Theocritus, &c., by
Creech, Fawkes, Polwhele, and Chapman, the latter of which
is appended to this volume. And he has given, in the form
of notes, much information derived from these, and from
scattered criticisms in the Classical Museum and elsewhere,
including Smith's Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Anti-
quities, and Biography. This labour has been undertaken
and completed in the hope that it may be useful to those who
have not leisure to search for themselves, and yet would fain
refresh their memory with the sweet strains of the Doric min-
strelsy, as well as to those who require assistance towards
mastering these confessedly difficult poets.

VI PREFACE.

Whatever the labour, the translator is aware that the credit
attaching to a prose translation is by no means large. Yet
he believes that, properly applied, such a work may be of
great advantage : and though a resolute opponent of the in-
discriminate use of a " crib," he is not the less persuaded that
there are many hard-working tyros, as well as advanced
students, to whom it may be a great boon, and whose progress
in classical knowledge it will assist rather than impede. He
has taken up the work " con amore ; " inasmuch as the taste
for the Bucolic Poets, which he imbibed under one who had
a keen appreciation of their beauties, — and who, in his too
brief tenure of the head-mastership of one of our principal
schools, manifested singular felicity in inspiring his pupils
with a zest for their song, — has grown into an ardent desire to
do somewhat towards their more extended study. He rejoices
to hear that there is hope of a fresh edition of the Greek Bucolic
Poets from the University of Cambridge, the promise of
which is not likely to be imperfectly fulfilled, considering the
hand from which it is to come. Meanwhile, if through this
unpretending translation, which, without being servile in its
literality, is, the translator hopes, sufficiently close, a score more
men within the next two years shall be induced to place Theo-
critus on their list for the public examinations at Oxford, he
will not regret the labour bestowed upon rendering into bare
prose a bard whose lays are so full of poetry.

J. B.

Grammar School of King Edward VI.,
Ludlow.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE

THEOCRITUS,

B.C. 284— 280.

FOR the biography of the foremost of Bucolic minstrels, the
pastoral poet Theocritus, unfortunately few materials exist.
Indeed the little which is known is inferred either from the
actual poems of Theocritus himself, or from such as have
been published under his name. Of the latter class is the 22nd
epigram, from which we gather his parentage and birth-place,
and which is generally held to have been the work of Ar-
temidorus the grammarian. Evidently written with a view
to distinguishing between our poet and his Chian namesake,
an orator and sophist, it fixes for his native place Syracuse,
and for his parents Praxagoras and Philinna. With this
account Suidas substantially agrees, though he adds that
some make Theocritus the son of Simichus, or Simichidas, and
holds that, being originally a native of Cos, he had become a
mettech or foreign settler at Syracuse. Now if we compare
this notion with the Scholia on the 7th Idyll, vs. 21, (where it
is suggested by some that the name is an assumed one, derived
from aip.oQ, flat-nosed,) as well as with the QeoKptrov yivog, it
seems that a confusion has arisen with regard to the identity of
Theocritus with Simichidas, into whose mouth the 7th Idyll is
put. It does not seem to have occurred to those who make Simi-
chus the father of the Syracusan poet, that bards are wont to
shadow forth their own words, thoughts, and acts, under ficti-
tious names and unreal characters, and that Theocritus might
really have described what happened to himself in the "Thaly-
sia," and yet not have used the name of Simichidas, otherwise
than Virgil uses that of Tityrus. — Nor is there any reason to

Vlll BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE

suppose that the claims of Cos to the honour of his birth and
early craining rest on stronger grounds than that he studied
under Philetus of Cos, whom he mentions in Idyll vii. 40, whe-
ther at Cos itself or in Alexandria is not clear. Of Philetus,
and Asclepiades, of whom he speaks as TOV LaQ\ov SureX/Sav
TOV ec 2a//w, (Idyll vii. 40,) it is known that they were dis-
tinguished poets of the Alexandrian school, whom Theocritus
professedly admired, and of the former of whom he was pro-
bably a pupil.

There is internal evidence in the Idylls of the poet, that he
resided for some space at Alexandria, and afterwards at
Syracuse, whilst the 7th Idyll shows such a knowledge of
the localities of Cos, as could hardly, one should think,
have been obtained without a personal acquaintance with
the island. Here may have arisen his intimacy with Ni-
cias of Miletus, the physician to whom he dedicated the
llth and 13th Idylls, and to whose wife, Theugenis, he wrote
a pleasing ditty, (28th,) with a silver distaff'. But this is
mere conjecture, arising probably out of the nearness of Cos
to Miletus. To Alexandria Theocritus was no doubt at-
tracted by the fame of its library, founded by Ptolemy
Soter, and raised to its highest point of eminence by his son
Philadelphus, under whose care it became the resort of the
most distinguished literati of the day, Zenodotus, Callimachus,
Hegesias, Euclid, Aratus. To the last of these, the astro-
nomer and poet, who was the author of the Phenomena,
he addressed his 6th Idyll, and his name occurs again in the
Idyll following. Association with such a man would not be
without its advantages, and we here and there discover traces
of his having imbibed from his friend some acquaintance
with astronomical matters. But it was probably at Alex-
andria, too, that he found access to the pages of the Septua-
gint, itself a lasting monument of the Egyptian monarch's zeal
in the collection of literary treasures. No one can read the
16th, 18th, 20th, and 23rd Idylls without being struck by the
similarity of thought and expression of passages in each, to
portions of the Psalms of David, the Book of Job, the Song
of Solomon, and the Prophecies of Isaiah. The parallels have
been pointed out in the notes to the present translation : but
the strength of internal evidence to the supposition that Theo-
critus availed himself of the access, which he might undoubt-

OF THEOCRITUS. ix

edly have had, to the Septuagint, receives additional force in the
comparison of the whole scene of altercation between Pollux
and Amycus with the historical record of the encounter be-
tween David and Goliath in the First Book of Samuel. It can
hardly be doubted that Theocritus composed the 14th, 15th,
and 17th Idylls at Alexandria : he could not have enjoyed
even the passing favour and brief notice of Ptolemy Phila-
delphus, Avithout becoming interested in the law and records
of that strange race, the Jews of many wanderings ; one hun-
dred and twenty thousand of whom had been liberated by that
monarch from the slavery in which Ptolemy Soter had bound
them. Josephus (Antiq. xii. 2) writes at length respecting
the interest shown by Ptolemy Philadelphus in obtaining for
his vast library an accurate translation of the Books of the
Old Testament. We find from him how the monarch strove
to purchase the good will of the nation by sending splendid
gifts to the God of Israel : how he valued the translators
and their translations : and how he conversed with his
librarian, Demetrius Phalereus, on the deep meaning and
superior wisdom of the Jewish law. And we know enough
of the tide of fashion, especially if it is royal taste that lifts
the floodgate, which carries onward successful literature
of any class, to feel sure that a scholar could hardly have
tarried even for a brief space at Alexandria without inspect-
ing that volume, which even to heathens was a work of
wonder, fostered by reflecting credit upon one of the fore-
most of the then rulers of the world. A poet likewise, im-
bued, as was Theocritus, with a sense of the charm of natural
simplicity, and having withal, as some of his poems show, no
mean appreciation of the glorious epic, could never have been
content with a transient glance at a collection of such infinite
graces, simplicity, grandeur, natural colouring, and noble
imagery, as the translation of the Seventy elders, inferior
though it be in diction to the original. No ! like others, he
dipped often into that well of wisdom, albeit he knew not the
spell which renders it sweeter to the taste than all other
waters. Hovering around those sacred pages, he caught the
scent of flowers of poesy, which he has transferred into his
Idylls, and we have the gratification of an involuntary testi-
mony from a heathen poet to the charms of composition and
material, with which the sacred volume is so richly frauglit.

X BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE

Our taste will be wilfully dull, if it acknowledge not the
extreme probability that the Syracusan saw the Septuagint,
and there need be no stumbling-block in the argument that he
no where mentions the Jews. He dived for pearls of poesy,
leaving unexplored the buried treasures of history and reli-
gion. Without satisfactory data for any certain conclusion,
we can at least give the benefit of probabilities in favour of
our poet's acquaintance with the Septuagint. From this we
pass on to other matter.

Theocritus, while at Alexandria, was allowed, we presume,
to dedicate his 17th Idyll to Ptolemy Philadelphus ; and we
have reason to suppose that the 14th and 15th were com-
posed there also. But it is clear that he did not find the
monarch and his capital such kindly fosterers of his Muse
as he might have expected : for very soon we find him
hymning at Syracuse the praises (considerably qualified by
doubts of his open-handedness) of King Hiero the Second.
That monarch had ascended the throne B. c. 270 : and the
Idyll to which reference has been made, appears to have
been written during the 1st Punic War, if we may judge
from the allusion which he makes to the failing Carthagi-
nians, and Hiero's alliance with their implacable foe. This
would fix the date of the Idyll as 263 B. c. ; when a treaty
between Hiero and the Romans was concluded. But the
rays of courtly favour must have been here also any thing
but warm, the atmosphere chilly, when a poet was to be cher-
ished, or creative genius to be saved from starvation and blight.
Hiero's munificence was bestowed rather on kingdoms and
potentates, than on minstrels and their songs. Perhaps Theo-
critus discovered at this point the mistake of trusting in princes
for the advancement of poetic excellence : at any rate, the
greater portion of his Idylls show him to have sought in
the calm tranquillity of country life and pastoral scenery, that
independent self-reliance, which, after all, is the safest nurse
of the lovely rhyme. Though when he rises to heroics, as in
the encomiums on Ptolemy and Hiero, and in the 22nd, 24th,
and 25th Idylls, he fully sustains his reputation, and no where
falls into poverty of language, or mediocrity of conception ;
yet it is on the first eleven Idylls, the 14th, 15th, and 21st,
that his title to the fame, which has been universally ac-
corded to him, is most really and justly based. Bion and

OF THEOCRITUS. XI

Moschus are pretty conceit-weavers : they sometimes delight
us with passages unrivalled for warmth of colouring and ten-
derness of pathos : — but for simple rural life, accurately and
tastefully depicted, for the thorough appreciation of nature,
and reliance thereupon for the staple of his song, Theocritus
ranks immeasurably above them. He stands alone, with a
crowd of imitators at a wide interval of merit. Virgil's Ec-
logues have no inherent stamp of reality about them. We
lack the shepherd's account of his own life among his sheep.
There is more of polish than of nature. We have the cour-
tier drawing smooth pictures from fancy ; not the passion-
ate lover of the country deriving his materials from the real
landscapes on which he is actually looking out. To borrow
an apt expression, Virgil's Eclogues are pictures of a polished
mind playing at shepherd.

And as to our own pastoral writers, Spenser, Pope, Gay,
Lyttleton, and Shenstone, none reach to half the height of
Bucolic minstrelsy, to which their great model undeniably
attained. Spenser's dialect and metre are unfavourable to his
subject ; and he can lay no claim to be a true bard of nature ;
while it is matter of fact that beneath his rural images there is
an under-current of allusion to matters of religion. Who can
enjoy with true zest the pastoral, where the shepherd Roffin
symbolizes a bishop of Rochester, and the watch-dog Lowder,
one of his chaplains ? (See Shepherd's Calendar, Eel. ix.)
And as for Pope, whose pretensions rank next, his pastorals
deserve credit only because they were written by a boy of
sixteen ; it were an insult to compare them with the mature
productions of Theocritus. For smoothness of versification,
they have indeed won praise from Macaulay and the Earl of
Carlisle; but these two most capable judges assign to them
no higher meed. Indeed, had Pope's pastorals alone survived
their author, we may well question whether his name would
have even been remembered. As for the rest, they claim
still less right to tread the same ground, to rank in the same
order with Theocritus, in that portion of the temple of fame
which good taste will always assign to the Pastoral or Bu-
colic poets.

Coarse though the Syracusan bard be here and there, he is
indeed, as Quinctilian calls him, " admirabilis in suo genere,"
nor is it any detraction from his well-won laurels that the

b 2

Xll BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE

same critic goes on to say, " sed musa ilia rustica et pastoralis
non forum modo, verum ipsam etiam urbem reformidat." (Inst.
Orator, x. 1.) It must be borne in mind, when we stumble
on grave objections against the poems of Theocritus, that his
idea of simplicity is not a transcendental, but a natural one.
He has no model Arcadia in view : his eye is all the while
upon the woods and vales and river pastures of his native
Sicily ; taking his shepherds as he found them there, mak-
ing them speak what they did speak, not what they ought to
have spoken. There are blemishes to his Idylls, which cer-
tainly render an expurgated edition of them a desideratum :
but these affect more or less all the chief writers of antiquity.
The question however which is just now dividing the educa-
tional world of France, seems to us to admit of but one solu-
tion. What is true of most of the Greek and Latin Classics,
is of course true of Theocritus, as one of them. We cannot
forego the charms of the whole, because our delicacy is of-
fended, our purity shocked, by one or two Idylls, which, while
they illustrate the darkest traits in the life of a heathen, only
make us the more thankful that Christianity has at least gone
far to banish one of the worst forms of human guilt and
degradation. But upon the whole, the poems of Theocritus,
without aiming at any deep moral lesson, are eminently calcu-
lated to nourish in us a growth of that keen taste for rural
scenery, which is one of the purest and finest of earthly yearn-
ings : whilst in liveliness, variety, and rhythm they certainly
surpass anything of their kind, ancient or modern. And this
must have arisen from the familiarity in which, we infer, The-
ocritus passed his latter years with rural scenes and characters.
It is seldom that we have no notice, at any rate no tradition,
respecting the death of the poets of the ancient world. Of
Hesiod, Simonides, JEschylus, Sophocles, Callimachus, Apol-
lonius, Rhodius, (and these are but a few names taken hap-ha-
zard,) we find some story at least, vague though it be, of their
death or their burial-place. But Theocritus seems to have
vanished from before the eyes of men, after he had lamented
at Syracuse the small account in which bards of his day were
held of tyrants. May he not have ended his days unnoticed
in some quiet spot, to rise long after into fame by his depic-
tion of it, while his bones lay sepulchred on one of the head-
lands which he puts before us so vividly ? Did he not fall

OF THEOCRITUS. Xlll

asleep afar from the din of cities, bewept, like his fabled
Daphnis, by universal nature ? Ovid, we can hardly doubt,
was in his Ibis confusing the poet with his Chian namesake,
where he says,

Utque Syracosio prEcstricta fauce poetfe

Sic animje laqueo sit via clausa tibi. Lib. in Ibim, 5f>4.

In a note upon this passage in the Delphin edition, it is ob-
served, that the old interpreters understood this to mean that
Theocritus was hung by the son of Hiero, king of Sicily,
on account of his invectives against him. But this only
proves the fear of him, who wrote the epigram before alluded
to, as distinguishing the name-sakes of Syracuse and Chios, to
have been a well-grounded fear. Ovid, if, by the Syracusan
poet, he means Theocritus, seems to have stumbled on the
rock of which that epigram might have warned him. The
fate of the Chian seems to have been transferred in his mind
to the Syracusan, as will be seen by the following extract from
Macrobius, Saturnalia, lib. vii. c. 3.

" King Antigonus put to death the Chian Theocritus, al-
though lie was bound by an oath to spare him, on account of
an unfortunate joke of that individual at his expense. For
when he was being dragged before Antigonus as if to receive
punishment, and his friends were comforting him, and afford-
ing hopes ' that he would experience the royal clemency,
when once he had come before the eyes of the king ; Then,'
observed he, 'the hope you hold out of safety is a vain one.'
For the king had lost one eye. So the ill-timed witticism
cost the prisoner his life."

Now if we thus clear away this very apparent confusion
between the two, we have no account of the death of the
pastoral poet ; no, nor the vaguest allusion to it. But the works
which survive him are evidence that lie has not all died :
while taste survives, he must hold undisputed supremacy in
his own branch of the poetic art.

Of the origin and nature of that species of poetry which
dates its ascendency from Theocritus, there is little which
has not been said again and again. The student who
desires to arrive at the results of older lucubrations on this
subject, must wade through subtle distinctions and learned
disquisitions respecting pastoral and heroic poetry. He will

XIV BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE

find that the birth-place of the former is contended by some
to have been Sicily, by others Arcadia. And while one and
another ascribe its first authorship to various poets of more
or less historical periods, some have been fain to date it from
the golden age. Now, when we gain experience of the diffi-
culties which arise in reconciling so many and diverse state-
ments, and find that the more effort we make, the further we
drift into a sea of troubles, our natural inclination coincides
with some sort of likelihood, which is in favour of that last
opinion. The truth may be that some kind of pastoral was
the first form of poetry. What more natural, when we reflect
that the eldest of the human race reckoned their superiority
by their flocks and herds. Men were all shepherds : and
so little of shame was there connected with an occupation
now so lowly, that no higher or more expressive title for a
mighty ruler was sought than that of " shepherd of his
peoples." Of course, under these circumstances, the pastoral
was likely to be an early form of poetry, and withal one
not likely to be despised. Indeed, among those who practised
it at an early date were Moses and Miriam, Deborah and
Barak, as well as the sweet Psalmist of Israel.

When therefore we discuss the age of its invention, we can
but say that it was of every age. The first up-rising of it was,
we may conclude, in that primaeval condition of men, when
the system of concentration into towns and fenced cities had
not yet begun : but when men led a nomad life, and whiled
their hours afield by alternate strains, whilst they were pastur-
ing their flocks. It was the song of nature, little polished per-
haps, but still not without its inspiration, because it flowed
directly from the shrines of her, whom he that worships most
is ever the truest and most accepted poet. The rustling of
the trees, the vocal pine, the murmurings of rivulets, the very
notes of birds, were so many of nature's hints to man to create
for himself a harmony more excellent in proportion as the
gift of speech excels all inarticulate sounds. And when we
add to this the influence of a sunny sky, a genial atmosphere,
a mind unruffled with the cares and sins which harass and
pollute the life of crowded cities, the wonder would be if
song had not arisen ; and that song, in common gratitude, of
such a kind as should depict and hold up to imitation the
life which was so singularly blessed. Gratitude, too, led

OF THEOCRITUS. XV

them no doubt to celebrate the festivals of their gods, the
tutelar deities of light and shade, of cattle and of fruits —
Apollo, Diana, Pan, and Ceres. Prizes offered for such strains
at these holy seasons would kindle a rivalry promotive of
advancement, and render easier the steps by which they should
pass into an art. This is probably the key to the mythical
ascription of pastoral poetry to Apollo Nomius, the herds-
man whilome in the halls of Admetus. Diomus, Daphnis,
and Stesichorus, all of them Sicilian, may have been its first
promoters upon Dorian soil ; and as Theocritus seems to have
been the first who applied a highly cultivated mind to the task
of infusing into Amteboean strains the grace and beauty which
he has wrought into his Idylls, his country Sicily stands justly
foremost as the birth-place of Bucolic minstrelsy. The Dorian
character, too, was apter than that of other races to this kind
of poetry : mimetic art had its eminent representative in the
Sicilian Sophron : and among them mimetic and comic dia-
logue, as well as pastoral, arose in some measure out of the
unstudied repartees of the Lydiastae and Bucolistae, or of some
such performers. These gave a basis, whereon the more
studied Idyll might take its stand, and the great master of
whom we are treating, was not slow to apply all his varied
knowledge of nature and of art to this lively form of poetry,
so calculated to keep the interest from flagging, the hearer or
reader from becoming wearied. He first moulded these rude
strains into grace and beauty. He smoothed the ruggednesses
of verse. He inspired the picture with novel life ; and, whilst
he preserved the guise of nature throughout, evinced that
master power which is most teeming with the perfection of
art, when its creations look likest nature.

It remains that we should attempt a classification of the
various poems of Theocritus which have come down to us.
The arguments to each of these have been prefixed in the
body of the translation. Of the thirty Idylls extant, ten are
properly Bucolics, the 1st, the 3rd, and all up to the 12th.
The 2nd Idyll can scarcely come under this head, though the
wider term e'idr], or etc)vXXia, pictures, that is, of common every-
day life, may embrace that as well as the 14th, 15th, the
21st, and perhaps some others. Some, however, claim the
2nd and 15th for a separate class under the head of mimetic
Idylls. The 12th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 23rd, 27th, and 29th,

XVI BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE

are erotic: the 16th and 17th, encomiastic: the 22nd, 24th,
25th, and 26th, belong to the epic class ; whilst the 28th is
epistolary, and the 30th Anacreontic. Of those classed as
erotic, the manner and form is various, as the reader will ob-
serve. The genuineness of all the Idylls after the 18th has
been much questioned : this however is not a matter either
likely to repay great research, or calculated to interest the
general reader. They are for the most part in hexameter
verse : the thirty-two epigrams are some of them elegiac,
some epodic.

It is difficult to fix upon one beauty beyond another in these
matchless pastorals, by singling out which one may send
the uninitiated reader with a whetted appetite to the whole
volume. A thousand charms of poesy press forward, each
claiming foremost commemoration. In the first Idyll we
linger long over the sorrows of Daphnis, which Virgil has
transfused into his Eclogues, over the immortal lines (66 —
69) which have lost none of their pristine sweetness, when,
having passed the ordeal of transplantation, they bloom anew
in the Lycidas of Milton, (Lycidas, 1. 50,)

" Where were ye, nymphs, when the remorseless deep," &c. ;

or yet again in the same Idyll, over that (to the translator's
taste at least) most enviable epitaph, (140, 141,)

X kafyviQ efia poov ticXvoe Siva
rbv Mwiraif <j>i\ov avdpa, rbv ov Nvfj,$ai<nv airi^Gi).

In the second Idyll, we view the fierceness of disappointed
love, in the raging passion of Simsetha : in the sixth, a more
rustic and clownish, yet not less touching, hopelessness, at-
tributed to the Cyclops in the song of Damaetas. Or if
pretty pictu rings of scenery are more the object of our search,
what translation can do justice to the 13th Idyll, the Hylas,
the charming rural scene in the end of the 7th, or the 25th
Idyll from the 34th to the 50th line ? There are passages in
the Hylas unsurpassed by any poet of whatever age or clime ;
as, for instance, from the 35th to the 60th line, where the
capture of the youth by the enamoured Naiads is depicted.
The Gossips of Theocritus are such a life-like picture, so
capitally drawn, that it were a work of supererogation to
point it out, or to commend it. It is nature itself, not as it
was seen in Sicily, or in Alexandria, but as it ever has been

OF TILEOCK1TUS. XV11

throughout the world. The Epithalamium of Helen (18th)
and the Infant Hercules (24th) are excellent in their kinds ;
and the Honey-stealer (19th) won the notice and translating
hand of the poet Moore, by its Anacreontic savour. And
by no means must any reader pass by the fishermen of the
21st Idyll. Their wattled cabin is an old favourite of
every lover of Theocritus : and there is untold humour in
Asphalion's dream, and his sage comrade's advice thereupon.
But it is invidious to mention these. The beauties uncom-
memorated may with ease be proved to eclipse the few which
we have instanced. The touch of Theocritus left no subject
without some impress of native grace and liveliness. " Nihil,
quod tetigit, non ornavit."

Of the Epigrams, the 6th, " on the loss of the kid," the 14th,
an epitaph on Eurymedon, and the 1 5th, another on the same,
are very beautiful. The Epigram on the Bank of Caicus, (23rd, )
might fitly stand translated over the doors of the safest estab-
lishments of a like nature in modern days ; whilst, on the
principle of keeping the best till last, AVC are bound to set
before all, as praise the noblest in the aim, the most glorious
in the acquisition, the conclusion of the Epigram on the Sici-
lian Epicharmus (Epigr. xvii.) :

TroXXa yap TTOT' TO.V £oai< TOIS iraitriv ilvt \pi'i<rifj.a.
McydXa )£<ipts auTta'

Full many a rule of life he drew,
Still pointing to the fair, the true,
The youthful mind : High favour crowns the bard. (Polwhele.)

BION

IF materials are scanty for a Life of Theocritus, they are
much more so for those of his first imitators, Bion and Moschus.
An Elegy of the latter is the only faint glimmer of light,
by which we can guess at, we cannot say discern, aught of
history of the former. Yet it would interest us if we could
know how far Bion professedly reverenced Theocritus, what
value he set upon simplicity in Pastorals, whether he aimed at
a new school of that branch of the poetic art, and whether he
would account as an improvement that over-refined sentiment-
ality which robs his Muse of all claim to be a child of nature.

But, except the 3rd Idyll of Moschus, no data for his life
exist — unless we take upon the authority of Suidas that he
was born beside that river, which by tradition is reputed to
have reared on its banks the greatest of poets, the immortal
Homer, the river Meles, at Phlossa in the neighbourhood of
Smyrna.

From the Elegy above referred to, we assume that Bion
left his native country for Sicily, and spent at least his latter
days in cultivating the Bucolic minstrelsy, so thoroughly
identified with that pastoral isle. It seems hardly safe how-
ever to lay it down, with some, on the faith of the words
in Moschus, (Id. iii. 17, &c.,) that Bion visited Thrace and
Macedonia ; because the sense of the passage does not neces-
sarily imply more than that Strymonian swans and vEagrian
nymphs might well mourn and weep afresh, since a Dorian,
equal to their native Orpheus, had ceased to breathe forth
his lovely lays. One fact, however, stands out distinctly,
namely, that the poet came to an untimely death by poison,

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF BION. xix

which was administered to him by more than one individual,
and that the murderers, whosoever they were, paid the penalty
of their crime. The age of Bion can be determined only by
the statement of Moschus, (iii. 100 — 105,) that he was one
of his disciples, and that Theocritus mourned his loss. Grant -
ing this, we must take his date as 280 B. c.

As has been before observed in the Life of Theocritus, the
poems of Bion which have come down to us are vastly inferior
in pastoral beauty, in natural simplicity, and inherent truthful-
ness, to the works of the Syracusan master. But here and
there we chance upon a passage of eminent loveliness. Every
where the Asiatic softness seems to add luxurious grace to his
tuneful songs ; though this is but a poor substitute for the
vigorous and healthy freshness of the Father of Pastorals. Bion
standing alone would soon fade from our memories. He is
fortunate in being preserved with his pupil and elegiast to
complete the volume of Greek Pastoral Poets, which is, alas !
our sole legacy in this kind from the Alexandrian school.
His versification is very elegant ; his language, Doric, with
some few lonicisms and Atticisms.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE

MOSCHUS.

THE poet Moschus seems to have found no kindred spirit
to embalm his memory in harmonious numbers : or if he
had that fortune, it has not survived the oblivion which so
remorselessly overwhelms the rest of his personal history.
We reckon him a Syracusan, whose day was about the close
of the third century before Christ. And he must have been con-
temporaneous with Bion, probably in age somewhat younger.
He does not reach the excellence of his friend and teacher,
far less that of Theocritus. Indeed there lies over all his
pieces a clothing of affectation, and study of ornament, which
makes them read as forced and unnatural compositions. Still
many passages might be quoted which are highly poetic, none
more so perhaps than that exquisite passage in the third Idyll,
(105 — 114,) where, in a lament over the briefness of this mor-
tal life, the mighty of the earth are contrasted with the flowers
of the field in such an earnest tone of pathos, as shows the
enlightened heathen dissatisfied with prevailing religions,
whilst it teaches our own higher privileges, to us who have,
held out and within our grasp, " the sure and certain hope of
the resurrection to eternal life."

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE

TYETJ1US.

B. c. 660 ?

THE elegiac poet, Tyrtteus, whose remains, in an English
garb, close the present volume, follows immediately in his
branch of the poetic art, the founder of Greek elegy, Callinus.
An elegy, according to the Greek notion, is a poem composed
of a combination of hexameters and pentameters. It seems
often to have been of the nature of a dirge or lament, and the
word e'Xtyoc has no distinct reference to metrical form, though
£\£-yda has. Its origin was undoubtedly Asiatic. Crossing the
JEgean, it found one of its most eminent cultivators in Tyr-
taeus, the poet whom tradition has handed down to us as the
Athenian present to their hereditary enemies the Spartans,
when they had been directed by the Delphic oracle to seek a
leader from Athens for the second Messenian war. The
story runs, that Athens, never hearty towards Sparta, save in
her hatred, sent her the worst selection that, according to ap-
pearances, could be made, — a lame schoolmaster and composer
of verses, who dwelt at Aphidnee, a village of Attica : and
that this Ionian inspired the Dorian warriors who adopted
him, with such spirit through his fiery strains, that victory
crowned their prowess. The second Messenian war is placed
by Pausanias between Ol. 23, 4 and 28, 1, that is, between
B. c. 685 and 668 : but this date is considered by the latest
authorities too high, and indeed, as Callinus probably flour-
ished about B. c. 660, and we are led to believe that Tyrteeus

XX11 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE

was but a few years junior to him, this would seem to be the
more probable date.

The main features of the popular tradition, however pleas-
ing to our school-day notions of history, must of course be
taken only as containing the germ of certain truths, and not
as being themselves broad historical truths. Castor and Pol-
lux, according to old legends, had been adopted by Aphidnus,
the hero from whom Aphidnse was named : and as the Dios-
curi were Spartan, the Aphidnaeans may have been moved
by some feelings or ties of kindred, and not by the will of
Athens, to send Tyrtasus to the aid of Laconia. This would
crush the fable of intentional insult on the part of Athens.
And then as to the origin of Tyrtceus, it cannot be doubted
that he was of Ionian stcck, (whether a native of Attica, or a
settler in it from one of her Asiatic colonies, as Suidas states,
it matters not, for the inventions of the colonies would soon
find their Avay to their polished metropolis :) because we
know that the branch of poetry in which he excelled was pe-
culiarly Ionian ; and not such as can claim any early vigour
or native success among the Dorians. Whether he came from
Miletus to Aphidnaa, or was born at the latter place, we need
not inquire ; there is no ground at any rate for the supposi-
tion that he was a Lacedaemonian by birth, as Strabo and
Athengeus have stated on the authority of Philochorus and
Callisthenes. Surely his elegiac strains disprove this. With
regard to his lameness, and his supposed office of village school-
master at Aphidnaa, the truth to be evolved from these state-
ments is probably that he wrote uneven couplets, and, like
other early poets, taught the art, of which he was so skilful a
master. If he was either by birth or by sojourn an Aphid-
naean, there is no wonder in his interest for Sparta, nor, on the
other hand, any difficulty in understanding why, coming from
Attica, he yet became a favourite with the Lacedaemonians.
And, certain it is, that whatever may have been his bodily defects,
whatever his inexperience in generalship, his martial strains
and wise counsels achieved much, in which a skilful general
might have failed without them. As a bard, he was no mean
leader of his adopted countrymen : for ages afterwards, their
evening meal on their campaigns closed with the recitation of
his spirit-stirring war-songs : and when the foe was vanquish-

OF TYRT^EUS. XX111

ed, and the spoil divided, he it was, who, in that office of sage
counsellor, which of old so often went hand in hand with the
gift of song, was enabled to smooth those internal differences
which arose among the victors, and to dispose the minds
of contending brethren to consider the blessing of tranquillity
and order. To this end he composed his " Eunomia," an elegy
on good government, of which a portion remains to us in the
10th fragment in the present translation. MUller (Literature
of Ancient Greece, p. Ill) has given us a sketch of the man-
ner in which Tyrtseus dealt probably with the subject : discou-
raging anarchy ; picturing the charms of good government ;
upholding law, and warning those whom he addressed that
on Spartan courage and Spartan unity would depend the
maintenance of their territorial possessions, and the present and
future weal of their state. Sparta, says the fragment, is the
care of the immortals, Zeus himself having given the country
to the Heracleids, and power having been divided most justly,
by the advice of the Pythian god, among the kings, the Geru-
sia, and the commons in their popular assembly. But, no doubt,
his fame rests on his war-songs, to which Horace has alluded
in his Ars Poet. 402,

Tyrtseusque mares animos in Martia bella
Versibus exacuit.

These, whether elegiac, or, as the marching songs were, ana-
paBStic in measure, brought victory to Sparta, and estimation
to himself. These entitle him to rank pre-eminently high
among those minstrel spirits, whose hest it has been to spur
a nation to deeds of valour, and to celebrate its conquests.
The edition of Tyrtoeus which has been mainly used for this
translation, that of Klotz, Altenb. 1767, 8vo, contains a learned
dissertation on the war-songs of various countries, amongst
which is included one which deserves to be pointed out, as
worthy of comparison with Tyrtasus, or any other poet of war-
like strains, The death-song of the Danish sea-king, Regner
Lodbrog, known to us by the prose translation of it in the
English version of Mallet's Northern Antiquities, and ren-
dered into spirited verse by an anonymous contributor (S. M.)
to a vol. of translations of German Ballads, Songs, &c., pub-
lished by James Burns, London, some years ago.

XXIV BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF TYRT^EUS.

The edition of Klotz contains some very valuable notes on
the various fragments, a selection of which has been given in
the present volume. The metrical version is that of Pol-
whele, as published with his verse translation of Theocritus,
Bion, and Moschus.

J. B.

NATION OF THEOCRITUS.

the field and fold,
Pan's pipe was thine, —
ic happier age of gold!

scent of new-turned mould,
:, and the murmuring pine,
the field and fold!

. the simple feasts of old, —
bowl made glad with wine. . .
he happier age of gold!

the rustic loves be told, —
the tuneful reeds combine,
the field and fold!

thee, ever laughing, rolled
md blue Sicilian brine. . .
he happier age of gold!

songs are faint and cold, —
n suns too sadly shine;

the field and fold,
.he happier age of goldl

XXIV BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF TY

The edition of Klotz contains some ver
the various fragments, a selection of whicl
the present volume. The metrical versi
whole, as published with his verse transla
Bion, and Moschus.

••

FOR A TRANSLATION OF THEOCRITUS

O SINGER of the field and fold,
Theocritus ! Pan's pipe was thine, —
Thine was the happier age of gold!

For thee the scent of new-turned mould,
The bee-hive, and the murmuring pine,
O singer of the field and fold !

Thou sang'st the simple feasts of old, —
The beechen bowl made glad with wine. . .
Thine was the happier age of gold!

Thou bad'st the rustic loves be told, —
Thou bad'st the tuneful reeds combine,
O singer of the field and fold !

And round thee, ever laughing, rolled
The blithe and blue Sicilian brine. . .
Thine was the happier age of gold!

To-day our songs are faint and cold, —
Our northern suns too sadly shine;
O singer of the field and fold,
Thine was the happier age of goldl

could recognize him long alter by again
smelling his hand, or even his glove, if he
had just taken it off; and if, of half a dozen
strangers each one should throw his glove
into a hat, she would take one, smell it,
then smell the hand of each person, and
unerringly assign each glove to its owner.
She would pick out the gloves of a brother
and sister by the similarity of odor but
could not distinguish between them. Simi-
lar cases might be produced, though hardly
one of superior education in this respect;
and in the light of it, it is not difficult to
suppose that a sharp dog should be able to
follow back a train of odors that he had ex-
perienced shortly before.

But there is another way by which anx-
ious animals may learn their route both
going and coming, and that k by listening
and inquiring. It is remarkable how much
of what is said by their masters all dogs
understand. The books and periodicals
of natural history and sport abound with
illustrations cf this, and one lately occurred
within my own experience. A very good-
natured and amusing, but utterly un-thor-
oughbred, little dog was a member of a
family which I was visiting. The dog and
I became very good friends at once, and
remained so until the second day, when I
casually began to joke his master upon
owning such a miserable cur. At once the
little dog pricked up his ears, and, noticing
this, I continued my disparagements in a
quiet, off-hand tone, his master meanwhile
defending and condoling with him, until at
last the dog could stand it no longer, but
without any provocation beyond my lan-
guage, which was not addressed to him at
all, sprang up and softly bit at my heel, as
though to give me warning of what might
happen if the joke went any further; and
after that he utterly broke off our friendship.

I mention this incident to call attention

by recognizing the still
home-like dialect of the
a country where dialects
in Great Britain, this s
would no doubt be of gn
ligent animal. Take the
well workman's dog. I
that he discovered the
Liverpool, whither it woi
cult to make his way fr<
following some rough-t
until he found himself a
again.

But there is still mon
this part of a homesick
and ingenuity. I am fir
animals have a language
ances by which they com
other, and that their voca
is much larger than it
considered to be. Du
declared that he undersl
of the cat tongue. I am
that those two wicked 1
which ran away so disj
camp in Wyoming, had
thing out beforehand, a
had made up their min
They had been bitter e
kicking each other, con
places in the line and q
trip. But the evening b<
they were observed to
It attracted our notice, a
seen of them in the rr
they bolted, they stood
with their heads togetl
erect, waiting the righ
away together. Tell a mi
that the little beasts do n<
selves (chiefly in planniiij
and he will laugh in you

Cats, we know, consu
gether, and two street

THEOCRITUS.

IDYLL I.

ARGUMENT.

The Poet, proposing to celebrate the end of Daphnis, the hero of
Sicilian shepherds, finds an opening of his subject in a dialogue be-
tween a goatherd and a shepherd named Thyrsis. The latter begs the
former to sing with the accompaniment of his pipe. This he de-
clines, for fear of awakening Pan, and strives to prevail upon Thyrsis,
by the offer of a goat and a most highly wrought drinking-cup, to
sing of the death of Daphnis. Thyrsis accordingly begins by invok-
ing the Nymphs : describes the grief of the brute creation at the
sorrows of Daphnis : the sympathy of Pan and Mercury, as well as
the shepherds their worshippers : the bitterness of Daphnis towards
Venus, who had caused his sorrows, but is now inclined to relent.
The song concludes with the farewell of Daphnis to all the objects of
his former joys. After which performance, the goatherd presents
Thyrsis with the meed of his song.

THYRSIS THE SHEPHERD, AND THE GOATHERD.

Thyrsis. l OF a sweet nature, goatherd, is the murmur-
ing of yon pine, which tunefully rustles by the fountains :
and sweetly too do you play on the pipe : next to Pan you
shall carry off the second prize. If he shall have taken the
horned he-goat, you shall receive the she-goat : and if he

Compare Pope, Past. iv. 80,

In some still evening when the whispering breeze

Pants on the leaves, and dies among the trees.
And again in the same Pastoral,

Thyrsis, the music of that murmuring spring, \

Is not so mournful as the strains you sing.
Add to these Virg. Eel. viii. 22. TO \l/iQvpiffpa icai a TT'ITVQ, is an instance
of the figure hendiadys, so common in Greek and Latin poets. The
"Pateris libamus et auro," of Virgil, for "pateris libamus auratis," will
serve for an illustration. So Bion, Fragm. xii. 2, i^afnaOov (cat fjiova
for \l/ap.aQbv riiovoq.

2 THEOCRITUS. 5—24.

shall have received as a gift of honour the she-goat, 2the
yearling falls to your share : and the flesh of the yearling-kid
is good, until you shall have milked it.

Goatherd. 3 Sweeter, good shepherd, is thy melody, than
yon resounding -water pours down from the rock above. If
the Muses bear-off for themselves the sheep as a gift, you
shall receive as your prize the 4 young lamb : but should it
please them to receive the lamb, then you shall afterwards
bear away the sheep.

TJiyrs. Are you willing, I ask you by the Nymphs, are
you willing, goatherd, to take your seat here at this sloping
mound, 5 where the tamarisks are, and to play upon your
pipe ? And I meanwhile will tend your she-goats.

Goath. It is not right, good shepherd, it is not right for
us to pipe at mid-day: 6we are afraid of Pan ; for in truth
it is then he reposes wearied from the chase : and he is
crabbed, and sharp anger ever rests upon his nostril. But
(since you in fact, Thyrsis, have seen the sorrows of Daphnis,
and have arrived at the summit of Bucolic minstrelsy) come,
let us sit under the elm, opposite to the statue of Priapus,
and the fountain-nymphs, even where that pastoral seat is,
and the oaks. And if you shall have sung, as of old you
sang, when contending against Chromis from Libya, I will

2 The yearling falls, &c.] Compare Horat. i. Od. xxviii. 28, Tibi
defluat aequo ab Jove, &c. Compare also Bion, i. 55.

3 Virgil, Eel. v. 45 — 47,

Tale tuum carmen nobis, divine Poeta,
Quale sopor fessis, &c.
And ibid. 83, 84, Nee percussa juvant fluctu tarn littora, nee quae

Saxosas inter decurrunt flumina valles.

Pope, Past, iv., Nor rivers winding through the vales below,
So sweetly warble, or so sweetly flow.

4 The young lamb.] oaKirav. Literally, stall-fed : hence young and
tender.

•' Virg. Eel. iv. 2, Non omnes arbusta juvant, humilesque myricae.
6 This habit of the gods sleeping in the mid-day heat, is introduced
by Virgil, Georg. iv. 401,

Ipsa ego -te, medios cum Sol accenderit aestus,

In secreta ducam senis, quo fessus ab undis

Se recipit.

Warton quotes 1 Kings xviii. 27, "And it came to pass at noon, that
Elijah mocked them, and said, Cry aloud : for he is a god ; either he is
talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he
sleepeth, and must be awaked."

25—48. IDYLL I.

give you both a she-goat, "that suckles twins, to milk thrice a
day, which though it has t\vo kids will give milk to fill two
pails, and a deep drinking-cup of ivy wood, rubbed with sweet
wax, with two handles, fresh made, still smacking of the
graving tool: around whose lips ivy twines on 8high, ivy
interspersed with marigold ; and the helix winds round
about it rejoicing in the yellow fruit. But on the inner sur-
face, a woman, a cunning kind of work of divine art, has
been wrought, decked out in a flowing robe, and 9a coif
of-net-work, and, beside her, men with-beautifully-long-hair
are contending with words, alternately, one from one side,
another from another : yet the words are not reaching her
heart: but one while she is glancing with a smile towards
that man, and at another time she is again casting her
thoughts on this: whilst they by reason of love straining
their eyes for a long time, are labouring to no purpose.
And 10 besides these, an old fisherman and a rugged rock
have been wrought, over which the old man is busily drag-
ging a huge net for a cast, nlike a man toiling with all his
might. You would say that he was fishing with the whole
strength of his limbs, to such a degree, are the sinews swelling
every where about his neck, even though he is grey-headed.
Yet his powers are worthy of youth. Vi And at a little dis-
tance from the sea-worn old man, a vineyard is beautifully
laden with ripe clusters : which a little boy is watching, as
he sits at the hedge-rows : and around him two foxes, 13one

7 Virg. Eel. iii. 30, Bis venit ad mulctrarn, binos alit abere foetus.
I? Wo ireXXag , i. e. two pails full.

8 Compare Pope's Past. i. 25,

And I this bowl where wanton ivy twines,
And swelling clusters bend the curling vines.
And Yirg. Eel. iii. 38—45.

9 dfnrvZ, reticulum, a head-band or snood, for binding up women's
front hair. Just above, for ZvrovQtv, compare Virg. Eel. iii. 40, In
medio duo signa.

10 Besides these.] For this use of fitTa with a dative, compare Idyll
xvii. 84 and xxv. 129.

11 The full expression here would be Kara roffov aQ'tvn^, oaov fviiav
ioTiv, or rather, perhaps, TOGOVTOV oa-ov tori yviiov aG'tvoc, omnibus
membrorum viribus.

18 TvrQbv 5' offffov, "non procul." Schol. roaovrov diarrTJJiia 'oaov
i>\iyov. Virg. Eel. vi. 16, (Heyne,) Serta procul tantum capiti sublapsa
jacebant.

13 Compare Canticles or Song of Solomon ii. 15, " Take us the
B 2

4 THEOCRITUS. 49—66.

is roaming up and down the rows, spoiling the ripe grapes,
while the other, preparing all his subtlety for the boy's wallet,
is vowing he will not leave the lad, before that 14he shall
have brought him to beggary, as being without his breakfast.
But he in sooth is weaving a fine locust-trap with asphodel
stalks, fitting them on rushes : and neither is he at all con-
cerned for his wallet, nor for the fruits, so much as he is
delighting about his platting. But all about the cup clusters
the moist 15bear's-foot, a kind of JEolian sight: the marvel
would astonish your senses. As the price of it, I gave to
the Calydonian boatman, a goat and a large cheese cake of
white milk, nor has it at all anywise reached lfimy lip, but it
still lies untouched. With this I would right willingly
gratify you, if you would sing me, friend, that lovely hymn.
And I do not envy you at all. Come, good sir ! for by no
means shall 17you ever hoard your song, at any rate for
Hades that bringeth forgetfulness.

Thi/rs. 18 Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

Here am I, Thyrsis from .ZEtna, and this is the voice of
Thyrsis. 19 Wherever, I wonder, wherever were ye, Nymphs,

foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines ; for our vines have tender
grapes."

14 (.TTI £?7poi£ KaOiZtiv Tiva. To run one aground ; bring to a nonplus ;
ruin utterly. Wordsworth shows that KaOiZeiv often has the sense of
reducing to a certain state, and leaving in it (redigendi et destituendi).
Xenoph. Sympos. iii. 11. Plat. Theset. p. 146, a. Thuc. i. 109. So
Ovid. Fast. iii. 52, In sicca pueri destitiiuntur hurao. For dvapiffrov,
breakfast-less, Wordsworth proposes Trpdnarov, i. q. TrpaTov.

K Moist bear's foot.] Virg. Eel. iii. 45, Et molli circum est ansas
amplexus acantho. Virg. Georg. iv. 123, Flexi vimen acanthi. Plin.
Ep. v. 6, 16, Acanthus in piano mollis, et poene dixerim lubricus.

16 Virg. Eel. iii. 43, Necdum illis labra admovi sed condita servo.

17 Horn. II. ii. 600. Moschus Epitaph. Bion, 21, 'AXXd irana TTXoiTJJV
fisXoc; \a6diov dtldei. Above rbv ityifiepov vpvov d(iay£. So Psalm xlv.
is called, " a song of the Loves."

18 Compare this with Virg. Eel. viii. Incipe Maenalios mecum, mea
tibia, versus. Pope, Pastoral iii.,

Resound, ye hills, resound my mournful strains.

19 Virg. Eel. x. 9—12,

Qurc nemora aut qui vos saltus habuere, puelloe
Naiades, indigno cum Gallus amore periret 7
Nam neque Parnassi vobis juga, nam neque Pindi
Ulla moram fecere, nee Aonia Aganippe.
Compare too the lines of Milton's Lycidas, beginning,

66—85. IDYLL I. 5

when Daphnis pined away ? were ye along the fair vales
of the 20Peneus, or along those of Find us ? for ye were
not occupying, I ween, the broad stream of Anapus at
any rate, nor the height of JEtna, nor the sacred wave of
Acis.

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

Him indeed the panthers, him the wolves bewailed. For
him, when dead, even the lion from the thicket wept aloud.

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

At his feet many cows, ay and many bulls, and again
many young heifers and steers lamented.

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

Foremost came Hermes from the mountain, and said, 'Daph-
nis, who wastes thee away ? of whom, my good friend, art
thou so enamoured ? '

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

21 The herdsmen came, the shepherds, the goatherds came.
All kept asking, what harm had befallen him. Priapus
came and said, ' Wretched Daphnis, why pinest thou ? And
the maiden too is borne afoot past all the fountains along
all the groves — '

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

22 'Seeking — Surely thou art of a, very lovesick nature, and

Where were ye, Nymphs, when the remorseless deep, &c.
Pope and Lord Lyttleton have imitated this passage.

*« Peneus, a river, Pindus, a mountain and river, of Thessaly.
Anapus and Acis, rivers of Sicily. Anapus is mentioned, Id. vii. 151,
and Acis by Silius Italicus, i. 14,

Quique per .^Etnseos Acis petit sequora fines

Et dulci gratam Nereida perluit und&.
For the 72nd verse, compare Virg. Eel. v. 27,

Daphni tuum Paenos etiam ingemuisse leones

Interitum montesque feri silvoeque loquuntur.
81 Virg. Eel. x. 19,

Venit et upilio, tardi venere bubulci.

Omnes, unde amor iste, rogant tibi. Venit Apollo.

Galle quid insanis inquitl tua cura Lycoris

Perque nives alium, perque horrida castra secuta est.
Pope Past. iii. 81,

Pan came and ask'd, what magic caused my smart,

And what ill eyes malignant glances dart 1

22 Respecting this line there is endless difficulty ; for Zartva there
are various emendations, of which Hermann's ^artv (" quin quaere earn,"
"nay, but seek her") seems the best. Bindemann is at a loss to see

6 THEOCRITUS. 86—105.

beyond-help. Thou wast called indeed a herdsman, but now
art thou like a 23 goat-feeder '

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

'And thou too, when thou beholdest the maidens, how
they smile, wastest away in thine eyes, because thou dancest
not with them.' But to these the herdsman answered no-
thing ; but kept going-on-with his own bitter love, and
kept going-on-with it to the end of destiny.

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

Ay and there came indeed sweetly, even Venus smiling,
24 smiling indeed secretly — but cherishing severe anger; and
said she, ' Thou indeed, Daphnis, didst boast that thou
2r>\vouldst bend Love! Hast not thou, in thine own person,
been bent by grievous love ?'

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

And Daphnis, I wot, answered her thus, ' Harsh Venus,
Venus to be dreaded, Venus hateful to mortals : — for at
length all things declare that my sun is setting : 2G Daphnis
even in the shades will be a bitter grief of Love.'

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

27 ' As to Venus, is not — the herdsman said — Away to

why Daphnis should pine away, if she whom he loved was at such pains
to find him out. From Virgil's imitation, (Eel. x. 20, 21,) one would
imagine she was following another. If so, we may perhaps explain the
present reading, by supposing Priapus to see that the subject is distaste-
ful, and so to break off at the M'ord £am"V — a dvtnpws, &c.

23 'GTroXoc — tytvTo, two lines sensu obscceno. Caprarias quando videt
capras, ut inscenduntur, tabescit oculis quod non hircus ipse riatus est.
Chapman renders them,

The goatherd, when he sees his goats at play,
Envies their wanton sport, and pines away,
For line 91, compare Horat. Epod. v. 39,

Cum semel fixsB cibo

Intabuissent pupulae.

24 \d9pia fitv. "Wordsworth reconciles the difficulties of this passage,
by reading dflpiji' for aBptlv, smiling to look upon, which certainly suits
the sense better.

25 Auyi£ijv, iXvyixQlS. A term taken from wrestling, which here
means, to master or overthrow.

26 i. e. " But, even should I, Daphnis, die, my very shade shall
sorely trouble the god of love." Compare Bion, Idyll viii. 10, Oiviiivy
KUKOV d\yoQ.

-r This is an instance of aposiopesis, a figure common in Greek and
Latin poets. Compare Virg. Eel. iii. 8, Novimus et qui te, transversa
tuentibus hircis, et quo — sed faciles nymphse risere — sacello. Also see

106—125. .IDYLL I. 7

Ida. Go to Anchises. There (in Ida) are sheltering oaks,
here only marsh plants. Here bees buzz sweetly at the
hives.'

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

28 'Adonis too in the prime of youth, since he too tends
sheep, both strikes down hares, and hunts all wild beasts.'

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

29 ' See thou go take thy stand again in close combat with
Diomed, and say, I conquer the herdsman Daphnis, come
contend with me.'

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

'Ye wolves, ye lynxes, ye bears lurking-in-dens along the
mountains, farewell ! For you no more is the herdsman
Daphnis along the wood: no more up and down the oak-
coppices or the groves. Farewell, Arethusa ; and ye rivers,
that pour beautiful water down 30 Thymbris.'

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

'Here am I, that Daphnis, who tend heifers hereabouts :
31 Daphnis, who lead the bulls and calves to water in these
parts.'

Begin, dear Muses, begin the pastoral strain.

'O Pan, Pan, if thou art on the long mountain ranges
of Lycosus, or if thou art engaged on 32 great Mrenalus, come
thou to the Sicilian isle, and leave the foreland 33 of Helice,

jEn. i. 135, Quos ego— ^sed motos praestat componere fluctus. jEn. ii.
100 ; v. 195 ; and a similar instance in the Book of Exodus, xxxii. 32.
It is an abrupt breaking off in the midst of a sentence. Here Venus
is taunted with her intrigue with Anchises. Compare Homer Hymn to
Venus, 53.

28 Virg. Eel. x. 10, Et formosus oves ad flumina pavit Adonis. The
poet is making Daphnis defend a pastoral life.

29 Compare Homer Iliad v. 336, for this encounter, and understand
in construction opa before OTrwg. See ./Esch. Prom. v. 68, OTTWS fj,j)

OaVTOV QlKTltlG TTOTS.

30 Thymbris, a mountain of Sicily, according to Toup and Valkenaer.
Servius, at Virgil 2En. iii. 500, says, that about Syracuse there was a
dyke called Thybris, mentioned by Theocritus. He seems to allude to
this passage.

31 See Virg. Eel. v. 41, Daphnis ego in silvis hinc usque ad sidera
riotus, &c.

32 Compare Virg. Georg. i. 16, Tua si tibi Mamala curzc. Georg. iii.
314, Summa Lycoei.

33 piov seems to mean any promontory, headland, foreland. See
Idyll xxv. 228. Helice was a city of Achaia, but from the connexion

8 THEOCRITUS. 126—140.

and that lofty toinb of the son of Lycaon, which is admirable
even to the blest immortals?

34 Cease, Muses, come cease the pastoral strain.

' Come, O king, and bear off this beautiful pipe sweetly-
smelling from the well-fastened wax, curved about the mouth-
piece ; for in truth I am by Love dragged to Hades at last.'

Cease, Muses, come cease the pastoral strain.

'Now may ye brambles bear violets, and may ye thorns
bear them ; and may M the beautiful narcissus flower on the
junipers : and may all things become changed, and the pine
bear pears, since Daphnis dies : and may the stag trail the
dogs, and the owls from the mountains contend-in-song with
nightingales.'

Cease, Muses, come cease the pastoral strain.

And he indeed having said thus much, made an end : and
Aphrodite was willing to raise him up : but all the threads,
I ween, had been exhausted by the Fates : and Daphnis
crossed the 3G stream. The eddy washed away the man

of the name here with the son of Lycaon it would seem that we must
rather take it for an Arcadian city, Lycaon and his son being connected
with that country. Tombs are held as great land-marks among the
Pastoral poets. Virg. Eel. is. 60, Namque sepulchrum Incipit adparere
Bianoris.

34 Desine Msenalios jam desine tibia versus. Virg. Eel. viii. 61.
33 Yirg. Eel. v. 38,

Pro molli viol&, pro purpureo narcisso
Carduus, et spinis surgit paliurus acutis.

And for an elegant imitation of this passage compare Eel. viii. 27, 28,
and 52, &c.,

Jungentur jam gryphes equis, sevoque sequent!
Cum canibus timidl venient ad pocula damse.

* * *******
Nunc et oves ultro fugiat lupus : aurea durae
Mala ferant quercus : narcisso floreat alnus :

Certent et cycnis ululse.

Virgil, however, in his Georgics, ii. 71, declares art to have achieved
what seemed to Theocrit. i. 134, an impossibility : Ornusque incanuit
albo Flore pyri. iravra I' tva\\a. Ovid. Met., Omnia naturae contraria
legibus ibunt. Virg. Eel. iii. 58, Omnia vel medium tiant mare. Elms-
ley thinks that Virgil here, having the passage of Theocritus in view,
translated it, as if the reading were ivaXa.

Pope Past, iii., Let opening roses knotted oaks adorn,

And liquid amber drop from every thorn.

36 iic'noipav. Virg. JE.\\. x. 814, Extremaque Lauso Parcae fila legunt.
poov, the stream, that is, of Acheron.

141—152. IDYLL I. 9

who was dear to the Muses, who was not odious to the
Nymphs.

Cease, Muses, come cease the pastoral strain.

And give thou me the she-goat and the cup, that I may
milk her, and offer a libation to the Muses : O hail, hail
oftentimes, ye Muses : and I to you will also at a future time
sing more sweetly.

Goatherd. May thy lovely mouth, Thyrsis, be full of
honey, ay full of honey-combs, 37and mayest thou eat sweet
dried-figs from JEgilus, since thou, for thy part, singest
better than a cicala. Lo ! here is the cup for thee : observe,
my friend, how beautifully it smells. You will think that
it has been washed in 38 the fountains of the Hours. Come
hither, Cimjetha: 'and do you milk her. And, ye she-
goats, skip not, lest the he-goat mount you.

IDYLL II.

THE SORCERESS.
ARGUMENT.

Simastha, a maid of Syracuse, of middle rank, (70 — 74,) seeing herself
slighted by Delphis, of whom she is enamoured, becomes suspicious
and jealous, and strives to regain his love by charms and philters.
At night, by the light of the moon, she holds a magic rite, to which
chosen attendants are admitted. The object of these is, that the per-
son on whom the charm is designed to work, may suffer the same as
the inanimate objects used in the ceremonial. The rite being over,
and Thestylis gone, Simsetha details the rise and progress of her love,
and her suspicions of the faithlessness of Delphis, addressing herself
to the Moon, as presiding over the solemnity. Lastly, she threatens

37 The goatherd wishes Thyrsis, besides other good things, Attic
dried figs from the canton (#?j/ioe) ^Egilus ; from which the best fruit of
this kind came. Valkenaer and Warton think air' AtyiXoi iffxaSa is the
same as AiyiAicJa i<r\aSa.

3S This line is a periphrasis for a very beautiful cup. It is a constant
usage with Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus, to introduce the Hours
adding grace and elegance to every thing which comes beneath their
influence. Compare Theocr. Idyll, xv. 105, which see, and Mosch. ii. 160,
Kai 01 Xex°G ivrvvov upai.

10 THEOCRITUS. 1—14.

heavy doom to the faithless youth, if he return not to his love for her.
This Idyll with others, the 15th and 28th, treat of town, not country
life. Virgil, in the 8th Eclogue, has borrowed from it largely.

WHERE, prythee, are my laurels ? Bring them, Thestylis.
And where the love-charms ? Crown the pail l with choicest
purple wool ! that I may 2 overpower by magic the lover who
is cruel to me, for, wretch that he is, 3 'tis twelve days since
he has ever been to see me : neither knows he whether I am
dead or 4 alive, nor has he knocked-furiously at the doors,
being untoward: surely Eros has gone off with his fickle
heart elsewhere, and Aphrodite. I will go to-morrow to the
pakestra of Timagetus, that I may see him, and reproach
him for the way in which he treats me. But now I will
compel him to love by magic rites. However, 50 Moon,
shine brightly, for to thee will I sing softly, 0 goddess, and to
infernal Hecate, at whom even whelps tremble, as she goeth
along the tombs and the dark gore of the corpses. Hail !
G frightful Hecate, and be thou with me to the end, making

1 awT(p, the flower, the best of its kind. Cf. Idyll xiii. 27, and con-
sult Butmann's Lexilogus on the word. II. xiii. 599.

2 Virg. Eel. viii. 64—66,

Effer aquam, et molli cinge hsec altaria vittS. :
Verbenasque adole pingues et mascula thura :
Conjugis ut magicis sanos avertere sacris
Experiar scnsus.

* Awfoicaraloe. This form of speech for Stidtica t'mtpat, flat occurs
also at vs. 157. Compare Matthias, Gr. Gr. § 446, 8, respecting adjec-
tives in aioc chiefly derived from ordinal numerals.

* See Matth. Gr. Gr. § 436, 4, a. here also on the use of the plur.
masc. by a woman speaking of herself.

5 The Moon and Hecate are special goddesses invoked by witches.
So Ben Jonson, (quoted by Chapman,) " Sad shepherd."

When our dame Hecatfe
Made it her gaing night over the kirk-yard,
With all the barking parish-tikes set at her,
While I sat whirling of my brazen spindle.

See Tibullus, i. 2, 52,

Sola tenere malas Medeae dicitur herbas,
Sola feros Hecatae perdomuisse canes.

Virg. Eel. viii. 69, Carmina vel coelo possunt deducere Lunam.

So our own Shakspeare introduces Hecate in the witch-scene of

Macbeth.

6 Horace, Epod. v. 51, Nox et Diana quae silentium regis

15 — 33. IDYLL II. II

these potions nowise inferior either to those of 7 Circe, or of
Medea, or the yellow-haired Perimede.

8 Wheel, draw thou that man to my house.

9 Meal, look you, is first consumed in the fire : nay,
sprinkle it over, Thestylis ; wretched girl, whither hast thou
flown in wits ? Is it really so then, that I have become, you
loathsome creature, an object of malignant joy even to you ?
Sprinkle, and say these words withal, I sprinkle the bones of
Delphis.

Wheel, draw thou that man to my house.

10 Delphis has grieved me : and I burn the laurel over
Delphis: and as it cracks loudly, when it has caught fire,
and is suddenly in a blaze, and not even its ashes do we see ;
even so may Delphis too waste in flame as to his flesh.

Wheel, draw thou that man to my house !

11 As I melt this wax by the help of the goddess, so may
Myndian Delphis be presently wasted by love: and as this
brazen wheel is whirled round, so may that man be whirled
about by the influence of Aphrodite at my doors.

Wheel, draw thou that man to my house !

Now Avill I sacrifice the bran, and thou, O Artemis, might-
Arcana cum fiunt sacra,
Nunc num adeste.

7 Tibull. i. 2, 51, above quoted, and Propertius, ii. 4, 1,

Non hie herba valet, non hie nocturna Cytseis,
Non Perimedea gramina cocta manu.
The scholiast says Perimede is the witch whom Homer calls Agamede.

8 Tt>y$, first the ' wry-neck,' so called from its cry. It came to signify
the wheel to which wizards and witches bound this bird, believing that
they drew along with it men's souls as by a charm. See Liddell and
Scott, Greek Lex. at the word.

For the intercalary verse, see Virg. Eel. viii.,

Ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina^ducite Daphnim.

9 Sparge rr.olam, &c. Virg. Eel. viii. 83.

10 Yirg. Eel. viii. 82, 83,

Fragiles incende bitumine lauros,

Daphnis me malus urit : ego hanc in Daphnide laurum.
Compare Propert. ii. 28, 35. Lucret. vi. 153.

11 Virg. Eel. viii. 80,

Limus ut hie durescit et haje ut cera liquescit,
Uno eodemque igni, sic nostro Daphnis amore.
See Ovid. Met. iii. 487, Sed ut intabescere flavin

Igne levi cene, matutina?ve pruinae

Sole tepente solent, sic attcnuatus amore

Liquitur.

12 THEOCRITUS. 34—55.

est move the Adamantine god in Hades, and even whatever
else is stedfast-in-purpose. Thestylis, the bitches are howl-
ing for us up and down the city. 12The goddess is in the
cross-roads : sound the brass with all speed.
Wheel, draw thou that man to my house.

13 Behold, the sea is still, and the breezes are still, yet my
grief is not still within my bosom : but I am all on fire for
him, who has made wretched me to be base and unmaidenly,
instead of a wife.

Wheel, draw thou that man to my house.

14 Thrice I offer a libation, and thrice say I these words,
0 venerable goddess ! ' Whether woman lies beside him, or
even man, may as much of oblivion hold him, as, they say,
held Theseus of yore, when in 15 Dia he forgot Ariadne of the
beauteous locks.'

Wheel, draw thou that man to my house.

16 Hippomanes is a plant among the Arcadians : after it all
the colts and fleet mares along the mountains are mad. So
may I see Delphis also arrive even at this house, like unto a
madman, from out the glowing palaestra.

Wheel, draw thou that man to rny house.

17 Delphis lost this border from his mantle, which I now,
tearing in pieces, throw down on the raging fire. Alas, alas,

12 &VCL irroXiv. Virg. ^En. vi., Visteque canes ululare per urbem

Adventante Dea.

Compare Statius Theb. iv. 429. Of Diana Trivia, see Ovid Trist.
iv. 4, 73.

13 The poets loved to represent the winds, waves, and all nature calm
and placid at the approach of Deity. See Virg. Eel. ix. 57,

Et nunc omne tibi stratum silet aequor, et omnes,

Aspice, ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae.

See also the description (JE,ti. iv. 522, &c.) of Nature hushed in sleep,
but Dido still awake through cares.

14 Virg. Eel. viii. 73, Terque hacc altaria circum effigiem duco, &c.

13 Naxos, where Theseus left Ariadne, was anciently called Dia. See
Catull. Nupt. Pelei el Thel. Ixiii. 122.

18 Hippomanes.] See Virg. Georg. iii. 280, who disagrees with Theo-
critus in the nature of this ingredient in charms. Virg., in ^En. iv. 515,
calls it " Nascentis equi de fronte revulsus Et matri pracreptus amor."
17 Virg. Eel. viii. 91,

Has olim exuvias mihi perfidus ille reliquit
Pignora cara sui.
See also ^En. iv. 495.

5—75. IDYLL H. 13

grievous Eros, why hast thou drunk out all the dark blood
from my flesh, clinging like a leech from the marsh ? 18

Wheel, draw thou that man to my house.

19 For thee, Delphis, having bruised a lizard, to-morrow I
will bring a baneful potion. But now, Thestylis, take you
these drugs and smear them above that man's door-post, to
which, ay even now, I am bound in affection, (yet he takes
no account of me !) and 20say as you spit upon it, I smear the
bones of Delphis.

Wheel, draw thou that man to my house.

Now then, being alone, from what source shall I bewail
my love ? Whence shall I begin ? Who brought this evil
upon me ? Anaxo, the daughter of Eubulus, came to me,
21 bearing a basket to the grove of Artemis : and for her in
truth then many other wild beasts were going in procession
round about, and among them a lioness.

22 Observe my love, whence it arose, 0 Lady Moon !

And Theucharila, the Thracian nurse of blessed memory,
dwelling near my doors, begged and prayed me to go and
view the procession, and I, all wretched as I am, followed
her, 23 trailing a fair tunic of fine-linen, 24 and having clad
myself in the fine robe-and-train of Clearista.

Observe my love, whence it arose, O Lady Moon !

y Horace, Ars Poetica, 476,

Non missura cutem nisi plena cruoris hirudo.

10 A favourite ingredient for hell-broths. See Macbeth, act iv. sc. 1,
Lizard's leg, and owlet's wing,
For a charm of powerful trouble,
Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.

20 Tibull. Ter cane, ter dictis despue carminibus. I. ii. 56.
sl KavafyopoQ. The basket-bearer, a maiden at Athens, who carried
on her head a basket at the festivals of Demeter, Bacchus, and Athena.
See Liddell and Scott, Gr. Lex. ad voc. Diet. Gr. and Rom. Antiq.
(Smith) p. 193. Cf. Idyll xxvi. 7. Callimach. Hymn to Ceres, vs. 1.
The festival of Diana, the goddess of chastity, was the great time of
match-making, when maidens about to marry deprecated the wrath of the
goddess, carrying torches, baskets of flowers, and pans of incense, and
leading animals in procession.

22 iroTva, generally supposed to be the feminine of iroaig, " Lord," as
S'eOTroiva of SemroTTiQ.

23 fivaaoio. See article " Byssus," in Diet. Gr. and Horn. Anti(j.
p. 109.

2* Having clad myself,] i. e. having borrowed it for the occasion. The
poorer classes used to hire fine dresses for festivals. Juvenal, vi. 364,
Ut spectet ludos, conducit Ogulnia vestem. Cf. Eurip. Electr. 190.

14: THEOCRITUS. 76—102.

25 And when I was now about the middle of the road,
where Lycon's house is, I beheld Daplmis and Eudamippus
walking together : and their beards were yellower indeed
than the marigold, 2G while their breasts shone far more than
thou, O Moon, since they had but just left the noble toil of
the palasstra.

Observe my love, whence it arose, O Lady Moon !

27 And as I looked, how I maddened, how my heart, wretch-
ed woman that I am, was smitten through : my beauty too
wasted away, and neither did I at all regard that procession,
nor did I know how I returned home : but a disorder of a
burning nature exhausted me ; and I lay on my couch ten
days and ten nights.

Observe my love, whence it arose, O Lady Moon !

And my skin indeed became like oftentimes to 28 box- wood :
and all my hair fell from my head : and only skin and bones
were left any longer : and to whose house did I not go ? Or the
home of what old woman, that used incantations, did I 29miss ?
But there was no relief : and time kept passing fleetly.

Observe my love, whence it arose, O Lady Moon !

And so I told my slave the true statement. ' Come now,
Thestylis; devise me some remedy for sore disorder. The
Myndian possesses me wholly, wretched woman that I am.
Go then, and watch at the palaestra of Timagetus, for thither
he resorts, and there it is pleasant to him to sit.'

Observe my love, whence it arose, O Lady Moon !

'And whensoever you shall have learnt that he is alone,
beckon quietly, and say that Simsetha bids thee, and lead
him hither.' Thus spoke I. And she went and brought to

25 Virg. Eel. is. 59, Hinc adeo nobis media est via.
28 See Theocr. Idyll, xviii. 26, and Tibull. iii. 4, 29, Candor erat,
qualem prsefert Latonia Luzia.

27 Eel. viii. 41, Ut vidi, ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error. See
Horn. II. xiv. 294. Theocr. iii. 42.

28 6a\lj<ft. According to the Scholiast, this was a plant brought from
the island of Thapsus, of a yellowish colour, used for dyeing wool, and
the hair. Hor. Od. x. 14, Book iii. Tinctus viola pallor amantium.
Ovid. Met. iv. 134, Oraque buxo Pallidiora gerens exhorruit. Hers,
says Chapman, was a green and yellow melancholy.

29 t\nrov — \tiTriiv often signifies practermittere, as " relinquere " is
sometimes used in Latin. Yirg. JEn. vi. 509, Nihil, O, tibi amice re-
lictum. Cicero, Verr. iii. 44, Prretereo et relinquo. Eurip. Androm.
299,. r«V OVK £7r/j\0f ; TTOIOV OVK iXiaairo

103—124. IDYLL H. 15

rny house the sleek-skinned Delphis. But, when I beheld
him just crossing with light foot the threshold of the door ;

Observe my love, whence it arose, 0 Lady Moon ;

30 1 became more chilled than snow all over, and from my
brow perspiration began to stream down, like the southern
dews. Neither was I able to say any thing, not even as much
as children in sleep murmur forth, calling to their dear mo-
ther ; but I became stiff in my fair body, all over, like a
plaster 31 doll.

Observe my love, whence it arose, 0 Lady Moon !

And when he had looked on me, the cruel man, having
fixed his eyes on the ground, sate upon the couch, and as he
sate spake thus ! ' Surely, Sima^tha, thou hast 32 been as
much beforehand with me, inasmuch as thou invitedst me to
thy house before that I arrived there, as I in sooth some time
ago was beforehand with graceful Philinus in the race.'

Observe my love, whence it arose, O Lady Moon !

' For I too would have come, yea, by sweet Eros I would
have come, with 33two or three friends immediately at night-
fall, keeping in my bosom the apples 34 indeed of Bacchus,
and having on my head a wreath of poplar, sacred shoot of
33 Hercules, twined all round with purple ribbons.'

Observe my love, whence it arose, O Lady Moon !

'And if indeed ye should have received me, this would

30 .i£n. iii. 308, Diriguit visu in medio : calor ossa reliquit. Com-
pare Sappho, Od. ix. Propert. ii. 18, 12. Apollon. Rhod. iii. 954, &c.,
the meeting of Medea and Jason.

31 Sayvz, a wax doll, used in magic rites ; a puppet, called by Calli-
mach. in Cerer. 91, TrXayywv, from TrXatraw, and by the Attics, (see
Schol. at this place,) »c6pa. Briggs suggests that one of the meanings of
Sayiig is " coral."

32 The construction is i<f>6a<raQ KaXkaava, rj finraptivcu, TOGOV offov
t(f>6affa. There is no need to understand Trpiv ; the force of which is
contained in ttyOaaaQ.

33 rptrof jjs rkraoroQ twv 0iXoc — " Cum duobus aut tribus aliis amator-
ibus," i. e. I would have come myself the third or fourth. A com-
mon phrase in Greek poets and prose writers. Cf. Horn. Odyss. xx.
185. — avriKo. VVKTOQ, (understand ytj/ojusvj/c,) " Simul ac nox ap-
petisset."

34 Apples, as lovers' presents, are mentioned, iii. 10 ; xi. 10. Some
say the apples of Bacchus mean pomegranates.

35 Yirg. Eel. vii. 61, Populus Alcidae gratissima. Georg. ii. 66, Her-
culeaeque arbos umbrosa coronae. Mn. viii. 286, Populeis adsunt evincti
tempora ramis.

16 THEOCRITUS. 124—147.

have been agreeable, for I am called active and beautiful
among all the youths. And I should have been 3Gat rest, if
only I had kissed thy beauteous mouth. But if ye repelled
me to some other quarter, and the door was held by a bar, by
all means then axes 37 and torches should have come against
you.'

Observe my love, whence it arose, 0 Lady Moon !

'But now I declare that I owe thanks indeed to Venus
first, and after Venus, thou in the second place hast plucked
rne, maiden, from the fire, by having invited me to this thine
house, when I was absolutely half consumed. For Eros in
sooth ofttimes kindles a hotter blaze than even Liparaean
Vulcan.'

Observe my love, whence it arose, O Lady Moon !

' And, by the aid of baneful phrensy, he is wont to hurry
away both the virgin from her woman's chamber, and the
wedded wife having just deserted the warm bed of her hus-
band.38' Thus he indeed spoke. But I, too-credulous woman,
having seized his hand, made him recline on the soft couch.

And quickly body was warmed by body, and our faces
grew hotter than before: and we were whispering sweetly.
And that I may not prate to thee too long, dear Moon, great-
est things took place, and we both reached the object of our
desire. And neither at all did that man find fault with me
up to yesterday, nor I on the other hand with him : but there
came to me to-day 39 the mother of Philista, her, I mean, who
is my flute-player, and of Melixo, to-day, even when the

w See Sophocl. Fragm. 503. Evcovvy Qptvi, a mind at rest, listless.
Tibullus uses "securus" in the same sense, I. i. 48. So "dormire."
Herat. Sat. ii. 1, 6, Peream male si lion

Optimum erat, verum nequeo dormire.

Juvenal i. 77, Quern patitur den-mire nurus corruptor avara.
*7 Tibull. i. 1, 73,

Nunc levis est tractanda Venus, dum frangere postes
Non pudet et rixas inseruisse juvat.
Herat, i. Od. 25, Parcius junctas quatiunt fenestras,

Ictibus crebris juvenes protervi.
Compare Herat. Od. Hi. 26, 7.

38 Supply no iconder then if he overcomes you.

39 The mother of Philista and Melixo, the former a flute-player, the
latter probably a dancer, (for the flute-player and dancer were usual
accompaniments of Greek feasts,) was present with her daughters at a
banquet, where she learned the faithlessness of Delphis.

147—166. IDYLL II. 17

steeds were coursing up to heaven, bearing the rosy-armed
dawn from the ocean. And she told me much else, indeed,
and that in sooth Delphis is in love : but whether again love
for a woman possesses him, or for a man, she said that she
knows not accurately: but only thus much, that he 40was
pouring forth of unmixed wine to Eros, and at last went
hurriedly 41 away : and she said that he was going to cover
that house of his love with wreaths. These things my friend
has told me : and she is truthful. For certainly at other times
he was wont to resort to me thrice and four times a day: and
often would leave with me the Dorian oil-flask : but now 'tis
even twelve days since I have ever seen him. Has he not,
then some other delight, and has he not forgotten me ? Now
indeed I will compel him by love-charms ; and if he should
still vex me also, by the Fates / swear he shall knock at the
gate of Hades. Such baneful drugs I affirm that I am keep-
ing 42for him in a box, having learned them, O Queen, from
an Assyrian stranger. But fare thou well, and turn thy
steeds, dread Lady, toward ocean. And I will bear my trou-
ble, even as I have undertaken. Farewell, bright complex-
ioned 43Moon, and farewell, ye other stars, attendants on the
chariot of stilly night.

40 See xiv. 18. To drink of unmixed, wine as a toast to any one.
tTri-xtiaQai. OVVIKO. is for WovvtKa or on — aKparov depends on TI
understood, and tptaroe is another genitive case of the person pledged.
See Aristoph. Eq. 106, ffirovdrjv Xaf3e St], Kai aTTtiaov, ayaQov SaifiLOvog.
Callimach. Epig. xxxi. £y%fi Kai irdXiv tine, AioicXtof . Meleag. Ep. 98>
tyX£t Kai TTaXiv tiTre TrdXiv, iraXtv, 'HAioda>pa£.

Wordsworth seems to prefer to make dicpdrw agree with tpwroe. In -
fundebat de liquore meraco Ainoris. As he observes, " Amore ebrius,"
is a frequent idea of Theocritus and other poets. Catullus, xlv. 11, speaks
of " ebrios ocellos," with reference to a lover.

41 Lucret. iv. 1171,

At lacrurnans exclusus amator limina sa>pe
Floribus et sertis operit, posteisque superbos'
Unguit amaracino, et foribus miser oscula figit.
« See Virg. Eel. viii. 95,

Has herbas atque hsec Ponto mihi lecta venena
Ipse dedit Maeris, nascuntur plurima Ponto.
Tibull. i. v. 15, Ipse ego velatus h'lo, tunicaque recent!
Vota novem Triviae nocto silente dedi.
" Tibull. ii. 1, 87,

Jam nox jungit equos, currumque sequuntur
Matris lascivo sidera fulva choro.
C

IDYLL III.

THE GOATHERD, OR AMARYLLIS, OR THE SERENADES.

ARGUMENT.

A goatherd, the care of his flock having been intrusted to the shepherd
Tityrus, goes to the cave of his sweet-heart Amaryllis ; and there,
after many complaints of her estranged affections, endeavours by gifts,
entreaties, rage, and threats, to re-awaken her former love for him.
Then, in hopes she may come nearer, and in order to fix her heart and
eyes on himself, he sings a sweet melody and recounts the men of old,
whose love Venus has favoured. At last, seeing that she is deaf even
to this, he gives way to despair. The Scholiast thinks the scene is
laid in the country about Croto ; and that Theocritus introduces him-
self under the character of the Goatherd. But there seem no suffi-
cient grounds for the assumption.

1 1 GO a-serenading to Amaryllis ; whilst my goats browse
on the mountain, and Tityrus drives them. Tityrus, beloved
by me in the highest degree, feed my she-goats ; and lead
them to the fountain, Tityrus ; and mind that tawny Libyan
he-goat, lest he butt thee.

O graceful Amaryllis, why do you not any longer peep
forth at this cave, and call me, your sweet-heart ? Do you
really hate me ? Or is it that, forsooth, when neai', I appear
to thee, O nymph, to be flat-nosed and long-chinned ? 2 You
will make me hang myself. 3 Lo, I bring thee ten apples ;
and I plucked them from that tree, from which you bade
me pluck them : and to-morrow I will bring thee more.
Regard, I pray you, my heart-grieving pain. 4I would I
could become your buzzing bee, and so enter into your cave,
penetrating the ivy and the fern, with which you are covered

1 See how closely Virgil has borrowed this, Eclog. ix. 21 — 25,

Vel quae sublegi tacitus tibi carmina nuper,
Cum te ad delicias ferras Amaryllida nostras.
Tityre, dum redeo, brevis est via, pasce capellas
Et potum pastas age, Tityre, et inter agendum
Occursare capro, cornu ferit ille, caveto.
Comp. Eel. v. 24. Tibull. II. iii. 15.

2 Virg. Eel. ii. 7, Mori me denique coges.

3 Eel. iii. 70, Aurea mala decem misi : eras altera mittam.

* Compare Psalm Iv. (>, " Oh that I had wings like a dove ! for then
would I fly away, and be at rest," &c.

15—33. IDYLL III. 19

in. 5 Now know I Eros ! cruel god ! Surely lie sucked the
teat of a lioness, and in a thicket his mother reared him.
For it is he who is consuming me, and wounding me even to
the bone. O you that look ail-beautifully, and yet are alto-
gether stone, 6 O dark-browed nymph, embrace me, your goat-
herd, that so I may kiss you. There is sweet delight even in
empty kisses. You will make me immediately pluck into
small pieces the wreath which I am keeping for you, dear
Amaryllis, of ivy leaves, having interwoven it with 7 rose-
buds and sweet-scented parsley. O woe is me ! what will
become of me ? What 8 of me, lost man that I am ! Do you
not hear me ? Throwing off my coat of 9 skins, I will leap
into the waves yonder, where Olpis the fisherman is watch-
ing for the tunnies. And even if I shall not have perished,
thy pleasure at all events has been done. I learned my fate
but lately, when upon my bethinking me whether you loved
me, 10not even did the poppy leaf coming in contact make a
sound, but withered away just so upon my soft arm. Agraso
too, the prophetess of the sieve, who was lately going beside
the reapers, and sheaving up the corn, told me the true tale,
that I indeed am wholly devoted to you; but you take no

s Eel. viii. 43, Nunc scio quid sit Amor. Comp. ^En. iv. 365 — 367,
and Pope Past. iii. 88,

I know thee, Love ; on foreign mountains bred,
Wolves gave thee suck, and savage tigers bred.
Catull. 1. and Ixiii. 154.

• Chapman here quotes Spenser,

A thousand graces on her eyelids sate,
Under the shadow af her even brows.

7 Virg. Eel. viii. 43, Floribus atque apio crines ornatus arnaro.

8 Eel. ii. 58, Heu heu quid volui misero mini.

9 Pope Past. iii. 95, One leap from yonder cliff shall end my pains.
Virg. Eel. viii. 59, 60,

Prtcceps aerii specula de montis in undas,
Deferar : extremum hoc morientis muuus habeto.

This was Sappho's remedy for love. See Wordsworth's note on this pass-
age. The tunny fishing is fully described by Oppian, Halieut. iii. 637,
and Herodotus, ok. i. chap. 62.

10 Lovers were wont to guess by the poppy leaf, or anemonfe, placed
between forefinger and thumb of the left hand, and then struck by the
right, whether their love was reciprocated. TTOTi/.ia^afisvov, in a middle
sense; mordicus adhaerens. Wordsworth. The other mode of divination
was common in this country in the days of witchcraft. See Ben Jon-
son's Alchymist, " Seeking for things lost through a sieve and shears."

c 2

20 THEOCRITUS. 34 — 49.

account of me. In truth I am keeping u for you a white she-
goat with two kids, which also the dark-skinned Erithacis,
daughter of Mermnon, has been begging of me : and I will
give it to her, since you play the coquet with me. 12My
right eye throbs ! I wonder whether I shall see her ? I will
sing, having reclined here beside the pine. And haply she
may regard me, since she is not made of adamant. 13 Hippo-
menes, when in truth he was desirous to wed the maiden,
took apples in his hands and accomplished the race : and
when Atalanta beheld him, how she maddened, how she leapt
into the depths of love ! 14 The prophet Melampus too drove
the herd from Othrys to Pylos : but she, the graceful mother
of sensible Alphesibaea, reclined in the arms of Bias. And
did not Adonis, tending his sheep on the mountains, drive
the lovely Venus to such an excess of phrensy, that not
even when he is dead, does she deprive him of her bosom ?
Enviable indeed to me is l5Endymion, who enjoys his change-

11 Virg. Eel. ii. 40—44,

Prseterea duo, nee tuta mihi valle reperti,
Capreoli, sparsis etiam nunc pellibus albo ;
Bina die siccant ovis ubera, quos tibi servo.
Jampridem a me illos abducere Thestylis oral
Et faciet : quoniam sordent tibi munera nostra.

12 liXXtrai, K. T. X. This the Greeks and Egyptians deemed a good
omen. The goatherd hopes from it that he shall see his love. Casauboii
quotes here Plautus, Pseudol. I. i. 105,

Ca. At id futurum unde 1 Ps. Unde 1 unde dicam I Nescio
Nisi, quia futurum sit ! ita supercilium salit.

13 Hippomenes, son of Megareus, by aid of the golden apples given to
him by Venus, won the race against Atalanta, daughter of Jasus and
Clymene. Vid. Ovid. Met. x. 560—700. And Virg. Eel. vi. 61, Turn
canit Hesperidum miratam mala puellam, &c.

14 Pero, the mother of Alphesibaea, was so beautiful, that her father
Neleus promised her to him alone who should steal the bulls from Iphi-
clus. Melampus, to win the bride for his brother Bias, ran the risk, and
was captured in the attempt by the herdsmen of Iphiclus. He was freed
from prison through his art of Divination, and having received the oxen
and delivered them to Neleus, he gained Pero in marriage for his brother.
Propert. ii. 3, 51, Turpia perpessus vates est vincla Melampus,

Cognitus Iphicli surripuisse boves.
Quern non lucra, magis Pero formosa coegit,

Mox Amithaonia nupta futura domo.
Comp. Horn. Odyss. xvi. 226.

15 Upon Endymion, the lover of Luna, Jove sent eternal sleep, because
Juno had been smitten with love of him. AD. Rhod. iv. 57. Theocr.
Id xx. 37.

49—54. IDYLL III. 21

less sleep: and I count happy, dear maiden, 16Jasion, who
obtained so many favours, as ye, that are uninitiated, shall not
hear-. My head is in pain. But you do not care. No more do
I sing ; but I will fall and lie low, and here the wolves shall
eat me : that this may be as sweet honey down your throat.

IDYLL IV.

THE HERDSMEN ; OR, BATTUS AND CORYDON.

ARGUMENT.

This Idyll is wholly of a Bucolic and mimic character. Two hireling
herdsmen chat together without any fixed subject of conversation.
The one, Corydon, is tending the herds of -<Egon, who has become a
wrestler and gone with Milo to the Olympic games. The other, Bat-
tus, is a man of a sarcastic turn, and keeps annoying his fellow with
various sharp sayings ; above all, predicting death to the ill-tended
herds of JEgon. Corydon, being easy and good-tempered, answers
him mildly. While they are chatting, the calves bark the straying
olive branches, and Battus, driving them off, is pricked by a thorn.
While Corydon is tending his wound, they spy the old father of _<Egon,
and get into a smart talk about his wanton way of living. This Idyll
abounds in pictures of pastoral life and manners. Its scene is laid in
the country, at the foot of an olive-clad hill. Virgil imitates it in
his third Eclogue, together with the next Idyll.

Battus. l TELL me, Corydon, whose are these heifers ? Are
they the property of Philondas ?

Corydon. No ! but of JEgon ! and he gave them to me to
tend.

16 Ceres came to Jasion while he slept. She became the mother of Pluto
by him. Her mysteries were withheld from the common herd of men.
Ovid Amor. III. x. 25,

Viderat lasium Cretsea Diva sub Ida
Figentem certa terga ferina manu,
Viderat : ut tenerae flammam rapuere medullae

(Hinc pudor, ex alia parte trahebat amor)
Victus amore pudor.
Virg. Eel. iii. 1, 2,

Die mihi, Damaeta, cujum pecus * An Melibcei 1
Non, verum .iEgonis ; nuper mihi tradidit ..•Egon.

22 THEOCRITUS. 3—13.

Batt. 2Do you happen any where to milk them all by stealth
at even ?

Coryd. Nay, the old man puts the calves to their dams to
suck, and watches me.

Batt. And to what quarter has the cowherd himself dis-
appeared ?

Coryd. Have you not heard ? Milo has gone off with him
to the 3Alpheus.

Batt. 4 Why, when has that fellow seen oil with his eyes ?

Coryd. They say that in strength and force he vies with
Hercules.

Batt. And so my mother said that I was better than Pollux.

Coryd. 5 And he is gone off with a hoe, and twenty sheep
from hence.

Batt. 6Milo, methinks, would persuade the wolves too to
rave straightway.

Coryd. 7But the young heifers here show their loss of him,
by lowing.

Batt. 8Ay, wretched are they ! How bad a cowherd they
have found !

Coryd. 9 Why yes, in very truth they are wretched : and
they no longer care to feed.

2 fyt here is Doric for aipt, or fffytac;, as ^>iv for cr^tv elsewhere. For the
idea compare Virg. Eel. iii. 6, Etsuccus pecori, et lac subducitur agnis.

3 The Alpheus was the chief river of the Peloponnese, in Elis. It flow-
ed past Olympia, where the games were held, into the Ionian Sea.
Milo is represented to have taken _<Egon with him to the games.

4 A homely phrase, significative of the herdsman's wonder at an unex-
perienced and untrained man like his master, aspiring to the Olympic
crown.

5 A hoe.] This was used by athletes for exercise, for thirty days
previous. The " twenty sheep," show that ^Egon was up to the mark
of ancient wrestlers, at least hi his powers of stomach.

6 Various readings have been suggested to make sense of this line,
which, as it stands, lacks point. Eichstadt for avriKa would read dp,vi£a,
and for /cat raif \VKO£, KO.T TW \VKta. Another reading is Xayof (i. e.
Xayorg) for Xvubg. Dahl thinks the common reading Avill stand if we
take rwc f°r <*>S> an(l construe " rwf AWKOC like wolves, ' luporum instar.' "
It will then be, "Milo would persuade him (^Egon) to be rabid like a
wolf;" in allusion to his going off with twenty sheep. Battus seems to
mean that Milo has no hard task to persuade one so wolf-like as

to a savage occupation.

T Virg. Eel. i. 36, Tityrus hinc aberat, &c.

8 Virg. Eel. iii. 3, Infelix, O semper oves pecus.

» Not unlike this is Pope's Past. iv. 37,

15—31. IDYLL IV. 23

Batt. l° Now of yon calf look you there is nothing but the
bones left. Does she n feed on dew-drops, like the cicada ?

Coryd. No ! by earth. Sometimes I put her to graze, near
the 12JEsarus, and give her a nice wisp of soft grass; and
at other times she frolics in the neighbourhood of shady
Latymnus.

Batt. Lean too is yon red bull? I would the members
of the 13Lamprian deme, look you, might light on such an
one, when they sacrifice to Juno : for the deme is 14 in bad
case.

Coryd. 15And yet he is driven to the salt-water lake, and
to the ground about Physcus, and to the river Neaethus, where
all beautiful plants grow, cammock, and 1G flea-bane, and
sweet -smelling baulm.

Batt. Fie, fie ! these heifers also, O wretched JEgon, will
go to Hades, since you too have become enamoured of an evil
victory ; and the pans-pipe, which you formerly put together,
is besprinkled with mould.

Coryd. 17 Nay, not it ! no, by the Nymphs : since as he was
going off for Pisa, he left it to me for a gift : and I am 18 some-
what of a minstrel. And well indeed do I play the prelude

For her the flocks refuse their verdant food ;
The thirsty heifers shun the gliding flood.
Add to these, Mosch. Idyll iii. 7 and 23.

10 Eel. iii. 102, Vix ossibus hterent.

11 Eel. v. 77, Dum rore cicadse. Compare Plin. N. H. ii. 26, Habent
in pectore fistuloso quiddam aculeatum — eo rorem lambunt, &c.

12 ^Esarus a river, and Latymnus a mountain, in that part of Italy
called Magna Graecia, near to Croton. Livy xxiv. 3.

13 Lampra was a deme at Athens. The Sicilians were fond of quiz-
zing the Athenians, ob tenuem victum. Battus wishes evil to his
enemies : a lean bull to a poor deme. For the line above, see Virg. Eel.
iii. 100, Eheu quam pingui macer est milii taurus in ervo.

14 For KaKoxpafffnov some read KaRofypdajjuav, "of evil counsel."

15 ffTop,a\ifivov. Salt-water lake. According to Casaubon on a passage
of Strabo, locum prope mare, qui ipsum mare suo ostio ingrediatur.
D. Heinsius thought a certain spot in the district of Croto, the scene of
the Idyll, was meant.

Physcus was a mountain near Croto. Neaethus, a river to the north
of Croto. Ovid Met. xv. 51, Salentinumque Neaethum.

16 Kvv^cf., i. q. Kovv£a, flea-bane, cf. vii. 68. /aXi'ma, i. q. /.ifXiatro
fioravov, apiastrum, baulm.

17 Virg. JEn. ix. 208, Equidem de te nil tale verebar : nee fas ; non.
11 r/c, aliquis insignis, uo mean minstrel. Compare Idyll xi. 79.

24 THEOCRITUS. 32—50.

to the songs of 19 Glauca, and well to those of Pyrrhus. I
celebrate Croton also : and a fair city is Zacynthus too : and
/ celebrate 20 Lacinium which looks eastward, where the boxer
jEgon devoured, all alone, eighty cheese-cakes : and there he
seized by the hoof and brought from the mountain the bull,
and gave it to Amaryllis : and the women cried out loudly,
whilst the herdsman laughed aloud.

Batt. O graceful Amaryllis, of thee alone, not even though
thou art dead, shall we be forgetful : 21 dear as are my goats
to me, so wast thou dear who hast died. Alas, alas for the
exceeding hard fate which has possessed itself of me !

Coryd. One ought to take heart, friend Battus : perchance
'twill be better to-morrow. 22 Hopes are among the living :
and the dead are beyond hope. And Jove is one while indeed
fair, whilst at another time he rains.

Batt. I take heart. 23 Drive down yon calves : for the
wretched creatures are nibbling the young shoots of the olive.
St ! away, you white-skin !

Coryd. Away, Cymaetha, to the hillock. Don't you hear
me ? I will come, yes, by Pan, and soon make a bad end to
you, if you do not get away from that ! See, she is stealing
back again thither. I would I had my crooked staff, that I
might strike thee.

Batt. Look at me, Corydon, I pray you 24 by Jove. For

19 Glauca — Pyrrhus.] The former was a Chian musician, in the time
of Ptolemy Philadelphus. The latter, a composer of melodies, and na-
tive ofErythraor Lesbos.

20 Lacinium, a promontory of the Bruttii, now Capo della Colonne.
Zacynthus, a city of the island so called, near to ^Etolia, mentioned by
Livy, xxvi. 24, now called Zante. Croton, now Cotrone.

21 The full construction would be, oaov al alyes ffiol 0/Xai tiai,
TOGOVTO oil (f>i\rj £<e, i'j a7re(T/3?;c> i- e- diriQaviq. ocrof — oo-ot; and roffoc; —
roffof stand promiscuously for tantus — quantus in the Pastoral Poets.
Propertius in a like vein says,

Tarn multa ilia meo divisa est millia lecto

Quantum Hypanis Veneto dissidet Eridano. I. xii. 3.

22 Tibullus, ii. 7, 1, 2, Credula vitam

Spes fovet, et fore eras semper ait melius.
Comp. Eurip. Troad. 628,

oil TUVTOV u> TTOI Tip /SXtirstp TO Ka.TQa.vtiv,
TO fiiv yap ovStv, TW 6' faxurin iXiriSts.

23 Drive down,] i. e. by throwing his crook among them. Cf. Horn. II
xxiii. 845. Virg. Eel. iii. 96, Tityre pascentes a flumina reice capellas.

24 By Jove.] Compare Idyll v. 74 ; xv. 70.

50—63. IDYLL IT. 25

the thorn has 25 just struck me here under the ancle : and how
deep these 2G thistles are. A plague upon the heifer. I was
wounded in gaping after her. Pray do you see it ?

Coryd. Yes, yes, and I have it in my nails : and here it is.

Batt. How slight is the wound ! and how great a man it
brings low !

Coryd. When you go to the mountain, come not unshod,
Battus : for on the mountain flourish both 27 prickly shrubs
and white thorns.

Batt. Come tell me, Corydon, does the little old man still
court that dark-eyebrowed love of his, with whom he was
formerly smitten ?

Coryd. Ay to the full, O wretch. Only lately at any
rate I myself, having come upon him, surprised him by the
fold when he was at work.

Batt. Well done, lecher ! thy race in sooth closely rivals
either the Satyrs or the thin-shanked Pans.

IDYLL V.

THE WAYFAKERS, OR COMPOSERS OF PASTORALS.

ARGUMENT.

Two hirelings, one of Eumaras, a goatherd of Sybaris, the other of a shep-
herd of Thurium, meeting each other with their flocks, mutually pro-
voke a conflict of words. At last, after many recriminations, the one
challenges the other to a contest in singing : and when they have
disputed much about the prize for the victor, and the spot for the trial,
they fetch one Morson, a woodcutter, for umpire, They engage in an

25 dpuoi, a Syracusan or Doric word : which is explained to be the
same as ajmajg or VSWCFTI.

26 drpa.KTV\\it;. Carthamus lanatus. Linnaeus.

27 Aspalathus, the rose of Jerusalem, a very prickly shrub. Rhamnus,
a kind of thorny shrub, perhaps " gorse "? "

Calpurnius Siculus had this psssage in view, when he wrote Eel. iii. 4,

Duris ego perdita ruscis

Jamdudum, et nullis dubitabam crura rubetis
Scindere.

26 THEOCRITUS. 1—13.

Amaebaean or alternate strain, in which, with no fixt subject, they
wander through various topics, supplied either by the condition of the
singers, the nature of the country and spot, the memory of the past, or
by their very anger and inclination. At last Morson adjudges the prize
to Comatas ; who, on receiving it, brags of it proudly, and promises to
offer a victim to the Nymphs. Much of this Idyll, though not to the
taste of our more refined age, is yet eminent for its poetic power and
lively colouring of rustic manners. Its scene is a glade near Sybaris
in Lower Italy. Virgil has gathered from the Idyll many of the verses,
as well as the plan, of his third Eclogue.

COJIATAS AND LACON.

Comatas. MY she-goats, shun yon shepherd of l Sybartas,
Lacon : yesterday he stole my goat-skin.

Lacon. 2 St ! Won't you be off from the fountain, my
lambkins ? Do you not spy Comatas, that lately stole my
pipe ?

Com. What sort of pipe, pray'? Why, when did you, slave
of Sybartas, get possession of a pipe? 3And why are you no
longer content to have a pipe of straw, and to hiss on it,
with Corydon ?

Lac. 'Tis one which Lycon gave me, 4 my gentleman ! but
what sort of goat-skin in the world have I, Lacon, stolen
from you and gone off with ? Tell me, Comatas : for not
even had your master Eumaras one to sleep on.

Com. That which Crocylus gave me, the spotted one, when
he had sacrificed the she-goat to the Nymphs : 5 but you, rascal,
were even then wasting yourself away with envy, 6 and now
at last you have stripped me of it.

1 We seem obliged, for sense, to adopt Hermann's reading, rovct
2u/3apra, sc. $ov\ov* For we gather from vss. 72 — 74, that Comatas, the
goatherd, was slave to Eumaras of Sybaris, and Lacon, a shepherd, slave to
Sybartas of Thurium. Both these cities were of Magna Grcecia, in the
south of Italy.

2 OVK airb. See verse 102. Aristoph. Acharn. 864. 01 ff0i)i«f OVK dirb
Tiiiv Qvpwv.

3 Yirg. Eel. iii. 25, Non tu in triviis, inclocte, solebas

Strident! miserum stipula disperdere carmen.
Whence in Milton's Lycidas —

Their lean and flashy songs,
Grate on their scrannel pipes of wretched straw.

4 Si t\fv&f(>E seems to be spoken ironically, a retort called forth by
Comatas, who had called Lacon £<t>\t.

5 "Virg. Eel. iii. 14, Et cum vidisti puero donata dolebas.

6 fSaffKaivwv, envying, (from /3a'cr*:a* or /3a'£w,) the verb signifies —

14—31. IDYLL V. 27

Lac. Nay, in truth, nay, by Pan who frequents the shore,
I, Lacon, the son of 7Calo3this, have not robbed you, at any
rate of your goat-skin : or else, my man, may I leap down
yon rock madly into the Crathis.8

Com. No, in truth, no, by these Nymphs of the marsh, my
good sir : and may they be both propitious and benevolent to
me ! I, Comatas, did not secretly steal your pipe.

Lac. Could I believe you, I would undertake the sorrows
of Daphnis. But however, if you choose to stake a kid, 9 (for
'tis nothing wonderful !) why then I will go on contending
with you in song, until you shall have cried " enough."

Com. 10 The sow strove a strife with Minerva ! See, there
lies the kid : n but come, do you match against it the well-fed
lamb.

Lac. And pray how, thou shameface ; will these terms be
fair between us ? Whoever sheared for himself hair instead
of wool ? and who, when a goat that has borne her first young
is at hand, 12 prefers to milk a filthy bitch ?

Com. Whosoever is confident, as you are, that he shall
surpass his neighbour, a buzzing wasp against a cicala. But
however the kid is no equal stake to thee : do you contend ;
for lo, here is the he-goat.

Lac. Be in no hurry : 13for you are not scorched by fire :

1st, to slander ; 2nd, to bewitch, fascinare, in which sense it is used at
Theocr. vi. 39, and at St. Paul's Ep. to Galat. Hi. 1 ; and, 3rd, to envy.

7 6 Ka\ai9tSog. This naming of his mother instead of his father, seems
to mark the low rank of this slave.

8 KpdOiv, a river of Magna Grsecia, flowing near Sybaris, and having
a temple of Pan near its banks. ^Eschyl. (Pers. 454, Blomf.) shows that
Pan was wont to haunt the shores.

9 Est quidem nihil magnum cantu te vincere. A proverb arising, so
says the Scholiast, from Hercules's scorn at finding worship paid to
Adonis at Dium of Macedonia. " A cat may look at a king," is some-
thing similar.

10 A proverb significative of a contest between the wise and foolish.
Such comparisons occur at Idyll i. 136 ; v. 136. Virg. Eel. ix. 36,
Argutos inter strepere anser olores. Cf. Eel. viii. 55.

11 tptidc, the regular Greek word, for staking any prize, which the La-
tins call " deponere." See Virg. Eel. iii. 31 ; ix. 62, Hie haedos depone.

12 SifiiTai, a Doric form for fioitXtrat. ArjXiaQai, 9i\ttv, j3ov\ia9at.
Hesychius. Two lines above we have adopted Wordsworth's reading,
<1 sivaSof av —

13 A proverb dissuasive of hurry ; for the next verse, compare Virg.
Eel. x. 42, 43,

2& THEOCRITUS. 31—46.

you will sing more sweetly, when you have taken your seat
here under the wild olive and these groves : there cool water
flows down : here springs herbage, and here is a bed of grass,
and the locusts chirp here.14

Com. Nay, I do not hurry at all ! but I am greatly annoy-
ed, since you, whom once, when you were yet a boy, I used
to teach, dare now to look me l5 straight in the face. See to
what the favour comes ! Rear even wolf's 16 whelps, rear dogs,
that they may eat you.

Lac. And when do I remember to have learned or even
heard from you aught good, O you envious and absolutely
disgraceful mannikin ?

Com. 17 **********

********

Lac. ******

But however come, come hither, and you shall sing pas-
torals for the last time ?

Com. '8 1 will not approach thither ! here are oaks : here
is ' galingale :' 19 here bees buzz sweetly at their hives. Here

Hie gelidi fontes, hie mollia prata, Lycori,

Hie nemus.
Compare Calpurnius, Eel. i. 8, &c.,

Hoc potius, frater Corydon, nemus, ista petamus

Antra patris Fauni, graciles ubi pinca densat

Silva comas.

For Kai raXata, Wordsworth reads neatly KCLTT' avBea, under the flower-
ing shrubs.

14 aicpiStG, the locusts, whatever they were, are constantly mentioned
by Theocritus in terms of praise for their song.

15 Cf. Horat. i. 3, 18, Qui siccis oculis monstra natantia, &c.

16 For a most graphic illustration of this sentiment, compare ^Esch.
Agamemnon, 717 — 734, Dindorf. Compare too St. Matth. vii. 6,
" Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them un-
der their feet, and turn again and rend you."

17 Sensu obscceno.

Com. Quum pnedicabam te tuque dolebas — capellac autem

Istae balabant ; et caper eas terebrabat.
Lac. Ne profundius ilia paedicatione, O gibbose, sepeliaris.
IS KVTTIIQOQ, a sweet-smelling marsh plant, probably ' galingal.' Horn.
Hymn to Merc. 107.

19 Virg. Eclog. vii. 13. Eque sacra resonant examina quercu.
Chapman has enriched his notes to his admirable translation with many
gems of English poetry ; and in no place more so than on this passage,
upon which he quotes Ben Jonson's Faithful Shepherdess ; and Shak-

47—72. IDYLL V. 29

are two fountains of cool water, and the birds on the trees are
chirping : and the shade is nowise like that with you : but the
pine also showers down cones from above.

Lac. 20 In good truth here you shall tread upon lamb-skins
and wool, if you shall have come, softer than slumber : where-
as the goat-skins that are beside you smell stronger than even
you smell : 21 and I will set up a great bowl of white milk in
honour of the Nymphs : and I will set also another of sweet oil.

Com. But if you shall come, too, here you shall tread soft
fern, and flowering 22 penny-royal : and underneath shall be
skins of kids, four times as soft as your lambs. And I will
set up to Pan eight pails of milk, and eight bowls of honey
having full combs.

Lac. Contend with me there : and there sing your pastoral.
Treading your own ground keep to the oaks. 23 But who, who
shall judge us? Would that by hap the herdsman Lycopas
would come hither.

Com. I want nothing of him. But if you will, we will call
in the oak-cutter who is gathering the heather there beside
you. And it is Morson.

Lac. Let us shout.

Com. Call you him.

Lac. Come, friend, come hither and listen a little, for we
are contending which is the better pastoral minstrel. But do
not you, good Morson, either decide on me by favour, nor on
the other hand, help this man as far as you are concerned.

Com. Yes, by the Nymphs, dear Morson, neither assign the
advantage to Comatas : nor do you for your part favour this
man here. This, look you, is the flock of Sybartas of Thu-

speare's Midsummer Night's Dream ; and the Merchant of Venice, act T.
sc. 1. These will requite a reference.

20 Compare Idyll xv. 125, iroptyvptoiSt rdm^TtQ aria, /laXaswrtpoi
virvu. Virg. Eel. vii. 45, Somno mollior herba. Pope, seemingly
borrowing from Antipater, has the line,

" The sleepy eye that told the melting soul."

21 Compare Virg. Eel. v. 67, Craterasque duo statuam tibi pinguis
olivi.

22 yXd^wi/, pulegium, 'penny-royal.' Polwhele translates it the
horned-poppy.

23 Virg. Eel. iii. 50, Audiat hasc tantum vel qui venit, ecce Paluemon.
And ibid. 53, Tantum, \ieine Paltemon,

Sensibus hsec imis, res est non parva, reponas.

30 THEOCRITUS. 73—85.

rium, and you see, friend, the goats of Eumaras, the Sy-
barite.

Lac. Did any one ask you, by Jove, whether 'tis the flock
of Sybartas or my own, most worthless fellow ? how babbling
you are !

Com. My most worthy sir, I indeed am declaring the
whole truth, and am not bragging at all : but you are too
fond of jeering.

Lac. 24 Come, say on, if you have aught to say ! and let
the stranger off 25 again with his life to the city. O Paean,
surely thou wert a talkative fellow, Comatas !

Com. 2G The Muses love me far more than the minstrel
Daphnis : and I sacrificed to them two kids but very lately.

Lac. Well ! Apollo loves me greatly : and I am feeding a
fine ram for him. But the 27 Carneian festival is even now
coming on.

Com. I am milking the rest of the she-goats with twins
except two : and the damsel beholding me says, Wretched
man, do you milk by yourself ?

34 Xeytiv here signifies " canere," as " dicere " often among the Latin
poets. Dicite, quandoquidem in molli consedimus herbft, "Virg. Eel. iii.
55. For the like form of speech, see "Virg. Eel. iii. 52, Quin age, si-
quid habes.

25 Z,(J>VT «0£C. a -proverb relating to garrulous persons. Plautus. Miles
gloriosus, iv. 2, 29, Jamjam sat, amabo, est, sinite abeam, si possum
viva a vobis.

28 " Of these Ameebaeic songs as existing a century before Theocritus,
Livy has left a remarkable notice, in which he shows that they were
produced extemporaneously by the respective candidates, the art being
evidently of Tuscan origin. Liv. vii. 401, Imitari deinde eos juventus
simul inconditis inter se jocularia fundentes versibus coepere. Incom-
positum temere ae rudem alternis jaciebant." E. Pococke on Gr. Pas-
toral Poetry, in the Encyclopaedia Metropolit. All nations seem to have
known this custom ; something of a very similar nature forms, I be-
lieve, a portion of the Welsh Eisteddvods.

* Virg. Eel. iii. 62,

Et me Phoebus amat : Pheebo sua semper apud me
Munera sunt.

The Carneian festival was observed by the Spartans and Doric race in
early winter, on the 7th day of the month, (-thence called Carneian,) in
honour of Apollo, whose priest Carnus was slain by Aletas, one of
the Heraclids. Vid. Callimach. H. in Apollinem, 71, 78, 85.
TH p' 4)fapti, fiiya. $oi/3os, O'TE <£<0<7TjjpEs "Ki/uous
' A.vipt s wo^iiiravTO fit-ra £av6i]<ri AL/ivcrtnjg
TkOfMui tuTt tr<f)Lv Hapvtiaoes ii\vQov clipai.
See Spanheim, at that passage,

86—109. IDYLL V. 31

Lac. Alas, alas, Lacon fills, look you, nearly twenty baskets
with cheese : and caresses the beardless boy amid the flowers.

Com. 28Clearista too pelts the goatherd with apples, as he
drives his goats past : and cries ' hist ' after a sweet fashion.

Lac. Why me too the shepherd, smooth Cratidas, maddens,
as he meets me : 29and about his neck waves glossy hair.

Com. But 30 sweet brier and anemone are not to be com-
pared with roses, beds of which grow beside the hedge-rows.

Lac. Why no, nor are wild-apples with acorns. The latter
indeed have a thin soft bark from the holm-oak ; but the for-
mer are sweet as honey.

Com. And I indeed will give presently to the maiden a
ring-dove, having taken it from the juniper — for there it
broods.

Lac. 31But I will present to Cratidas, myself, a soft-fleece
for a cloak, whensoever I shall have shorn the dusky sheep.

Com. St ! Off from yon wild olive, ye bleating ones : feed
here, at this sloping hillock, where the tamarisks are.

Lac. Won't you be off there from the oak, you, Comarus !
and you, Cynastha ? Ye shall feed here to the east, as Pha-
larus does.

Com. But I have a pail of cypress-wood, and I have a gob-
let, the work of Praxiteles : and I am keeping these for my
maiden.

Lac. And I have a dog fond of the flock, which throttles the
wolves : and I am keeping him for the lad, to chase all wild
beasts.

Com. Ye locusts, that overleap my fence, do not spoil my
vines, 32for they are young.

28 Apples were sacred to Venus, Idyll iii. 40. Virg. copies this pas-
sage, Eel. iii. 64, Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella.

-9 Horut. III. xx. 14, Sparsum odoratis humerum capillis. In the
preceding line, Wordsworth suggests a^io£ for Xfio£, comparing Virg.
Eel. i. 56.

30 Kt')'6<T/3aroe, dog-thorn, ruhus caninus, L. and S.

31 Virg. Eel. iii. 68, 69,

Parta meae Veneri sunt munera : namque notavi,
Ipse locum, aeriae quo congessere palumbes.
Sheustone, — I have found out a gift for my fair,

I have found where the wood-pigeons breed.

32 a/3ai, h. e. jjfiwaai Kal aKfid^oVaai. Virg. Georg. iii. 126, Pubentes
herbne. Wordsw. would read w/iai, unripe. Cf. Theocr. xi. 21, ufi(paKO£

32 THEOCRITUS. 110—126.

Lac. Ye cicalas, see how I vex the goatherd ! So ye too,
in truth, vex the reapers.

Com. I hate the bush-tailed foxes, which are ever going
and 33 gathering the grapes of Micon at evening.

Lac. And so do I hate the may-bugs, which devour the
figs of Philondas, and are borne off with the wind.

Com. Don't you remember when I beat you, and you,
showing your teeth, 34 wriggled famously, and clung to you
oak ?

Lac. This indeed I do not recollect ! When however once
upon a time Eumaras bound you here, and 35 dusted your
jacket, that at all events I know very well.

Com. At length, Morson, some one is growing angry :
Have you not slightly perceived it ? Go and pluck old squills
forthwith from the tomb.

Lac. I too, Morson, am vexing some one! ay, and you
perceive it. Go then to 36the Hales, and dig up the sow-
bread.

Com. May the 37 Himera flow with milk instead of water !
and mayest thou too, Crathis, grow purple with wine ! M and
may the yellow-water cresses, look you, bear fruit !

Lac. And for my sake may the fountain of Sybaris flow

33 payiaSovTai, gather grapes, from pa'?, a grape. In the following
verses, the one seems to hint at the other's thievish propensities.

34 tv iroTtKiyieXioSfv, Dor. for irpoaiKi-/K\i£ov, from 7rpo<7i«yKXi£a>, to
move to and fro, and wag the tail at, from Ki'y/eXoe, a wagtail.

35 sKa0f/p£, " purgavit te," a metaphor to which Plautus, Menaechm. 915,
has a parallel, i. e. Pecte pugnis, " dress 'em well with your fists." Cf.
Terent. Heaut. v. i. 78, depexum. Plaut. Capt. 823, Fusti pectito.
Paenul. 227, Ne tu hunc pugnis pectas. Rud. 564, Leno pugnis
pectitur — TrXvvuv, viirrtiv, ffpj\tiv, XETTIIV, are similar euphemisms for
giving a man a beating.

36 Hales, a river of Lucania in Italy. tcvKhdpivoG, cyclamen or sow-
bread, a tuberous-rooted plant with a fragrant flower used in garlands.
(Liddell and Scott.) It appears to have been used to cure madness.

37 'I^tpa, a river in the west of Sicily (now Fiume di Termini).
Crathis, a river of Lucania, flowing into the Gulf of Tarentum, near the
town of Sybaris. Compare Eurip. Bacch. 142, ptl £e yaXaicri iriSov.
Add Ovid. Met. I. in.,

Flumina jam lactis, jam flumina nectaris ibant,
Flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mella.
And Numbers xvi. 13, " A land flowing with milk and honey."

ptirw yaXa. Several intransitive verbs are used by poets as transitive,
with an accusative of the object. Math. Gr. Gr. § 423. Eurip. Hec. 531.
3S Virg. Eel. iii. 89, Mella fluant illi, ferat et rubus asper amomum.

126—148. IDYLL V. 33

with honey ! and, towards dawn, may the maiden in her
pitcher 39 draw combs instead of water !

Com. My goats indeed eat hadder and aegilus, and tread on
mastich-twigs, and lie among arbute-trees !

Lac. But my sheep have at hand baulm to browse, and the
wild eglantine, too, blooms in abundance, like roses.

Com. I love not Alcippe, for but lately she did not kiss me,
having caught me 40 by the ears ; what time I gave her the
ring-dove.

Lac. But I love Eumedes vastly : for when I held out the
pipe to him, he kissed me in a very sweet manner.

Com. 'Tis not right, Lacon, that jays should contend with
a nightingale, or 41 hoopoos with the swans : but you, wretch-
ed man, are prone to strife.

Morson. I bid the shepherd cease ! And to thee, Comatas,
Morson presents the lamb : and so do you sacrifice to the
Nymphs, and presently send a fine portion of meat to Morson.

Com. I will send it, yes, by Pan. Wanton now, all my
herd of he-goats ! For see how great is the laugh that I also
shah1 raise against this Lacon the shepherd, 42 because at last
I have gained the lamb : I will leap for you to heaven. Be
of good cheer, my horned she-goats : 43 to-morrow I will wash
you all in the fountain of Sybaris. You, sir, the white goat,
44 that butt-with-the-horn, if you molest any of the she goats, I
will beat you, yes, before I sacrifice the ewe-lamb to the

39 /3ai|/ai, " to dip," here used for "to draw," apvffaaOai. Eurip. Hipp.
121, fiaTrrdv Traydv. Eurip. Hecub. 605, j3di^aar' ti'tyKi Stvpo TTOVTICIQ
tt\6f. Four lines below this Wordsw. would read for w£ pufa (doroc,
K. r. \., TroXXoe Be fldruv f>6Sa KIGOOG tTravQil. Hedera corymbos
fundit super ruborum rosas.

40 A kiss, which Suidas calls ^vrpov, (the pot,) when the person was
taken by both ears, is meant in this verse. It was afterwards called the
Florentine. Tibullus mentions it, ii. 5, 92,

Gnatusque parent!
Oscula comprensis auribus eripiet.

So Plaut. Paenul., Sine te exorem, sine te prendam auriculis, sine dem
suavium.

11 Virg. Eel. viii. 55, Certent et cycnis ululae

4a ai'vaafiav rbv a/^vov, mihi confeci, lucratus sum. Idyll xviii. 17,
WQ d.vvaaio, ut (nuptias) consequerere. Cf. Aristoph. Pint. 196. Add.
Propert. I. viii. 43, Nunc mihi summa licet contingere sidera plantis.
13 Virg. Eel. iii., Ipse, ubi tempus erit, omnes in fonte lavabo.

41 6 KopviTTiXof;, comupeta. Eel. ix. 25, Cornu ferit ille.

34 THEOCRITUS. 149, 150.

Nymphs. Yet he is at it again. Well, may I become 45Melan-
thius, instead of Comatas, if I don't beat you.

IDYLL VI.

THE SINGEES OF PASTORALS.

ARGUMENT.

Damaetas and Daphnis, having driven their herds to water, while away
the time in Amsebaean strains. The youths picture Polyphemus seated
on a rock overlooking the sea ; and Galatea, his love, on the other hand,
sporting in the waves at no great distance from the shore. Daphnis
begins, directing his song to the Cyclops : and Damsetas responds un-
der the character of Polyphemus. The performance is ended by mu-
tual presents between the swains. The Idyll is commended by the
manner in which the character and temper of the Cyclops is shadowed
forth. Its subject is the same as that of Idyll xi. Compare also
Moschus, Idyll iii. 59—63.

DAMAETAS and Daphnis, the herdsman, once drove the herd
to one spot, 1 0 Aratus : now one of them was reddish in
beard, and the other had but half a one : and both of them,
taking their seats at a certain fountain, in summer-time at
mid-day, began to sing as follows. And Daphnis struck up
first, since he too was first to challenge.

Daphnis. 2 Galatea, O Polyphemus, pelts your flock with
apples, calling you the goat -herd inaccessible-to-love : and
you do not regard her, wretched, wretched man, but sit play-
ing sweetly on your pipe. See again, she is pelting the bitch,

45 Melanthius, a suitor of Penelope, whose punishment by order of
Ulysses is recorded by Homer, Odyss. xxii. 474 — 477.

1 Aratus. This was the author of the Phsenomena, a friend of our poet,
and a native of Cilicia. He is the poet whom St. Paul quotes, Acts
xvii. 28, ToD yap icai -y'tvog (fffttv. He is again mentioned Idyll vii.
98, 102, 122. See Virg. Eel. vii. 2, Compulerantque greges Corydon
et Thyrsis in unum. Also Eel. vii. 47.

Pope Past. ii. 84, 85,

But see the shepherds shun the noon-day heat,
The lowing herds to murmuring brooks retreat.

* Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella. Virg. Eel. iii. 64.

10—28. IDYLL VI. 35

which follows you as sheep-watch : but it is barking, looking
toward the sea ; and the fair waves, as they gently plash,
3 show it running on the shore. Take care, lest it rush
against the legs of the damsel, as she comes forth from the
brine, and tear her beauteous flesh. Yet she, even on the
spur of the moment, coquets, like the dried down from a
thistle, when the fine summer parches: and 4she flies you,
if you love her, and if you love her not, pursues you ; and
5 moves the stone from the line : for surely, Polyphemus, oft-
times to love what is not fair, seems fair.

And after him Dama3tas struck up to sing sweetly.

Damcetas. I saw her, yes, by Pan, when she was pelting my
flock, and she escaped not my notice, no, by my one sweet eye,
with which I look till the end of my days ; 6but may the pro-
phet, Telemus, declaring hostile things, 7 carry off" to his
home what is hostile, that he may lay it up for his children.
However, I myself too, attempting to vex her, do not regard
her in turn ; but say, that some other woman possesses me :
and she, when she hears it, is jealous of me, O Paean, and pines
away : 8 and she runs wild, peering forth from the sea toward

Compare Hippol. Eurip. 1210, Tripi£ aippbv TTO\VV
Kax\dov. KayXa&iv, according to the Scholiast, is the same as ^otpiiv,
to plash against the pebbles of the beach.

4 Terence has a similar notion of the coquettishness of woman-kind.
Eunuch, iv. 7, 43, Nolunt ubi relis : ubi nolis, cupiunt ultro. Compare
B. Jonson, " Follow a shadow, it still flies ye," as quoted by Chapman.

5 ypafi^r], was a mid-line on a board, like our draught-board, also
called rj Upa, Hence the proverb rbv OTTO ypa/z/ijjc Ktvtiv \lQov, to
more one's man from this line, " to try one's last chance." (Liddell and
Scott, Lex.) The meaning is, " She confounds the law of love, that it
be reciprocated." t) yap tpwn. So Horat. Serm. I. iii. 38,

Illuc praevertamur, amatorem quod amicse
Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia, aut etiam ipsa haec
Delectant.

6 Telemus, son of Eurymus, had predicted to Polyphemus, whose
character Damoetas here sustains, that Ulysses would rob him of his
single eye. Compare Odyss. ix. 509. Ov. Met. xiii. 772, 773,

Telemus Eurymides quern nulla fefellerat ales
Terribilem Polyphemon adit : lumenque, quod unum
Fronte geris media, rapiet tibi, dixit, Ulysses.

7 Similar imprecations occur Horn. Od. ii. 178. Virg. JEn. xi. 399,
Capiti cane talia, demens, Dardanio rebusque tuis. Horn. II. i. 10(5 — 108.
2 Chron. xviii. 7.

8 She runs wild.] o/orptl. Maddened as by a gad-fly. Comp. Eur

D 2

36 THEOCRITUS. 28—46.

my caves, and toward my flocks. And I bade my dog
bark at her : for when I was enamoured of her, it used to
whine, keeping its nose to her hips. Now perhaps when she
sees me doing this frequently, she will send a messenger.
But I shall shut my doors, until she shall have sworn that she
will herself strew for me a beautiful couch 9on this island.
For 10in truth neither have I so ugly a form as they say /
have. For surely but lately I was looking into the sea (and
it was a calm) : and beautiful indeed my beard, and beautiful
my solitary eyeball, (as it has been determined by my judg-
ment,) appeared ; n and it reflected a brightness of teeth,
whiter than Parian marble. And that I might not be be-
witched, 12 I spat thrice upon my breast : for thus the old
woman 13 Cotyttaris instructed me to do, who of late used to
sing to the reapers in the fields of Hippocoon.

Having sung thus much, Damastas kissed Daphnis ; and
the latter gave the former a pipe, and he a beautiful flute to
the latter. Damastas was playing the flute, and the herdsman
Daphnis the pipes. Forthwith the calves were leaping on
soft herbage. However neither one conquered, but they were
unsurpassed.

Iph. Aul. 77, 'O £t Kaf)' 'E\\n&' oio-r/oiio-as. In the next line, for <rTya
we may adopt with Briggs and "Wordsworth tiTra.

9 This island, i. e. Sicily,

10 Virg. Eel. ii. 25,

Nee sum adeo informis, nuper me in littore vidi
Cum placidum ventis staret mare : non ego Daphnim
Judice te metuam, si nunquam fallit imago.
Compare Ov. Met. xiii. 840,

Jam, Galatea, veni nee munera despice nostra,
Certe ego me novi, liquidseque in imagine vidi —
Nuper aqua; : placuitque mihi mea forma videnti.

11 Horat. i. 19, 5, Urit me Glycerse nitor

Splendentis Pario marmore puriiis.

11 I spat thrice.] Compare with this, Idyll ii. 43—62; vii. 127. Tibull.
I. ii. 100, Despuit in molles et sibi quisque sinus. Add Idyll xx. 12.

13 Some suppose Cotyttaris to be the old woman's name, whilst others
refer it to the orgies of the goddess Cotytto, and the witches connected
therewith. See Hor. Epod. xvii. 56,

Inultus ut tu riseris Cotyttia
Vulgata, sacrum liberi cupidinis.

14 ov S' oXXoc., here the same with ovS' ertpoQ. rbv a\\ov for rbv
trtpoi', occurs in Idyll xxiv. 61. For a parallel to the verse see Virgil,
Eel. iii. 108. Non nostrum est tantas componere lites

Et vituta tu dignus, et hie.

IDYLL VII.

THE THALYSIA.
ARGUMENT.

In this Idyll, one Simichidas is represented describing a celebration of
the festival in honour of Demeter after harvest, in which he himself
and some friends had been engaged at the house of Phrasidamus and
Antigenes, on the banks of the Hales. The former part of the Idyll
is a narration of the journey to the feast ; the latter, a description of
the feast itself. On their road, Simichidas and his friends fall in with
a goatherd, Lycidas, of great poetic talent, whom they invite to while
the length of the way by his song. He accordingly sings his love for
the boy Ageanax. After which, Simichidas in turn celebrates the pas-
sion of Aratus for the lad Philinus. The songs being ended, Lycidas
presents Simichidas with a crook, and turns off on another route. The
rest go forward to their proposed destination, where beside the mur-
muring fountain, in a most delightful spot, they indulge in wine and
good cheer. The scene, according to the Scholiast, is laid in Cos ;
though Heinsius maintains that Sicily is represented. Theocritus is
known to have stayed some time at Cos to hear Philetas, which
makes for the Scholiast's view. It has been supposed that the poet
describes himself under the character of Simichidas, and a Cydonian
poet of his own day under the name of Lycidas. Virgil has planned
his ninth Eclogue somewhat on the model of this Idyll.

1 IT was the time when I and Eucritus were sauntering from
the city to the Hales, and with us a third, Amjntas. For to
Ceres both Thrasidamus and Antigenes, two sons of Lycopeus,
were preparing the Thalysia ; worthy men, if aught is worthy
that springs from the good men of old, being descended both
from 2 Clytia and Chalcon himself ; 3he who by his foot raised
the fountain Burinna, having planted strongly his knee against

1 The festival to which our travellers were going, was one to Ceres, or
Demeter, held in autumn after harvest, to thank her for her benefits to
man. Compare Callimach. Hymn to Demeter, 20. Horn. II. ix. 529.

The scene lies in Cos. Hales was a river of the island ; and the city
mentioned, vs. 2, was the chief city of the island, also named Cos.

2 Clytia and Chalcon. J Clytia was the daughter of Merops, wife of
Eurypylus, (who is mentioned by Homer, Iliad ii. 677,) king of Cos,
and the mother of Chalcon. Scholiast. For ii ri Trep ta6\bi>, see Ovid.
Amor. iii. El. xv. Si quid id est, usque a proavis vetus ordinis haeres.

3 Geiiu fortiter in rupem innixus pedis ictu fontem excitavit. Val-
kenaer. I* iroSog, ictu pedis, cf. Biou. iv. 2.

38 THEOCRITUS. 8—24.

the rock : and beside it, 4the poplars and elms were yielding
a grove of shade, 5 overhanging, as they waved, with green
foliage.

6 Nor yet had we finished half our way, nor did the tomb
of Brasilas yet come in sight to us, when we fell in with
a wayfarer, 7a favourite with the Muses, a man of Cydon,
whose name was Lycidas ; he was a goatherd, nor could
any one that looked upon him have mistaken him, for he was
exceedingly like a goatherd. For on his shoulders he wore a
8 tawny skin of a shaggy thick-haired goat, smelling of new
rennet : an old cloak was fastened by a broad belt about his
breast ; whilst in his right hand he held a crooked club of
wild-olive : and grinning, he said to me softly with a smiling
eye (and laughter played upon his lip) : 9 ' Simichidas, where,
prythee, art thou dragging thy steps at mid-day ? when in
sooth even 10the green lizard sleeps on the fences, and the
crested larks roam not abroad ? Art invited and hastening

4 Horat. i. 21, 5, Vos laetam fluviis, et nemorum coma, &c.

5 ./En. i. 164, Silvis scena coruscis

Desuper, horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra.
Eel. ix. 41, Hie Candida populus antro

Imminet, et lentne texunt umbracula vitcs.

6 Compare Virg. Eel. ix. 59,

Hinc adeo nobis media est via ; namque sepulchrum

Iiicipit apparere Bianoris.
And see Theocr. Idyll i. 125, 126.

1 ovv Moiffaiffi iaQXbv. Beneficio Musarum bonum. Compare Idyll
ii. 28, avv Saipovi. A Cydonian. Cydon was a city of Crete, whence
Lycidas is supposed to have come.

8 Virgil in his " Moretum," vs. 22, has " Cinctus villosse tergore
caprae." Ovid. Met. ii. 680,

Illud erat tempus, quo te pastorea pellis
Texit, onusque fuit dextra silvestris oliva.

9 Simichidas.] A patronymic which seems to have been used without
any change for father and son alike. Theocritus is said to have been the
son of Simichus or Simichidas, and to have called himself Simichidas
patronymically. Amyntas and Amyntichus, in this Idyll, stand for one
and the same person, and there is clearly some ground for supposing the
patronymic was used by both father and son. But the obscurity may be
solved by supposing, as we may safely do, that Simichidas is a feigned
name, like Virgil's Tityrus.

10 aavpOG- Vid. Idyll ii. 58. Comp. Virg. Eel. ii. 9, Nunc virides
etiam occultant spineta lacertos. Nemesian. iv. 38,

Toto non squamea tractu
Signat humum serpens.

25 — 45. IDYLL VII. 39

to a banquet ? or art for storming the wine- vats of some cit ?
since as thou footest it along, every stone rings, as it strikes
against nthy half-boots.' Then I answered him, 'Friend
Lycidas, all say you are a piper greatly distinguished both
among herdsmen and among reapers : which in truth vastly
delights my mind ; yet in my fancy, I hope to rival you.
Now this is our way to the 12 Thalysia : for our friends
in sooth are making a feast to Demeter of the beautiful
robe, offering the first-fruits of their abundance : since for
them, in very bounteous measure, the goddess hath piled the
threshing-floor 13 with barley. But come now, (for our road
is in common, and the day is alike ours,) let us sing pas-
torals ; perhaps the one will gratify the other. For I u too
am a clear voice of the Muses, and all men call me an ex-
cellent minstrel ; but I am one not of easy persuasion. No !
by earth ! for not yet, to my own fancy, do I surpass in
singing either the good 15 Sicelidas from Samos, or Philetas,
but strive with them, like a frog among locusts.'

So spake I, on purpose : but the goatherd smiling plea-
santly, ' I give you this 16 club,' quoth he, ' because you are a
scion of Jove, fashioned altogether for sincerity. 17 For as the
architect is odious to me, who attempts to build a house

11 apf3v\i(;, a half-boot used by hunters and rustics. jEschyl. Ag. 944»
viral TIC; ap(3v\ac Avoi. Euripides calls it Mycenaean.

12 Compare Horn. II. ix. 529,

Kal yap, Toiai KCLKOV XpucroSpoyos "ApTE/uts u>p<r£
X'wcra^uii')), OT' ol OVTI BaXi'icrta yovvia aXaijJs
OiVsus /off') «XXoi <$E Of 01 daivvvO' £KaTO/u/3«s.

13 The construction is d &ai[j.u>v avfirXnpwmv d\tadv (OXTTS sii/ai,) iuKpi6oi>,
(so that it should be,) full of barley. Cf. Virg. Georg. i. 49, Illius im-
mensiE ruperunt horrea messes. In the next line aaig is used for rj/jepa,
as in Bion. vi. 18. J. Wordsworth quotes at this passage the Excursion,
Book iii. p. 109,

With hearts at ease, and knowledge in our hearts,
That all the day and all the grove was ours.

14 Virg. Eel. ix. 32 — 36, Et me fecere poetam

Pierides : sunt et mihi carmina : me quoque yatem
Dicunt pastores, sed ego non credulus illis.
Nam neque adhuc Varo videor, nee dicere CinnS,
Digna, sed argutos inter strepere anser olores.

15 Sicelidas, or Asclepiades, a poet of Samos. Philetas, an Elegiac
poet of Cos, under whom Theocritus studied. His date is about 290 B. C.

16 Virg. Eel. v. 88, At tu sume pedum. Such meeds of song and ex-
temporized gifts are common among pastoral poets and their swains.

17 See an opposite idea, Idyll xv. 49, tg airara^ KtKpoTijftivoi avdpfc.

40 THEOCRITUS. 46— G6.

equal to the top of Mount 18Oromedon, so are birds of the
Muses, as many as, crowing against the Chian minstrel, toil to
no purpose. But come, let us commence at once the pastoral
strain, Simichidas : as I will — see now, friend, if this ditty,
which I erst finished off on the mountain, suits your taste.'

' Ageanax shall have a fair voyage to Mitylene, when the
south wind chases the moist waves 19 in the season of the Kids
at-their-setting, and when 20 Orion rests his feet on the ocean,
if haply he shall have rescued Lycidas scorched by Aphro-
dite : for ardent love of him consumes me. And halcyons shall
21 smooth the waves, and the sea, and the south-west wind,
and the south-east, which stirs the remotest seaweeds : hal-
cyons, which have been beloved most of birds, whose prey is
on the sea, by the green Nereids. May all things be season-
able to Ageanax, seeking a fair wind for Mitylene : and may
he reach the harbour after a favourable voyage. 22 And I, on
that day, crowning my head with a chaplet of dill, or of roses,
or even of white 23 violets, will drain from the bowl the 24Pte-
leatic wine, as I recline beside the fire : and one shall roast

18 Oromedon, a mountain in Cos. Hermann says a giant. Cf. Propert.
iii. 9, 48. The verses (45— 48) mean nothing less than"I hate quacks."
Theocritus compares vain boasters to architects trying to overtop the
mountains, and poets (^loirsav opvi^fc) labouring to equal Homer, wf
in line 45 is "nam." Kal TIKTWV — Kal opvi%tc are the same as we. riicruv
ovrwc opvixts.

19 The Kids.] The time indicated was probably December. Virg.
JEn. ix. GG8, Quantus ab occasu veniens pluvialibus hsedis

Verberat imber humum.

20 Orion, a constellation whose setting was attended with violent storms
at the end of autumn, the time of the equinoctial gales. Horat. Od. i.
28, 21, Devexi rapidus comes Orionis. Comp. Virg. yEn. i. 535; iii.
517; iv. 52.

21 Virg. Eel. ix. 57, Et nunc tibi stratum silet sequor. According to
the Scholiast, the sea is calm in winter fourteen days : seven before the
halcyon produces her eggs, and seven more while she sits on them, float-
ing in the nest on the surface of the sea.

22 tvirXoog (Graef. Schoef. Kiessl.) seems far preferable to finr\oov,
since the word refers rather to the sailor than to the port to which he
sails.

13 Virg. Eel. ii. 47, Pallentes violas.

24 Pteleatic wine.] So called from Ptelea, a place in Cos. Virgil
imitates this passage, Eel. v. 09,

Et multo imprimis hilarans convivia Baccho
Ante focum, si frigus erit, si messis, in umbra
Vina novum fundam calathis Ariusia nectar.

60—86. IDYLL VII. 41

me a bean in the flame, and the bed of leaves shall be covered-
thickly elbow-deep with flea-bane, and asphodel and curling
parsley. 25 Then freely will I drink, in memory of Ageanax,
pressing my lip to the very cup even to the dregs. 20 And
there shall pipe for me two shepherds, one an Acharnian, and
one from Lycope : and near them Tityrus shall sing, how once
the herdsman Daphnis loved the foreign maid, and how he
traversed the mountain, and how the oaks bewailed him which
grow beside the banks of the river 27 Himeras : when he wasted
away, as any snow on lofty Hasmus, or Athos, or Rhodope, or
remotest Caucasus : he shall sing too how once a wide chest
received the goatherd yet living, 28 through the baneful vio-
lence of his master ; and how the flat-nosed bees coming from
the meadows to the sweet cedar, were wont to feed him on
soft flowers, because the Muses had poured down his throat
pleasant nectar. O fortunate Comatas, thou in sooth hast
experienced these delights, and thou hast been enclosed in a
chest, and thou, being fed on the combs of bees, 29hast com-
pleted the spring of the year. 30 Would that in my day
thou hadst been numbered among the living, since I would

25 juaXctKuJc., carelessly, easily. Scholiast.

2s Virg. Eel. v. 72, Cantabunt mihi Damaetas et Lyctius ^gon.
'Axapvtvc;. Attic, from the deme so called. An/cacriraj. ^Etolian,
from a city named Lycope.

27 Himeras. Compare Idyll v. 124. Hsemus, Athos, Rhodope, moun-
tains of Thrace. Caucasus, the eastern barrier of Asia Minor. For the
sentiment, see Callimach. H. to Ceres, 92. 'Qc, St Mifiavn xl'*iv> &c-
And Job xxiv. 19, "Drought and heat consume the snow waters: so
doth the grave those that have sinned." Ovid. Ep. ex Pont. I. i. 67,

Nil igitur mirum, si mens mihi tabida facta
De nive manantis more liquescit aqua>.

28 The Scholiast explains this of a goatherd named Comatas or Men-
alcas, who, while engaged in tending his master's herds, was wont to
sacrifice to the Muses. To try whether they would preserve him, his
master caused him to be shut up in a chest, which, after some months, he
found, upon opening it, full of honey-combs, and his prisoner alive.

29 trog wpiov, ' trimestre tempus exegisti.' Steph. Totum annum
exegisti. Crispinus. The Scholiast seems to consider the words to de-
signate " the spring." The three months of spring in which the flowers,
&c., mentioned just before, would bloom chiefly, wpa signifies specially
TO tap, which Homer calls commonly wpq tlapivi}. See Lex. Doric. ^E.
Porti, at the word wpiof.

30 Comp. Yirg. Eel. x. 35,

Atque utinam ex vobis unus, vestrique fuissem
Aut custos gregis, aut maturts vinitor uvse, &c.

42 THEOCRITUS. 87 — 107.

then have tended for thee thy beautiful she-goats, along the
mountains, while listening to thy voice : and thou, divine
Comatas, shouldst have reclined under the oaks or under the
pines, sweetly singing.'

And Lycidas having sung thus much, made an end : but
to him in turn I also spoke as follows : ' Many other good
things, friend Lycidas, have the Nymphs taught me too, as
I tend my herd along the mountains : things which 31 haply
fame hath carried even to the throne of Jove. But this at any
rate is far pre-eminent beyond all, with which I will proceed to
favour you. Hearken then, since you are a friend to the Muses/

32 ' On Simichidas indeed the Loves have sneezed : for of a
truth the luckless wight is as much in love with Myrto, as the
she-goats love spring. But Aratus, who is in the highest
degree beloved by that man, cherishes at heart a yearning
for a lad. 33Aristis, a worthy man, and highly excellent,
(whose singing with the accompaniment of the lyre not even
Ph rebus himself beside his tripods would refuse,) knows that
by a lad Aratus is consumed to the very bone with love. Him
I pray thee, O Pan, who hast obtained for thy portion the
lovely surface of 34Homole, mayest thou place unbidden in
the dear hands of that man, whether it is in sooth the tender
Philinus, or some other. And if indeed thou shouldst do
thus, O dear Pan, then may 35 Arcadian boys in no wise

31 Virg. Eel. iii. 73, Partem aliquam, venti, divom referatis ad aures.
Eel. v. 73, Hinc usque ad sidera notus.

32 One of the various omens which the Greeks drew from themselves
was the Trrap/ioj. or sneezing, referred to here, and Xenoph. Exped. Cyr.
iii. 2, 9. Propert. Eleg. ii. 3, 23,

Num tibi nascenti primis, mea vita, diebus

Aureus argutum sternuit omen amor ?
Catull. xlv. 9, Amor sinistram ut ante,

Dextram sternuit approbationem.
Compare also Idyll xviii. 16.

33 'Apiffrte — fity' apicroe, a play on words, which cannot be rendered
faithfully. Theocritus affects it ; see Idyll xv. 26, irevdrina ical oil TlevOrja.
Shaksp. Of Hotspur, cold-spur. This is Rome and room enough. Not
on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew, thou makest thy knife keen.
For fitya. used adverbially see Monk, Alcest. 758, Horn. II. ii. 32.

34 Homole, a mountain of Thessaly. It is mentioned by Euripides,
Here. Fur. 371, Gvy\opToi 0' OpoXag tvavXoi.

Yirg. 2En. vii. 675, Homolen Othrynque nivalem
Linquentes rapido cursu.

35 fficiXXaifftv, comp. Idyll v. 121. The poet alludes to a feast of Pan,

107 — 124. IDYLL Til. 43

scourge thee with squills on ribs and shoulders, at such times
as scanty feasts are provided : but shouldst thou have decided
otherwise, mayest thou be scratched all over thy flesh by the
nails, and mayest thou sleep among nettles : and in mid-winter
mayest thou be on the 3G mountains of the Edonians, beside the
river Hebrus, facing towards and nigh to the north ; and in
summer mayest thou tend herds among the extremest ^Ethi-
opians, 37 under the rock of the Blemyes, whence the Nile is
no longer to be seen. But do ye, having left the sweet water
of 38Hyetis and Byblis, and dwelling in the lofty 39seat of
golden-haired Dione, 40 O Loves like unto ruddy apples, strike,
I pray you, with your arrows, the lovely Philinus : strike, for
the wretched youth pities not my guest. And yet he is
more over-ripe than a pear, and the women say, Alas, alas,
Philinus, thy beauty's bloom wastes away. No longer, look
you, Aratus, let us keep watch at the vestibules, nor wear out
our feet, but let the early cock consign 41 another, as he crows,

in Arcadia, where it was the custom to scourge his image, if the Choragi
had offered a mean sacrifice. Scholiast.

36 Edones, a nation of Thrace. Hebrus, a river of the same. Virg.
Eel. x. 63, Nee si frigoribus mediis Hebramque bibamus. Some com-
mentators have wondered that Theocr. places the Edones and the river
Hebrus near each other. But Wordsworth shows that Greek and La-
tin poets, (as Lucan, Ovid, Horace,) were ignorant of the geography of
Macedon, Thrace, and Northern Greece, which they deemed Barbarian.
This passage supports, as Wordsworth shows, Bentley's emendation,
" Edonis," for " ex sorrmis," at Horat. Od. iii. 25, 9,

Non secus in jugis,

Edonis stupet Evias

Hebrum prospiciens, et nive candidam

Lustratam Rhodopen.

37 Blemyes, a nation of ^Ethiopia.

33 Hyetis and Biblis, mountains and springs of Miletus. See Ovid.
Met. ix. 445—665.

39 tSos aiTTv Aiwv/7e, h. e. Cyprus, the abode of Yenus, who often is
called by her mother's name, Dione.

40 Tibull. III. iv. 34,

Candor erat qualem procfert Latonia Luna

Et color in niveo corpore purpureus.
Ut juveni primum virgo deducta marito

Inficitur teneras ore rubente genas ;
Ut cum contexunt amaraiithis alba puellae
Lilia, ut Autumno Candida malarubent.
Comp. Idyll xxvi. 1.

« Propert. I. xvi. 23, 24,

44 THEOCRITUS. 124 — 147.

to this painful numbness : and let Molon alone, my best of
friends, be harassed in this sharp exercise : and to us let both
quietness be a care, and an old woman be at hand, who, 42by
spitting, may keep afar off what is not good.'

Thus much I spoke : and he, having smiled sweetly, as
before, presented me with his crook to be a friendly gift
43 arising out of our songs. And he indeed, having turned off
to the left, proceeded on his way to Pyxa : but I and Eucritus,
having bent our steps to the house of Phrasidamus, with the
beautiful 44 Amyntichus, reclined there, both on deep low-
couches of the sweet mastich-tree, and on fresh-cut vine-twigs,
rejoicingly. And, from above, down upon our heads were
waving to and fro many poplars and elms ; and the sacred
stream hard by kept murmuring, as it flowed down from the
cave of the Nymphs. And the fire-coloured cicalas on the
shady branches were toiling at chirping ; while, from afar off,
in the thick thorn-bushes the thrush was wai'bling. Tufted
larks and 45 gold-finches were singing ; the turtle-dove was
cooing ; 46 tawny bees were humming round about the foun-
tains : all things were breathing-the-incense of very plenteous
summer, and breathing-the-incense of fruit-time. 47 Pears
indeed at our feet, and by our sides apples, were rolling for us
in abundance ; and the boughs hung-in-profusion, weighed
down to the ground, with damsons. 48 Moreover the pitch of

Me mediae noctes, me sidera prona jacentem
Frigidaque QEoo me videt aura gelu.
Horat. Sat. ii. 6, 45, Matutina parum cautos jam frigora caedunt.

42 imfdvaSoiaa, Idyll ii. 62. Tibull. I. ii. 53, Ter cane, ter dictis
despue carminibus.

43 iKfioiaav. Compare vii. 102, IK iraiSoc, 55, i£'A<f>(>odiTa<;.

44 'Afii>vTi\og, i. q. ' A/j,vvrac> vs. 2 ; comp. not. ad vs. 21. And see
Wordsworth at this passage, who quotes Lucret. ii. 132,

Prostrati gramine molli
Propter aquae rivum sub ramis arboris altse
Non magnis opibus jucunde corpora curant,
Prsecipue cum tempestas arridet, et anni
Tempora conspergunt viridantes floribus herbas.

45 AieavQidfs, the Acalanthis of Virg. Georg. iii. 338, Littoraque
Alcyonem resonant, acalanthida dumi. Cf. Song of Solomon ii. 12.

48 Compare Hippol. Eurip. 76, 77 : a\V aKnpa-rov

fiiXicrtra Xti/ntou, rjpivov SiipxtTai.
For irtpi and afi(f>i thus connected, see Horn. II. ii. 305. Odyss. xi. 608.

47 Virg. Eel. vii. 54, Strata jacent passim sua quaeque sub arbore poma.

48 Hor. Od. III. viii. 9,

147 — 157. IDYLL VII. 45

four years' date was loosened from the mouth of the wine
jars.

Ye Castalian Nymphs, inhabiting the height of Parnassus,
I wonder whether 49 at all in the rocky cave of Pholus, aged
Chiron set up for Hercules a goblet such as this ! I wonder
if haply 'twas nectar like this, which induced that shepherd
by the Anapus, the strong Polyphemus, who 50 used to hurl
crags on the mountain-ranges, to dance about in the sheep-
pens ? Such nectar I mean, as, O Nymphs, ye then broached,
beside the altar of Demeter presiding over the threshing-floor :
on the heap of which may I again fasten a great winnowing
shovel, and may she smile, holding in both hands 51 wheat
sheaves and poppies.

IDYLL VIII.

THE SINGERS OF PASTORALS.
ARGUMENT.

In this Idyll two pastors are represented as contending, Daphnis and
Menalcas, both skilled in music and in Amaebaean song. A challenge
is given, and a prize set up, and a goatherd called in as umpire. They
begin the song, so as to answer one another first with four, afterwards
with eight verses each. At last the goatherd adjudges the prize to
Daphnis — and the poet represents this victory as laying the foundation

Hie dies, anno redeunte, festus
Corticem adstrictum pice dimovebit, &c.
Amphora; —

Cf. Hor. Od. I. ix. 6. Terent. Heaut. III. i. 51, Relevi dolia omnia,

omnes serias.

49 A poetic digression, touching the cave of the centaur Pholus, and
Chiron, who was the instructor of Hercules in astronomy and Apollo in
music. Cf. Orph. Argonaut. 419. Juvenal, Sat. xii. 44, Urnae cratera
capacem Et dignum sitiente Pholo.

50 Compare Horn. Odyss. ix. 481. There is no ground for the reading
vaaq here, with Heinsius and Brunck.

51 Apaypara. Cf. Callimach. Hymn to Delos, 284, and the note of
Th. Graev. at the passage. — A sheaf, as much as a gleaner can bind up
together is meant. Tibul. I. x. ad fin., At nobis, pax alma, veni spi-
camque teneto. Demeter's symbols are spikes of com and poppies.

46 THEOCRITUS. 1—16.

of all the future fame of Daphnis, in pastoral poetry. The scene is
laid in Sicily. Virgil has copied this Idyll much in Eclogues iii.
and vii.

DAPHNIS. MENALCAS. A GOATHERD.

MENALCAS, l as they say, whilst tending his sheep along the
high mountains, fell in with the graceful Daphnis a-driving
his herd. 2Now both of them were 3red-haired, both lads :
each skilled in playing on the pipes, each in singing. And
first then Menalcas, gazing at Daphnis, addressed him.

Menalcas. Daphnis, watcher of the lowing oxen, wilt thou
sing with me ? I maintain that I will beat you at singing, to
my heart's content.

And him, I ween, Daphnis answered in speech like the
following.

Daphnis. Shepherd of woolly sheep, piper Menalcas, you
at all events shall never beat me in singing, no, not if you
should die for it.

Men. 4Are you desirous then to see into it ? Are you
desirous to stake a prize ?

Daph. I do desire to see into this. I am desirous to stake
a prize.

Men. Well what shall we stake, that would be of sufficient
value for us ?

Daph. I will stake a calf : and do you stake on your part
5 a lamb like its mother.

Men. 6I will never stake a lamb, for both my father is
strict, and my mother, and they count all the sheep at evening.

1 Pierson reads AioQavre for wg tyavri : taking the idea from the com-
mencement of Idyll xxi., which Theocritus dedicates to Diophantus.

2 Virg. Eel. vii. 4,

Amho florentes setatibus, Arcades ambo
Et cantare pares, et responclere parati.

3 TTjip/oorpi'xw. Polwhele, in his version, finds here the original of
Collins's expression, "the fiery-tressed Dane."

4 Virg. Eel. iii. 28,

Vis ergo inter nos quid possit uterque vicissim
Experiamur, ego hanc vitulam, ne forte recuses,
Depono : tu die mecum quo pignore certes.
Virg. JEn. ix. 628,

Et statuam ante aras aurata fronte juvencum
Caudentem, pariterque caput cum matre gereiitem.
6 Virg. Eel. iii. 32,

17—36. IDYLL VIII. 47

Daph. Well then, what will you stake ? And what shall
be the advantage the winner shall have ?

Men. 7 A shepherd's-pipe, which I made beautiful with nine
notes, and having white wax about it, equal below, equal
above. This I would stake : but my father's property I will
not stake.

Daph. In truth I too, look you, have a pipe with nine notes,
having white wax about it, equal below, equal above. I lately
fastened it together. Even still I have a pain in this finger,
since the reed, i'fegs, split and cut me. But who shall try us ?
Who shall be our listener ?

Men. How if we should call hither yon goatherd, whose
clog 8 with-the-white-spot, is barking near the kids.

And the youths indeed shouted to him, and the goatherd
came, having heard them. And the youths on their part be-
gan to sing, and the goatherd was willing to be umpire. So
then first the 9 piper Menalcas proceeded to sing, having ob-
tained precedence by lot. And then Daphnis took up the
alternate pastoral strain. And thus began Menalcas first.

Men. Ye dells and rivers, 10a divine progeny, if haply ever
the piper Menalcas has sung a pleasant melody, may ye feed
my lambkins n to my heart's content : and should Daphnis
ever chance to have come with his calves, may he find nothing
less.

De grege non ausim quicquam deponere tecum,
Est mihi namque domi pater, est injusta noverca,
Bisque die numerant ambo pecus, alter et haedos.

7 Eel. ii. 37, 38, Est mihi disparibus septem compacta cicutis

Fistula.
Ibid. 32, Pan primus calamos cera conjungere plures

Instituit.

Wordsworth refers, for the modern use of this pipe by Greek shepherds,
to G. M. Leake's Northern Greece, i. p. 290.

8 0aXap6e, ' white spot,' a name given to a ram, in Idyll v. 104.

9 WKTO., i. e. 6 (rvpiKr^c, 6 Xtyu00oyyot)f. The termination a was
^Eolic. Homer has QvtffTa. (j.T)riera — v£<pf\])ycp'iTa, fvpvoira. 'nnroTa.
Hence the Latin Cometa ' planeta ' poeta, from Ko/tjjrjjc TrXavJjri/c, &c.,
and the Latins generally turned the Greek names in CIQ into a. The
Greeks did just the reverse, adding s to Latin names in 'a.' See Matt.
Gr. Gr. § 68, 8. (Edit. 1832.) For the order of singing, see Yirg. Eel.
vii. 18.

10 Oiiov ysvog, because every river -with the Greeks, and every fountain,
was a god or goddess. Denique coelesti sumus omnes semine nati. Lucret.

11 EK i^/v\a^, exanimi mei sententia. Though Grsefius understands
i|/vx«C of the rivers, as gods Qeiov ytvovg.

48 THEOCRITUS. 37—51.

Daph. Ye springs, and herbage, a pleasant growth, if so
be that Daphnis warbles like the nightingales, fatten ye this
herd ! And if Menalcas shall have driven any stock hither,
may he, to his satisfaction, pasture all in plenty.

Men. 12 Every where it is spring, and every where are pas-
tures : and every where udders are full of milk, and the young
are suckled, where the fair maiden approaches: but if she
should depart, both the shepherd is Avithered there, and the
herbage too.

Daph. Sheep are there, she-goats with twins are there,
bees fill their hives there, and the oaks are loftier, wherever
the handsome Milo sets foot ; 13 but should he depart, both he
who feeds the heifers, and the heifers themselves, are the more
dried up.

Men. O he-goat, husband of the white she-goats ! 14 where
there is endless depth of foliage, O ye flat-nosed kids, come
hither to the water. For in that place is he ! Go, stump-horn,
and say to Milo, that 15 Proteus, even though a god, used
to feed sea-calves.

12 Compare Virg. Eel. vii. 59, 60,

Phillidis aclventu nostroc nemus omne virebit
Jupiter et laeto descendet plurimus imbri.
Ibid. 55, Omnia nunc rident ; at si formosus Alexis

Montibus his abeat, videas et flumina sicca.
Pope Past. i. 69,

All nature mourns, the skies relent in showers,
Hush'd are the birds, and closed the drooping flowers ;
If Delia smile, the flowers begin to spring,
The skies to brighten, and the birds to sing.
" Virg. Eel. iii. 100,

Eheu quam pingui macer est mihi taurus in ervo !
Idem amor exitium pecori, pecorisque magistro.

14 The common reading here was u> fiaOog, O profunditas, which
Casaubon, Reiske, Warton, &c. have altered to w, ubi, so that we must
supply Stvpo, and refer it, I suppose, to i'3wp in the next line. Werns-
dorf supposes w j3a0oc v\ag pvpiov to the " Horrida siccsc Silva comae,"
of the he-goat, (cf. Juvenal ix. 13,) and perhaps there is some foundation
for this conjecture, to which however the simpler mode of translation
above stated seems preferable. For the parallel to the former part of the
line, see Virg. Eel. vii. 7, Vir gregis ipse caper deeraverat.

15 Horat. Od. i. 2, 7, Omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos

Visere montes.

Cf. Virg. Georg. iv. 395. Horn. Odyss. iv. 448. Wordsworth pro-
poses here to read, <oai Xsye — MiXuv,
'0 Upwrsvs <p(iiKa£ K. 0. w.

53—76. IDYLL VIII. 49

Daph. Not mine be it to possess the land of Pelops, nor
mine to own golden talents, or to outstrip the winds : but I
will sing under this rock, holding thee in my arms, 16 looking
upon my sheep feeding together, and towards the Sicilian sea.

Men. To trees indeed winter is a dreadful evil, and to
waters drought, and to birds the snare, and to wild beasts
nets : but to man the yearning for a tender maiden. O Sire,
O Jove, not I alone have been in love. 17 Thou too art a lover
of women.

These strains indeed then the youths sang alternately : and
Menalcas thus commenced his concluding song.

Men. Spare my kids, spare, wolf, my she-goats with young,
and do not hurt me, because, small though I am, I tend many.
18 O dog Lampurus, does so deep a sleep hold you ? You ought
not to sleep soundly while tending sheep with a lad. And, ye
sheep, neither do you shrink from filling yourselves with the
tender herbage. Ye shall be nowise tired of it, when this
springs up again. St ! feed on, feed on, and, all of you, fill
your udders, that the lambs may have a part, and I may lay
up the rest in cheese baskets.

Next in turn, Daplmis struck up to sing sweetly.

Daph. 19 Me too, a maiden with meeting eye-brows, having
seen yesterday from her cave, as I drove past it my heifers,
kept declaring to be beautiful, beautiful. Nor indeed did I
even answer her a rude word, but kept trudging on my way,
looking downwards. 20 Sweet is the voice of the heifer, sweet

18 Graef. reads avvvofjie MTXov, opwv TCLV 'SiKtXdv ic; li\a. But Kiessling
thinks, with reason, that a much slighter alteration will render the pass-
age clear, viz. rav 2iKt\dv TS a\a. Or we may understand, as Reiske
suggests, t£ in the sense of vpoq or irapd. " Apud Siculum mare."

17 Compare the 56th Epigram of Callimachus, ed. Ernesti, i. 324.

18 Ad/jnrovpt, "fire-tail."

19 Meeting eyebrows were considered a beauty among the ancients.
Compare Anacreon xxvii. ad pictorem. Ov. Art. Amat. iii. 201,

Arte supercilii confinia nuda replentes.
And Juvenal Sat. ii. 93,

Ille supercilium madida fuligine tactum
Obliqua producit acu. J. W.

20 TO Trveiifta, the breath of the pipe. So Idyll ix. 7, 8, and Theocr.
Epigr. v. 4, Kapodtry Trvfv/j.aTi. Warton, says Polwhele, thinks Milton
had Theocritus in view, when he wrote those lines of Paradise Lost,
Book iv. Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet

With charm of earliest birds, &c.

50 THEOCRITUS. 76—93.

the breath of the pipe; and sweetly too the calf lows, and
sweetly also the cow : and sweet is it 21in summer-time to
sleep in the open air beside running water. 22The acorns are
an ornament to the oak, apples to the apple-tree, and to the
cows the calf, the cows themselves to the herdsman.

Thus sang the youths, but the goatherd addressed them as
follows :

Goatherd. Something sweet is thy mouth, and lovely thy
voice, O Daphnis. 'Tis better to hear thee sing than 23to
sip honey. Take the pipe, for thou hast won in singing.
And if at all you desire to teach me too to sing, while I feed
my goats along with you, I will give you, as the price of your
teaching, yon hornless she-goat, which always fills the milk-
pail above the brim.

As then the youth was delighted, and leapt up, and shouted
as victorious ; so would a fawn leap upon its dam. And as
the other smouldered away, and Avas cast down in heart by
chagrin, so also would a nymph grieve, 24when betrothed.
And from this time, Daphnis became first among shepherds,
and, while yet in earliest youth, wedded a Naiad nymph.

IDYLL IX.

THE PASTOR, OR THE HERDSMEN.

ARGUMENT.

The scene is laid in Sicily. Daphnis and Menalcas are challenged by a
companion shepherd to contend with one another in singing. They
sing in alternate strains, and each carries off a prize ; Daphnis a crook,

21 Virg. Eel. v. 46, Quale sopor fessis in gramine, &c.
-- Ibid. 32, Vitis ut arboribus decori est, ut Yitibus uvse,
Ut gregibus tauri, segetes ut pinguibus arvis,
Tu decus omne tuis.

33 Than to sip honejvj Polwhele compares Septuagint Cantic. iv. 11,
K)|ptoi/a7ro<TTa^oi)(T£ X£ W? <rou, vu/u.<f>ii. jut\t KO.I ya\a uiro TIJI/ y\u>ar<rav <rov.
2* jantQiid, despons£TO. Her grief must be supposed to arise from the
impending loss of girlish freedom. Comp. Trach. Sophoc. 144,

£ois Tts O.VTL TrapQivov yuvij
K\i/0;;, \d/3t; T' tv VVKTI <j)povTL8u>v /utpos.

1—18. IDYLL IX. 51

and Menalcas a muscle-shell. It seems clear that the whole Idyll is
put in the mouth of a shepherd, who narrates the alternate strains of
Daphnis and Menalcas, just as Melibaeus (Virg. Eel. vii.) those of
Corydon and Thyrsis. Warton observes that Menalcas in his song
assumes the character of the Cyclops.

DAPHNIS. MENALCAS.

SING a pastoral strain, Daphnis, and do you first begin the
song ; begin you the l song first, and let Menalcas follow after,
when you have put the calves to the heifers, and the bulls to
the barren cows. And let them feed together, and stray
among the foliage, 2not at all forsaking the herd : but do you
sing me a bucolic strain in the first place ; and in the next,
in turn let Menalcas answer.

Daphnis. Sweetly indeed the calf lows, and sweetly too
does the heifer ; and sweetly also the pipe sounds, and the
herdsman, and sweetly I too. And by the cool water-side I
have a couch of leaves ; and on it have been strown beautiful
skins from white heifers, all of which, to my sorrow, as they
nibbled the 3 arbute-tree, the south-west wind dashed from
the mountain peak. And I care as much for the parching
summer 4 as lovers care to hear the words of a father or mother.

Thus sang Daphnis to me. And Menalcas thus.

Menalcas. JEtna is my mother, and I inhabit a fair cave in
the hollow rocks : and I have in sooth whatever things appear
in a dream, 5 many sheep and many goats ; of which the skins

1 For instances of this figure, called by the Latins " Iteratio," see Virgil
Eel. v. 51. Milton Lycidas, 37,

But oh the heavy change now thou art gone,
Now thou art gone, and never must return.
Virg. Eel. iii. 58, Incipe Damaeta ; tu deinde sequere, Menalca.

2 ari/zay£\ewr«c ; a cognate word, drijuay£\?jc, " neglecting the herd,
feeding alone," occurs, Idyll xxv. 132.

3 KOfiapog, the strawberry or arbute tree. Comp. v. 128.
* A similar boast of indifference occurs, Eel. vii. 51,

Hie tan turn Boreae curamus frigora, quantum

Aut iiumerum lupus, aut torrentia flumina ripas.

Wordsworth reads with two MSS. tpwv TO, i. e. Quantum amans curat
audire patris aut matris monita. But Toup's conjecture, tpaivrf, which
we have followed, is generally received.

5 Virg. Eel. ii., Mille meoB Siculis errant in montibus agnse.
Two lines below compare Virg. Eel. vii. 49,

Hie focus et taedse pingues, hie plurimus ignis

Semper.

E 2

52 THEOCRITUS. 19 — 33.

lie at my head, and beside my feet. And on a fire of oak-
boughs entrails are boiling, and on the fire are dry beech-
fagots when it is winter ; .and in truth not even have I a care
for winter, as much as a toothless person has for nuts, when
6 fine meal is at hand.

These indeed I applauded ; and straightway gave as a pre-
sent, to Daphnis on one hand a crook, which a field of my
father's had raised for me, self sprung, and such as not even
perhaps a carpenter would have found fault with ; and to the
other 7 a beautiful spiral cockle-shell, the flesh of which I my-
self had eaten, after I had 8 lain in wait for it on the Icarian
rocks, having divided 9 five shares for five of us ; and he (Men-
alcas) blew upon the shell.

Pastoral Muses, all hail ! and bring to light the song, which
formerly I sang in the presence of those herdsmen. 10 Never
raise a pimple upon the tip of your tongue. ' l Cicala is dear to
cicala, and ant to ant, and hawks to hawks : but to me the
Muse and song : of which, I pray, may all my house be full,

6 dfivXoio, sc. aprov, a cake of not ground, i. e. the finest meal.
Aristoph. Pax, 1195. Chapman indicates "pap," as the fare of this
toothless individual.

7 Lucretius, quoted by Polwhele,

Concharumque genus parili ratione videmus
Pingere telluris gremium, qua mollibus undis
Littoris incurvi bibulam pavit sequor arenarn.

8 Icaria, one of the Sporades, north-east of Myconos, and south-west
of Samos, in the JSgean Sea. Now Nicaria.

9 TrevTt rafiiav, for tic Ttkvrt /jiepi] ra/jiwv — 6 £' tyKava\riaaTo. Cf.
Idyll xxii. 75, where Amycus KO\\OV i\iav fjivKacraTO KO~I\OV.

10 The sense is, " It is no untruth, nor need you fear lest pimples
should rise on your tongue to convict you of falsehood." This was as
common a superstition, as it is now, with the ancients. Pimples on the
nose or tongue were supposed to indicate falsehood. Compare Idyll
xii. 23,

iy<a Ss. (T£ TOV Ka\6v alviiav
\J/i.u8ta plvos vTrtpQf.v (ipaiTjs OVK avatpvffw.
Horace alludes to such marks, in Od. ii. 8, 1,
Ulla si juris tibi pejerati
Pcena, Barine, nocuisset unquam,
Dente si nigro fieres, vel uno
Turpior ungui.

11 A common proverb. Aristot. Eth. N. noXoibg TTOTI /coXoior, " Birds
of a feather flock together." Ecclesiasticus xiii. 16, " All flesh consort-
eth according to kind, and a man will cleave to his like." xxvii. 10,
" The birds will return to their like." Cf. Juvenal xv. 163.

IX. 33— X. 2. IDYLL IX. 53

for neither n sleep, nor spring on a sudden, is more sweet, nor
flowers to bees, than are the Muses dear to me : for whomso-
ever they behold with pleasure, such hath 13 Circe never at all
hurt with her draught.

IDYLL X.

THE WORKMEN, OR REAPERS.

ARGUMENT.

In this Idyll, which is strictly pastoral, Milo and Battus, two reapers,
converse over their work. Now Battus, heing enamoured of a female
flute-player, Bombyce, the daughter of Polybutas, or as some suppose
his handmaiden, works but slackly in consequence. Whereupon
Milo asks him why he reaps so lazily, and Battus confesses to him his
love ; and recites a ditty composed for his mistress. Milo then opposes
to this song, another of his own, containing precepts on the art of
reaping, having first applauded Battus for the fitness and beauty of his
composition.

MILO AND BATTUS.

You labouring ploughman, what has befallen you now,
wretched man ? Neither can you l draw the swathe straight,

12 Pope Past., Not bubbling fountains to the thirsty swain,

Not balmy sleep to labourers faint with pain,
Not showers to larks, or sunshine to the bee,
Are half so charming as thy sight to me.

our' tap IZairivaQ — Wordsw., seeing that the sense requires a dative here,
instead of i^airivaf conjectures tii^afikvoig valdfe exoptantibus, and com-
pares with the reading Theocr. x. 2, and Bion vi. 1, which see.

13 The draughts of Circe, or spells of unlawful pleasure, are mentioned
by Horace, Epist. I. ii. 23, " Sirenum voces et Circse pocula nosti ;"
and chiefly in the Odyssey, lib. x. Milton introduces her as the mother
of Comus, in his Masque so named. The sentiment here expressed with
regard to the favourites of the Muses, is fully worked out by Horace,
Od. iv. 3, Quern tu, Melpomene, &c.

1 oyfiov, says the Scholiast, was properly said of reapers who, as they
advance one after another in long order, while they reap, draw, as it
were, a furrow, which is called elsewhere av\a%. The root is ayu>, (cf.
Butrn. Lexilog. under the word o^Qjjcrai, L. and S.) the verb 6fptvii) is
used in a metaphor from this sense of oyjuog, in Sophocl. Philoct. 163.
Two lines below the reader may compare Virgil Georg. iii. 466, who,
describing a sickening sheep, says,

54 THEOCRITUS. 2—16.

as of old you used to draw it ; nor do you reap in a line with
your neighbour, but are left behind, as a sheep, whose foot a
thorn has wounded, is left by the flock. A fine sort of reaper
you will be, won't you, at evening, and after mid-day, seeing that
now, when you begin, 2 you do not make a gap in the swathe ?

Battus. Milo, you who reap till late at even, fragment of
stubborn rock, did it never befall you to long after one of the
absent ?

Milo. Never ! And what business has a labouring man
with longing after those that are without ?

Batt. Did it never then chance to you to lie awake through
love ?

Mil. No, and I trust it never may. 3 It's bad to give a
dog a taste of guts.

Batt. Well, but I, Milo, have been in love hard upon eleven
days.

Mil. You evidently draw from the cask ! 4 but I have not
vinegar enough.

Batt. 5 Therefore all before my doors is unweeded since
sowing time.

Mil. And which of the damsels is ruining you ?

Batt. The maiden of Polybotas, 6 who lately used to play to
the reapers in the fields of Hippocoon.

Videris, aut summas carpentem mollius herbas
Extremamque sequi, aut medio procumbere carnpo
Pascentem.

2 dpxojuevoe (row tpyov, sc.) TCLQ av\. airoTpwyeiv. So Catull. xxxiii. 7,
Quare, si sapiet, -viam vorabit.

3 xa^tK°v, &c. One of the proverbs you would expect in a reaping
field. Horat. Serm. II. vi. 81, " Ut canis, a corio nunquam absterrebitur
uncto." One of our vulgar expressions to the same point is, " Don't
let the cat to the cream."

4 tt'Xic o£o£. Some would read o£oi>c, but Reiske shows from Apollon.
Rhod. ii. 424, Callim. H. in Jovem, 84, that «\if was used with a nom-
inative or accusative as well as a genitive. The point of the passage is
that Milo, who is heart-whole, comically congratulates Battus on his
having his fill of love, and deplores his own loveless state, ironically of
course. Battus stands by, a very skeleton from sleepless nights and
wasting love. He has drawn from a cask with a vengeance.

5 Virg. Eel. ii. 70, Semiputata tibi frondosa vitis in ulmo est. Battus
answers, that he is so much occupied with love, that he does not even
remove the sweepings from the yard of his house.

• This verse occurs before, Idyll vi. 41. TroXv/Swra, genitivus Doricus,
filia Polybotae. Cf. ii. 66, a rSt vfiovXoto. J. W.

17—30. IDYLL X. 55

MIL 7 The god has found out the sinner ! you have what
you have been long wanting. 8 The long-legged grasshopper
will lie with you all night.

Baft. You are beginning to jeer at me. But not 9only
Plutus is blind, but also the reckless Love. Do not say
any thing boastful.

Mil. I do not boast at all. 10 Only do you lay low the crop ;
and strike up some loving ditty on the maiden ; so will you
work more pleasantly ; and in fact in former times you used
to be musical.

Batt. Pierian Muses, sing with me of the slim damsel : for,
O goddesses, ye make all things beautiful, whichsoever ye
shall have touched.

11 Graceful Bombyce, all call thee Syrian, and shrivelled,
and sun-burnt ; but I alone call you 12 honey-complexioned.
The violet too is dark, 13and the inscribed hyacinth ; yet still
they are gathered the first in garlands. The she-goat follows

7 A proverb directed against those who boast, and then fall into the
dangers which they have been rejoicing to have escaped.

8 fidvTig — KaXapaia, a kind of locust or grasshopper with long thin
fore-feet, which are in constant motion. Perhaps, mantis religiosa, or
mantis oratoria, Linn., also KaXa/xaia and KaXa^lns. "If you marry,"
says Milo, " this old and loquacious damsel, you will have a cicada or
locust to disturb you all night." Chapman translates P.O.VTIQ, a " tree-
frog."

9 auroc., i. q. p,6vo£ or iciq.. Cf. Matt. Gr. Gr. § 468, 5.

10 Soph. Ajax, 384, [ttjSlv pey' liirriq.

11 Hvpav. Syrian — on account of her dark complexion. "Gipsy,"
perhaps.

12 /ufXix\wpor, olive, as we call it, " a brunette." On this difference
between the world's notion and the lover's, see Lucret. lib. iv. 1153.
Horat. Serm. I. iii. 38,

Illuc prarvertamur, amatorem quod amicse
Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia, aut etiam ipsa hsec
Delectant.
For a parallel to the next line, see Yirg. Eel. x. 38,

Quid turn si fuscus Amyntas
Sunt nigroe violae, sunt et vaccinia nigra.
And Theocr. Id. xxiii. 29.

13 Cf. Mosch. Idyll iii. 6. The legend ran that Hyacinthus was acci-
dentally slain by Apollo's disc, and that his blood produced a flower, on,
whose leaves the initial letter of his name was inscribed. Ovid. Met. x.
162. Virg. Eel. iii. 106. Georg. iv. 186. Vid. Eel. ii. 18, Alba ligus-
tra cadunt : vaccinia nigra leguntur.

56 THEOCRITUS. 30—43.

14the cytisus, the wolf the she-goat, awe? the 15crane the plough :
but I am maddened after you. 16 1 would I had as much as
they say Crresus of yore possessed ; then both of us wrought
in gold should be dedicated to Aphrodite ; you holding the
flute indeed, and either a rose, yes, or an apple ; and I wear-
ing 17a new dress, and new Amyclasan shoes on both feet. O
graceful Bombyce, 18thy feet indeed are well turned, and thy
voice is soft. Thy manners however I am not able to express.

Mil. Surely the ploughman has escaped my notice while
making beautiful songs ; how well has he measured the form
of his harmony! 19Alas me! for the beard which I have
nursed in vain. Consider now also the strains of the divine
Lytierses.

20 O fruitful Demeter, rich in ears of corn, may this field
be well tilled, and fruitful in the highest degree.

14 Cf. Idyll v. 128. Virg. Eel. ii. 63,

Torva leaena lupum sequitur, lupus ipse capellam,
Florentem cytisum sequitur lasciva capella
Te, Corydon, o Alexi : trahit sua quemque voluptas.
Compare Georg. ii. 431, Tondentur cytisi.

15 Cf. Georg. i. 120, Strymoniaeque grues. Hesiod. O. et D. 448.
18 Cf. Virg. Eel. vii. 31, 32,

Si proprium hoe fuerit, laevi de marmore tota
Puniceo stabis suras evincta cothurno.

And Ibid. 36, Nunc te marmoreum pro tempore fecimus ; at tu
Si fsetura gregem suppleverit, aureus esto.

17 ffxn^a. Dr. Wordsworth proposes to readXHIMA, h. e. nal ilpa, for
ffpljUa, unnecessarily, for (*xWa may mean a dress as well as tlfja.
Aristoph. Acharn. 64, wic/3arava TOV a^rinaroq. Besides Kal can hardly
precede Ss where \iiv goes before. See a writer in the Classical Mu-
seum, vol. ii. 294. But why should we not adopt Graefius's explanation of
this somewhat difficult passage, and suppose Kaivbg to be used doubly
with reference to tr%j}jua and d/u'iicXac. a.fj,vK\ai were costly shoes used
in Laconia, and so called from Amyclae, the town where their inventor
lived "?

18 Horat. Od. II. iv. 21, Brachia et vultum, teretesque suras Integer
laudo. Solomon's Song vii. 1, How beautiful are thy feet with shoes !
Some think that Bombyces' feet are called dtrrpaydXoi in point of white-
ness. Dice were called dorpdyaXci. If this were adopted as the true
meaning, we have a parallel in Solomon's Song v. 15, His legs are as
pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold.

19 Compare Idyll xiv. 28, tig dvSpa yt.vf.nav. Hor. ii. Sat. iii. 35,
Sapientem pascere barbam. Lytierses was a son of Midas, king of
Phrygia.

20 Here we have certain invocations of Ceres and reapers' saws strung

44—58. IDYLL X. 57

Bind up, reapers, the sheaves, lest haply a passer-by should
say, 2l good-for-nothing fellows, this hire too is thrown away.

Let the swathe of your mown-grass look to the north or
west : thus the ear fills out. 22 Threshers of corn should avoid
sleeping at mid-day : then, most of all, chaff comes from the
stalk.

Eeapers ought to begin at the rising of the crested lark,
and to cease when it goes to rest : but to keep holiday during
the heat.

The life of the frog is to be prayed for, my boys. He does
not care for one to pour out liquor ; for it is at hand for him
in abundance.

It is better, miserly bailiff, to cook the lentil. 23 Don't cut
your hand in splitting the cummin.

These couplets it behoves men labouring in the sun to sing :
and 'tis meet that you should tell, 0 rustic, your starved love
to your mother lying awake in bed in the morning.

IDYLL XL

CYCLOPS.

ARGUMENT.

This Idyll commences with a preface to Nicias, a physician of Miletus,
(to whom Theocritus inscribes the 13th Idyll, and of whom he makes

together. Compare Virg. Geor. i. 347, Et Cererem clamore vocent in tecta,
&c. Cf. CaUim. H. in Cer. ii. 127. H. in Dian. 130.

21 avKivoi, good for nothing — Men of fig-wood (not worth a figl)
Aristoph. Acharn. 108, speaks of irpivivoi yspovrtf, from TrpTvoc, " hearts
of oak."

22 Understand n'envctffo or opa in such cases. Matt. Gr. Gr. § 546.
Compare at this place Milton's L'Allegro,

To hear the lark begin his flight
And startle, singing, the dull night,
From his watch-tower in the skies,
Till the dappled dawn doth rise.

23 Misers were called bean-splitters. The cummin seed was too small
for even them to split. Our Lord uses the word in rebuking the minute
exactness of the Pharisees in matters indifferent, St. Matt, xxiii. 23.

58 THEOCRITUS. 1—16.

favourable mention in Idyll xxviii. 6, and Epigr. vii. 3,) respecting
the power of song in relieving the pains of disappointed love. The
Cyclops is represented as using this solace for his hopeless passion for
Galatea. Polyphemus, sitting on a rock overhanging the sea, beguiles
his hours with song. He accuses the fair one of pride, and scorn for
his deep devotion to her ; and boasts of the gifts of fortune, which he
can show, in lieu of gifts of beauty and personal grace. At last he
seems to recover from his infatuation, perceiving the vanity of his
hopes. Virgil has had this Idyll in his eye, while writing Eclogues
ii. and ix. : and Bion perhaps gathered from it some ideas for the
first part of his 15th Idyll. Compare Ovid Met. xiii. 755, &c., and
Callimach. Epigr. xlix. p. 316 (Ernesti).

1 THERE is no other remedy for love, O Nicias, either 2in
the way of salve, as it seems to me, or of plaster, except
the Muses : but this is a light and sweet thing amongst men,
yet 'tis not easy to find. But methinks you know it well, as
being a physician, and in truth a man especially beloved by
the nine Muses.

Thus, for instance, the famous Cyclops our countryman, the
ancient Polyphemus, used most easily to pass his time, when
he was enamoured of Galatea, just as he was now getting a
beard about his mouth and temples. And he was wont to love,
not at all with roses, or apples, or locks of hair, but with un-
done fury : and he held all things secondary to his fury. 3 Oft-
times his sheep went back by themselves to the fold from the
green herbage ; whilst he, singing his Galatea, pined away
there, on the sea-weedy shore, from break of day, having
beneath his breast a most hateful wound inflicted by mighty

1 Horat. Od. IV. ii. 35, Minuentur atras carmine curae.

2 our' fyxpiorov. Compare .ffisch. Prom. V. 438, .(and Pearson on
the Creed, Art. ii. p. 89,) OVK fjv aXe£?jft' ovStv, ovSe /Spaiertjuov ov
XpiffTov, ovSe iriffTov. The Greeks had divers remedies and medicines.
Xpicrra, unguents, Trncrra or nXaard, plasters, iriord or Tr6rip.a, liquids,
/3pwfft/ia, esculents, and BTrySai, incantations, charms, &c. Pope, Past, ii.,
calls " Love the sole disease thou canst not cure."

3 avTai, sua sponte. Virg. Eel. vii. 11, Hue ipsi potum venient per
prata juvenci. iv. 21, Ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae, Ubera.
Pope Past. iii. 78,

The shepherds cry, Thy flocks are left a prey ! —
Ah, what avails it me the flocks to keep,
Who lost my heart, while I preserved my sheep 1
Ovid. Met. xiii. 62,

Quid sit amor sentit, nostrique cupidine captus
Uiitur, oblitus pecorum, antrorumque suorum.

16—34. IDYLL XI. 59

Venus, 4 since she had fastened an arrow in his heart. 5 But he
found his remedy, and sitting upon a high rock, looking to-
wards the sea, he was wont to sing such strains as this.

'O fair Galatea, why dost thou spurn thy lover? GMore
white than cream-cheese to look upon, more tender than a
lamb, more frisky than a calf, more sleek than an unripe
grape ? And you come hither just so, when sweet sleep pos-
sesses me, but you are straightway gone, when sweet sleep
leaves me ; 7 and you fly me, like a sheep when it has spied a
gray wolf. 8 1 for my part became enamoured of you, damsel,
when first you came with my mother, desiring to cull from the
mountain hyacinthine flowers ; and I was acting as your
guide. But to stop, when once I had beheld you, and after-
wards, and even at present, from that time I am unable. Yet
you do not care, no, by Jove, not a whit. I know, graceful
maiden, on account of what you avoid me, 9 because a shaggy
eyebrow stretches all over my forehead, from one ear to
another, as one great one ; and one eye is upon my brow,
and a broad nostril over the lip.

Yet this same I, being such as you see, 10feed a thousand

4 KvTrptdoQ in /i«yaX«£. Idyll ii. 30, t£ AtypoBiTag, and vii. 55, TO ol
i'jTraTi : Here we must either, as Jacobs thinks, retain TO, supposing it to
mean " quoniam," or read TO. ol, i. q. a ol, according to the oldest form of
the article, roc, r«i rol/- Matt. Gr. Gr. $ 65, 3. See Wordsw. at xlv. 56,
s Cf. Callimach. Epig. xlix., and Ovid. Met. xiii. 778,
Prominet in pontum cuneatus acumine longo,
Collis : utrumque latus circumfluit aequoris unda.
Hue ferus ascendit Cyclops, mediusque resedit.

6 Cf. Ov. Met. xiii. 789 — 804, where Galatea is called splendidior
vitro, tenero lascivior hsedo, &c., and "Virg. Eel. vii. 37,

Nerine Galatea, thymo mihi dulcior Hyblse
Candidior cycnis, hederfi formosior alba.
Ovid imitates this and the next line in the verses beginning,
Mollior etcycni plumis, et lacte coacto.

7 Hor. Od. i. 15, 29, Quern tu, cervus uti vallis in altera,

Visum parte lupum graminis immemor
Sublimi feries mollis anhelitu.

8 Virg. Eel. viii. 37,

Sepibus in nostris parvam te roscida mala,
Dux ego vester eram, vidi cum matre legentem.

9 Hirsutumque supercilium, promissaque barba. Yirg. Eel. viii. 33.

10 Virg. Eel. ii. 21,

Mille meae Siculis errant in monlibus agnse
Lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit.
Compare Ov. Met. xiii. 821—830. Horn. Odyss. ix. 219, &c.

60 THEOCRITUS. 35—54.

sheep, and from these, milking them, I drink the best milk.
And cheese fails me not, either in summer, or in autumn, or
in the depth of winter ; but the baskets are always overbur-
dened. I am skilled too in playing on the pipes, as no one
of the Cyclops here; singing thee, nmy dear sweet-apple, and
myself at the same time, 12 often times early in the night. And
I am rearing for you eleven fawns, all of them 13 wearing collars,
and four cubs of a bear. Nay, then, come you to me, and you
shall have nothing worse ; and suffer the pale-green sea to roll
up to the beach : 14you will pass the night with me in my cave
more sweetly. 15 There are laurels and tapering cypresses,
there is black ivy, and the vine with its sweet fruit ; there is
cool water, which wooded JEtna sends forth for me, a divine
drink, out of white snow : (who would prefer to these delights
to dwell in sea or waves ?) But if in truth I seem to you to
be rather shaggy, I have oak-branches near, and unresting
fire under the embers. And I could endure to be scorched
by you even to my very soul, 1Gand that single eye, than which
nothing is more dear to me. 17Woe is me, that my mother

11 yXvicvfiaXov, cf. Callim. H. in Cerer. 29, -a term of endearment.

12 VVKTO<; au»pi, Idyll xxiv. 38, Aristoph. Ecclesiaz. 741 : see Pierson
on Mceris, p. 32, who quotes three passages from the Orators, and two
from elsewhere, and states that he has met but one example of awpl not
followed by VVKTOQ or VVKTUV. TOI evStica j'£/3pw£. Cf. Virg. Eel. ii. 40,

Prseterea duo, nee tut& mihi valle reperti,
Capreoli, sparsis etiam mine pellibus albo.

13 [lavvofyopug, bearing collars, th. fiavvoq, a necklace. Propert. IV. viii.
24, Armillati colla Molossa canes. Others read /iavo0opwf , i. e. nrjvotyopovg,
moon-marked, which Reiske holds to be the true reading, /cat (ncv/ui'Wf.
Compare Ovid. Met. xii$. 836, Villosae catulos summis in montibus ursse.

u 6ptxQ>~lv — In the parallel passage of Virg. Eel. ix. 44, Bentley reads
"incani" for insani, as the literal rendering of yXavKtiv. Virg. Eel. i.
80, Hie tamen hanc mecum poteris requiescere noctem. Chapman com-
pares with this invitation, Kit Marlow's Shepherd's song, beginning,
Come live with me and be my love,
And we will all the pleasures prove, &c.

15 Compare Horn. Odyss. ix. 183—187, from which Theocr. has taken
the ground-work of this passage ; and comp. Odyss. ix. 219, 223, 233,
&c. at 51, 52.

18 Catull. iii. 5, Quern plus ilia suis oculis amabat.
17 Pope, Past. ii. 45, expresses the same kind of sentiment:
Oh, were I made, by some transforming power,
The captive bird, that sings within thy bower.
Then might my voice thy listening ears employ,
And I those kisses he receives enjoy.

54—75. IDYLL XI. 61

did not bring me forth having gills, in which case I should
have come down to you, and have kissed your hand, if you
would not your lips, and I should be 18 bringing you either
white lilies, or the soft poppy with red petals. But the one
springs in summer, and the other in the winter, so that I should
not have been able to bring you all these together.

Now indeed, dear maiden, yes, now on the spot I will learn
to swim, if so be 19 that any foreigner arrive hither, sailing in
his ship, that I may learn what possible delight it is to you
to dwell in the water-depths. Mayest thou come out, Galatea,
and having come forth, forget (as I do now sitting here) to go
away home : 20 and mayest thou wish to feed flocks with me,
and to milk along with me, and to press cheese, infusing sharp
runnet. My mother 21 alone wrongs me, and I find fault with
her : not a kind word ever at all has she spoken to you on my
behalf, and this too, though she sees me becoming thin day
after day. I will say that my head and both my feet are throb-
bing, that she may be pained, since I too am pained.

22 O Cyclops, Cyclops, whither hast thou flown in reason ?
If thou wouldst forthwith weave baskets, and mowing the
young shoots, bear them to the lambs, perhaps thou wouldst
have thy senses in a far greater degree. 23Milk the ewe that is

So Shakspeare, Romeo and Juliet, Oh that I were a glove upon that
hand, &c.

18 Virg. Eel. ii. 45, 46, Tibi lilia plenis

Ecce ferunt nymphae calathis, tibi Candida Nais
Pallentes violas et summa papavera carpens.

19 The Cyclops are represented by Horn. Odyss. ix. 125, as knowing
nothing of navigation, ov ytip KfKXwTrtcrfft vteg Trapa juiXroTrapTjot. Virg.
Eel. ix. 39, Hue ades, O Galatea, quis est nam ludus in undis :

Hue ades : insani feriant sine littora fluctus.

20 Virg. Eel. ii. 28, O tantum libeat mecum tibi sordida rura,

Atque humiles habitare casas, &c.

rafiiaov : coagulum. See Tibull. II. iii. 17, Et miscere novo docuisse
coagula lacte.

21 nova, in "Wordsworth's judgment, is faulty, because Galatea clearly
wronged the Cyclops, and so too did the Cyclops himself, (see 72).
Wordsw. suggests icopa, " o virgo, mater me laedit," and points out the
same emendation of an unsound passage in Bion xv. 15, where for Mwvoc
'AxiXX«i'C> read, (oDpof — puer Achilles.

22 Ibid. 69, Ah ! Corydon, Corydon, qua; te dementia cepit.
53 Callimach. Epigr. xxxiii. 5, 6,

X" dyuos Ef>tus Totos &(.. TO. fif.ii <t>ivyovTa SIWKILV
O'iSt, TO. S' iv /j.i<rtr<jp Ktifiiva -TraptrtTaTai.
Hor. Sat. I. ii. 108, Transvolat in medio posita, et fugientia captat.

62 THEOCRITUS. xi. 75— XII. 5.

close at hand ! Why dost pursue the one that flies you ? 24 Haply
you will find another Galatea even more beautiful. 25 Many
damsels bid me sport with them in the night season, and all
of them titter whenever I listen to them. Plainly even I
appear to be somebody on the land.

Thus in sooth Polyphemus used to beguile his love by sing-
ing ; and 2G he passed his days more easily than if he had
given money for a cure.

IDYLL XII.

AITES.

ARGUMENT.

This Idyll, which is of a lyric, not a Bucolic character, has been suspect-
ed to be not the work of Theocritus. It is an expression of love
towards a youth on his return to his friend after three days' absence.
The poet goes on to hope that this love may be mutual and perpetual.
It is ended with a strain in honour of the Megarensians, on account
of their having instituted annual kissing-matches at the tomb of Dio-
cles. For the different opinions of commentators, &c., on the author-
ship of this Idyll, see the edition of Kiessling, London, 1829, at the
head of the 12th Idyll.

HAST thou come, dear youth, after three nights and morn-
ings ? Hast thou come ? l Yet those who long, grow old
in a day. As much as spring is sweeter than winter, as much
as the apple than the sloe, as much as a sheep is more woolly
than its lambkin, as much as a virgin is better than a thrice-

Ovid. Met. xiv. 28, Melius sequerere volentem

Optantemque eadem, parilique cupidine captam.

24 Eel. ii. 73, Invenies alium, si te hie fastidit, Alexim.

25 Horat. Od. I. ix. 19, Lenesque sub noctem susurri,

Composita repetantur hora.
At TIQ in the next line, compare Juvenal Sat. i.,

Aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris et carcere dignum
Si vis esse aliquid.

28 f) for ?; a, which should perhaps be written.

1 Horn. Od. r. 360, al\}/a. yap iv KO.KOTTITI f3po-ol KaTayrjpdffKovoi.
Virg. Eel. vii. 43, Si mihi non hajc lux toto sit longior anno.

6—19. IDYLL XII. 63

wed wife, as much as a fawn is swifter than a calf, as much
as a clear-voiced nightingale most musical of all birds toge-
ther ; so much have you gladdened me 2 by having appeared :
and I have run to thee, as some traveller runs to the shelter
of a shady beech when the sun is scorching. 3 Would that the
loves might breathe upon both of us evenly, and we might be-
come 'a song ' 4 to all who shall come after.

' In truth, a certain pair of men were thus affected one to-
ward another ; the one 5a lover (eiWj'TjXoe), as one, who spoke
the Amyclaean dialect, would say ; and the other again the
Thessalian would call thus, c ' the beloved' (diVay). And 7they
loved each other with equal yoke. Surely then, I wot, were
golden men of yore, when he that was loved requited that
love.' Yes, would that this might be, O father Jove, would it
might be, O undecaying immortals ; and 8 two hundred gener-
ations afterwards some one might bring word to me, unto

2 For a similar grouping of similitudes. See Pope Past. iii. 43 — 46,

Not bubbling fountains to the thirsty swain ;
Not balmy sleep to labourers faint with pain ;
Not showers to larks, nor sunshine to the bee,
Are half so charming as thy sight to me.

Drummond of Hawthornden, from whom Warton thinks Pope took the
idea of this passage, comes very near Theocritus.

Cool shades to pilgrims, whom hot glances burn,
Are not so pleasing as thy safe return.
Virg. Eel. v. 16, Lenta salix quantum pallenti cedit olivae,
Puniceis humilis quantum saliunca rosetis,
Judicio nostro tantum, &c.
And for the sentiment of the eighth line, see Horat. Od. iv. 5,

Vultus ubi tuus
Affulsit populo, gratior it dies
Et soles melius nitent.

3 Tibull. II. i. 80, At ille

Felix, cui placidus leniter afflat amor.

4 Propert. i. 15, 24, Tu quoque uti fieres nobilis historia.

5 Amyclse was a city of Laconia having a temple of Apollo, south of
Sparta. tioTrvqXog, from liairv'tti), is a Laconic word, used by Callimach.
Fragm. 169, p. 505, (Ernesti).

6 diTTjt;, a Thessalian word, which Welcker thinks is a form of fiiOiof.

7 "iff(f> £vyy. Pliny Epist. III. ix. 8, Cum uterque pari jugo, non pro
se, sed pro causa, niteretur. xpvatiot iraXat, avSptg. Comp. Aristoph.
Nub. 1024 ; Horat. Od. I. v. 9, Qui iiunc te fruitur credulus aurea ; and
Virg. Georg. ii. 538, Aureus hanc vitam in terris Saturnus agebat.

8 Virg. JEn. iv. 387, Audiam ; et hsec manes veniet mihi fama sub
imos. aveKoSov. Cf. Virg. ./En. vi. 426, Evaditque celer ripam irre-
meabilis undae. And ibid. 126,

64 THEOCRITUS. 19—37.

Acheron, whence we return not, ' Thy love and that of thy
graceful loved one is even now in the mouths of men, and espe-
cially among the youths.' But in truth, of these things indeed
the celestials will be arbiters, as they choose ; yet I, in praising
thee as the beautiful, 9 shall not breed fib-marks on the top of
my nose. For even if you should have pained me at all, you
have immediately made the hurt innocent, and doubly gratified
me, so I have departed having good measure.

10 O Nisaean Megarensians, excelling at the oars, may yc
dwell happily, since ye have n honoured especially the Attic
stranger Diocles, the lover of youths. Ever about his tomb in
crowds, in earliest spring, youths contend to bear off the prize
of kisses. And whoso shall have pressed most sweetly lip to
lip, goes back to his mother loaded with garlands. Happy
he, who is arbiter of those kisses for the lads. Surely, me-
thinks, he oft 12 invokes the gladsome Ganymede, that he may
have a mouth like the Lydian stone, by which money-changers
try gold, whether it be base or pure.

Facilis descensus Averni

Sed revocare gradus, superasque evadere ad auras
Hoc opus, hie labor est.

9 apcurjc, Koehler, Dahl., Kiessling, read aKpaifjq, which makes a much
better sense. Compare Idyll ix. 30, and the passages there quoted. \l/tvS(a
= signa mendacii. Wordsw. would have dpau;£ retained, but translated
not as "exilis," but "tenerae."

10 Niscean, of Niseea, the sea-port and arsenal of Megara.

11 Diocles, an Athenian, became a hero of the Megareans, for dying
in defence of a youth in battle. See Scholiast. A festival was held in
the spring to his memory, and the youth who gave the sweetest kiss
received a garland.

12 He invokes Ganymede, that he may have as serviceable a mouth
for testing rival kisses, as the Lydian stone is useful to money-changers,
to test pure and alloyed gold. Wordsw., in a long note, suggests the
reading ?xy TVTTOV for irtjTvpov, i. e. whether it have a false stamp.

IDYLL XIII.

HYLAS.
ARGUMENT.

The poet premising somewhat about the power of love over gods and
men, opens the subject of the rape of Hylas with a description of the
love and care of Hercules for the lad. When the Argonauts had put
to shore at the land of the Cyanians, on the coast of the Propontis,
Hylas was sent by Hercules to fetch water. Whilst drawing from the
fountain, in a lovely spot, he is drawn in by the Nymphs, who are
captivated by the exceeding beauty of the boy. Hercules, suspecting
some mishap from the delay of Hylas, sets out in quest of him ; and
as his fruitless search detains him a long time, he is left behind by the
Argonauts, who suppose he has quitted them purposely. The hero
goes afoot to Colchis. This Idyll is Epic in its character, but with
such a touch of Bucolic sweetness about it as to win it a high place
among the Idylls of Theocritus. Note the description of the fountain,
vs. 40, and the anxiety of the Nymphs to console the lad, 54 — 59.

NOT for us alone, as we used to suppose, my Nicias, did he
beget Eros, to l whomsoever of the gods this child was once
born : nor to us first, who are mortals, 2 and do not see the
morrow, do the things that are beautiful appear to be beauti-
ful. But even the 3 brazen-hearted son of Amphitryo, who
sustained the attack of the fierce lion, was enamoured of a lad,
4 the graceful Hylas, that wore the curly locks, and he taught

1 Compare the lines of Virg. Georg. iii. 242, beginning, Omne adeo
genus in terris hominum, &c. The father of Cupid is unknown. Com-
pare Meleager Epigr. xci.,

Haxpo?, <5' oiiKtT' EX6" 0P^?£l" TIVOS' ouTf. yup aiQrip
Ou "xdwv (p\]m Tt^tlv TOV Opaavv ou TrtXayos.

2 Comp. Callim. Epigr. xv. Eurip. Alcest. 783,

KOVK IffTlV OUOEIS OO-TIS ffctTTlCTTaTal

TIJV avpiov fjLt\\ov(rav f.1 filoxriTCtl.

3 Cf. Horn. II. ii. 490. Horat. Od. I. iii. 9,

Illi robur et SES triplex
Circa pectus erat.
Mosch. iv. 44, infr., TTE T/OT;? oy' t^wv voov fjk (ri&ripov KdftTfpov iv GTijOiGai.

4 Virg. Georg. iii. 6, Cui non dictus Hylas puer 1 Val. Flacc. Argon,
iii. 545, seq., who represents him to have been caught while hunting.
Propert. I. xx. 15, seq. 45,

Cujns ut accensce Dryades candore puellce,

Miratse solitos destituere chores
Prolapsum leviter facili traxere liquore :

Turn sonitum rapto corpore fecit Hylas.

Herodot., vii. 193, says this happened at Pagasac in the bay of Magnesia.

66 THEOCRITUS. 8 — 22.

him every thing, as a father would his own child, by having
learned which he had himself become good and illustrious :
and he was never apart from him, not even if mid-day were
rising, nor when the white-horsed chariot of Aurora was
mounting to the halls of Jove, nor when the chirping young
birds looked to their nest, their mother having fluttered her
wings upon her dusky perch : in order that the boy might be
5shapemvith care according to his mind ; and drawing well with
him, might turn out a perfect man. 6 But when Jason, son of
.^Eson, was sailing in quest of the golden fleece, and the nobles
were following along with him, chosen out of all cities, 7 be-
cause there was some help in them, there came also to rich
8Iolchos the much-enduring son of Alcmene, heroine of 9Midea.
And with him Hylas went down to the well-benched Argo,
which vessel touched 10not the jostling Cyanean rocks, but

5 irEirova.fit.voQ, educatus. Matthiee. Eur. Iph. Aul. 207. Dissen: Pindar
Ol. vi. 11. J. W. avT<lJ 8' fv f\Ku>v, a metaphor taken from beasts of
burden, and avrtfH said as if it were avv avrtp, (Toup.) Hercules is re-
presented never leaving the side of Hylas, in order that the boy, drawing
the plough straight on, might turn out well. Others read avrdi, and
understand TO f/Oog, " drawing his morals from him." Xoehler reads
avr& £' ili t'Xicwv, i. e. 'i\Kwv i% avrov ab ipso sumens exemplum.
Wordsw., avra> S' t£ aiK\wv, ejus ex consortio, proprie mensa communi,
in virum fortem evaderet. aiicXov was the evening meal at Sparta.

6 Yirg. Eel. iv. 34, Alter erit turn Tiphys, et altera quae vehat Argo

Delectos heroas.
" wv 6<pt\6e ri, i. e. on ToiiTuv ijv 6<f>i\og n. II. xiii. 236, OIK' o

8 lolchos, or Colchis, the seat of government of ^Eetes, father of Me-
dea, situate on the Euxine.

9 Of Midea, a city of Bceotia, mentioned by Horn. II. /3. 507, in cata-
logue of ships, bestowed by Sthenelus on Atreus and Thyestes, uncles of
Eurystheus.

10 Kvavtav — ffvvSpofidSwv. Milton Parad. L.,

Harder beset,

And more endangered, than when Argo pass'd
Through Bosphorus, betwixt the jostling rocks.

The jostling rocks, Kvavtai, vijffoi, were supposed to close on all who
sailed between them. Eurip. Med. 2. -Androm. 796. Sv^TrXj/yaocrc.
They were two small islands opposite the Thracian Bosphorus. Ovid.
Trist. I. x. 34, Transeat instabiles strenua Cyaneas. — Phasis, a river of
Colchis. — SiiZaiZt — /Jtya \airp.a. It seems clear in this passage that
fiaOi'v — <baaiv must be taken parenthetically, and /^eyo Xcur/ia be re-
ferred to SifKd'iKt. Lobeck, at Soph. Ajax, vs. 475, 476, p. 267—269, brings
forward several instances of the construction of the verb and its dependent
noun being interrupted by an intervening secondary clause. Hesiod.
Theog. 151. Eur. Ion, 700.

23—39. IDYLL XIII. 67

shot through, (and ran into deep Phasis :) like an eagle, a
great surge, from out which at that time low rocks stood.

11 And what time the Pleiads rise, and far-away spots are feed-
ing the young lamb — spring having now turned — then the

12 godlike flower of heroes began to recollect the voyage, and
having taken their seats in the hollow Argo, came to the
Hellespont, 13 at the third day's blowing of the south wind.
And they found an anchorage within the Propontis, where
oxen widen the furrows of the Cyanians, as they 14rub the
ploughshare. Having landed then on the shore, they busily
prepared a feast 15 at evening by pairs : and many of them
strewed for themselves one couch-on-the-ground. For by
them lay a broad meadow, suitable for beds of leaves. 1G Thence
they cut for themselves the sharp flowering-rush and low gal-
ingal. And the auburn-haired Hylas had gone to fetch water
for supper, for both Hercules himself and the staunch Tela-
mon, (both which comrades used alway to 17feed at one table,)
with a brazen vessel ; — and quickly he spied a fountain in a

11 Lambs born mostly in November and December were weaned and
sent to feed apart after four months ; this would be about April, and the
rising of the Pleiads from April 22nd to May 10th, brought in fine
Aveather commonly. Virg. Georg. iv. 231, 232,

Taygete simul os terris ostendit honestum
Pleias.

12 dwTOf. This word (cf. Id. ii. 2) is used for any thing best of its kind.
Pindar, Ol. Od. ii., (tovaiKriQ awrov ripwow atarov. Ibid., aTttpdvwv awrov.
Horn. II. ix. 657, \ivoto XtTrrov awrov. Something like it is 2Esch. Prom.
v. 7, dv6og Trvpof. Virg. (Eel. iv. 34) calls them " delectos heroos."

13 vory — akvTi. Dative for genitive. Matt. Gr. Gr. § 562, 2. The
dative absolute is used instead of the genitive, as the subject of the par-
ticiple may be considered as that in reference to which the action of the
verb takes place. Herodot. vi. 21. Thuc. viii. 24. Xenoph. H. Gr.
III. ii. -25.

14 "Virg. Georg. i. 46, Et sulco attritus splendescere vomer.

15 StifXivoi, at evening. Adject, for adv. Matt. Gr. Gr. § 446, 8.
Horn. II. a. 497, tjcpt'i}. II. /3. 2, vavvv\ioi. II. a. 423, Zfvg x<?i?6f t(3i].
Horat. Epod. xvi. 51, Nee vespertinus circumgemit ursus ovile.

16 pooTopov, " butomus," the flowering rush. Theophr. Kinreipov, (5,
45,) galingal. Fawkes considers the former to be the same with the
" carex acuta," mentioned by Virg. Georg. iii. 231.

17 Saivvvro Tpairf£a)>, a sort of cognate accusative, or blending, as some
say, of two ideas, i. e. Saivvfitvov ?%£iv TpdirtaSav, and SaivvaOai. Soph.
Ajax, 30, irr)dav nidia. Theoc. Id. xv. 122. A poll. Rhod. gives an
account of this, i. 1207 ; and Propert. I. xx. 23,

At comes invicti juvenis processerat ultra
Raram sepositi quaerere fontis aquam.
F 2

68 THEOCRITUS. 40—58.

low-lying spot ; and around it grew many rushes, and the
pale-blue 18 ' swallow-wort,' and green ' maiden-hair,' and
blooming parsley, and couch-grass stretching through the
marshes : and in the midst of the water, Nymphs were mak-
ing ready a dance, sleepless Nymphs, dread goddesses to rus-
tics, 19 Eunica and Malis, and Nychea with a look like spring.
In sooth20 the boy was holding over the fountain an urn that
might contain a copious draught, hastening to plunge it ; when
they all clung to his hand : for love for the Argive boy had
encircled the tender hearts of them all : and 21 he fell sheer
into the black water, like as when a ruddy star hath fallen
from the sky sheer into the sea, and a sailor has said to his
22 shipmates, ' Loosen the ship's tackle, my lads, here's a breeze
for sailing ! ' The Nymphs indeed holding on their knees the
weeping boy, began to console him with gentle words ; 23 whilst
the son of Amphitryon, disturbed about the lad, went, with his
well-bent bow and arrows 24 after the Scythian fashion, and
the club which his right hand ever used to hold. Thrice indeed

18 \i\iS6viov,' swallow-wort or celandine. aSiav-ov, a water-plant,
" capillus Veneris," •' maiden-hair." Theopbr. aypuxmp, (Odyss. vi. 90,)
triticum repens.

19 Cf. Aves Aristoph. 1169, irvppixqv /3\s7rwv, bellicum intuens.
Matt. Gr. Gr. § 409, 2. JEsch. S. c. Theb. 500. Chapman quotes here
a rich parallel from Kit Marlow.

20 Comp. Propert. I. xx. 43,

Tandem haurire parat demissis flumina palmis,

Innixus dextro plena trahens humero.
-' dOpoog. Virg. Georg. i. 365, Saepe Stellas — videbis

Prsecipites ccelo labi.
See too Horn. II. 5. 45. Ov. Met. ii. 319,

Volvitur in prseceps, longoque per aera tractu
Fertur, ut interdum de ccelo stella sereno
Etsi non cccidit, potuit cecidisse videri.

22 o;rXa, generally ship's tackle, specially her cordage, cables, &c., as
Ezech. Spauheim shows in Callimach. H. to Delos, 315. It seems in all
its senses to resemble " arma " in Latin. Virg. ^En. iv. 574, Solvite vela
citi. Ov. Fast. iii. 586, Findite remigio, navita dixit, aquas.

23 For a rather diffuse parallel, compare Valer. Flacc. Arg. iii. 570.

24 MaiwnoTj, in Scythian fashion. The lake Moeotis is in Scythia,
near the mouth of the Phasis. The Scholiast tells us Hercules learned the
use of the bow from Teutarus, a Scythian, the herdsman of Amphitryon.
-<En. viii. '219, Hie vero Alcidae furiis exarserat atro

Felle dolor : rapit arma manu, nodisque gravatum
Robur —

58—75. IDYLL XIII. 69

lie 25 shouted Hylas to the full depth of his throat, and thrice,
I wot, the boy 26 heard: and a thin voice came from the
water ; but though very near he seemed to be afar off. 27 And
as when a well-bearded lion, some savage lion on the moun-
tains, upon hearing a fawn crying afar off, hastes from his lair
towards a most ready meal, in such wise Hercules kept moving
about among the impassable briers through regret for the lad,
and kept ranging over much space.

Hapless are they who love ! How he toiled in roaming over
28 mountains and thickets ! and Jason's enterprise was all
secondary to it.

The ship indeed was waiting with its sails floating in air ;
and the youths of 29 them that were present, kept washing the
hatches at midnight, in expectation of Hercules : he however
was going madly wherever his feet led him, for a cruel god
was tearing his heart inwardly. 30 Thus indeed most beauteous
Hylas is numbered one of the blest immortals. But the heroes
began to revile Hercules as a deserter of the ship, because he
had withdrawn from Argo of the thirty benches. And he
came a-foot to Colchis, and to 31 inhospitable Phasis.

25 Virg. Eel. vi. 43,

His adjungit, Hylan nautae quo fonte relictum
Clamassent, ut littus Hyla, Hyla, omne sonaret.
Spenser, Faery Queen, b. iii. c. 2,

And every wood, and every valley wide,

He fill'd with Hylas' name, the Nymphs eke Hylas cried.

28 Propert. I. xx. 49, 50,

Cui procul Alcides iterat responsa, sed illi

Nomen ab extremis fontibus aura refert.

-: Compare Horn. II. xviii. 318. Lucret. ii. 355. Ov. Met. v. 164.
•3 d\fiivoQ is joined with an accusative. Eurip. Helen. 539. Bion,
Id. i. 20, has avd SpVfioi'G a\d\T]Tai.

29 Instead of the obscure T£>V irapiovTwv, Graefius suggests r<av
TToCtwvwv, i. e. the sheets or ropes fastened to the corners of the sails by
which they are tightened or slackened. The line will then stand,

Naus u.iviv apfLtv i^oiati jU£Tap<ria Ttov iroSttbvtev.
Navis stabat antennas habens intentas (vel expansas) ex pedibus.
Compare Virg. .<En. v. 830,

Una omnes fecere pedem, pariterque sinistros
Nunc dextros solvere sinus : um\ ardua torquent
Cornua, detorquentque : Ferunt sua flamina classem.
But perhaps the most simple and likely emendation is that of Words-
worth, who for rStv Traptovrwv reads iriav Ttaptovrtiiv, sociis praesentibus.
3" Virg. yEn. vii. 211, Regia cocli

Accipit, et numero divorum altaribus addit.
31 a£fvo£. Ovid. Trist. III. ii. 7, Inhospita littora Ponti.

IDYLL XIV.

THE LOVE OF CYNISCA, OB THYONICHUS.

ARGUMENT.

^Eschines, jilted by a maiden of whom he was enamoured, declares to
Thyonichus the causes of their quarrel. This leads to an explanation
of his heart-sickness, and especially to an account of the banquet, at
which their quarrel had arisen. After this ^Eschines declares to his
friend his purpose of crossing the seas, to find relief for his griefs.
Thyonichus approves and urges him to go and serve in the armies of
Ptolemy ; of which monarch a graceful eulogy follows. It seems hence
not unlikely that this Idyll, which is not of the pastoral kind, was either
composed at Alexandria, or at any rate intended for the eye of the
monarch.

^ESCHINES. THYONICHUS.

j^Eschines. GOOD morrow to Sir Thyonichus.

Thyonichus. l Well, the same to you, .^Eschines.

jEsch. How late you are !

Thyon. Late ? And what is your care, pray ?

JEsch. I am not in the best condition, Thyonichus.

Thyon. Therefore I suppose you are lean, 2 and that upper
lip1 is covered, and your locks are unkempt. Such a sort of
3 fellow was a Pythagorean, that arrived here but lately, pale
and 4 unsandaled, and he said that he was an Athenian. In
truth that man too, methinks, was longing for baked flour.

Ibid. IV. iv. 55, Euxini littora Ponti

Dictus ab antiquis Axenus ille fuit.

1 dXXd TV UVTOV. So Reiske reads instead of the common rot avrif,
which will not stand. TO UVTOV, i. e. volo et ego te ipsum salvere. Reiske
also conjectures d\Xa Toiavra Kia^ivq., sc. /SovXoyuai yiyvtaQai. Better
perhaps is TV CLVTOQ, " immo te ego ipse."

2 Juvenal ix. 12, Vultus gravis, horrida siccae

Silva comae : nullus tota nitor in cute.

3 Pythagorean tenets and Athenian citizens were objects of special
ridicule to the luxurious and easy Sicilian. Idyll iv. 21, is an instance
of this. Compare Aristoph. Nub. 103, 104, rovg w^joioivrac, rovf
dvv~odi)rovc; \tytig .

4 "KavvTroSaTOf. Ezech. Spanheim, in Callim. H. in Cerer. 125, shows
that this was the custom of mourners, and persons engaged in solemn
sacrifice, &c. Compare Bion, Idyll i. 21, Venus Adonidem lugens,
aadvSaXos dicitur. Cf. 2 Sam. xi. 30. Ezechiel xxiv. 17.

8—23. IDYLL XIV. 71

5 You are always joking, good sir : but me the
graceful Cynisca wrongs ; 6 and I shall go mad without one
knowing it, within a hair's breadth.

Thyon. You are ever thus, good ^Eschines, 7 mild or sharp,
wanting every thing on the spur of the moment ; but tell me,
however, what news ?

jEsch. The Argive, and I, and Apis, the Thessalian driver
of steeds, and Cleonicus, the soldier, were drinking at my
country place. I had killed a couple of young fowls and a
sucking pig, and had broached for them the fragrant Thracian

8 wine, almost four years old, as mild as if from the wine-press.

9 A Colchian mushroom had been brought out : 'twas a sweet
drink. And when the cup was now making way, it pleased
us 10that neat wine should be poured forth to the health of
whomsoever each chose, only he was bound to say to whose.
We indeed began to drink naming our loves, as it had been
determined. But she said nothing, though I was present.
What mind, think you, had I then? u ' Won't you speak?
you have seen a wolf,' said some one sportively, 'as the wise
man said.' Then she fired up ; you might have lighted

s irniffcug txwv. For this redundancy of the participle, see Matt. Gr.
Gr. § 567, last clause, p. 986.

6 9pi% avd n'taaov. Only a hair's breadth. Prov. Plaut. Mostell
I. i. 60, Plumti haud interest patronus, an cliens, probior siet.

7 Martial, xii. 47, Difficilis, facilis, jucundus, acerbus es idem. Terent.
Heautont. III. i. 21.

8 Bibline is the name of a district of Thrace, the -wine of -which was
esteemed highly for its sweetness and lightness. Hesiod O. et D. 587.

9 /3oX/3og KoX%£iac, is the reading preferred by Kiessling, and trans-
lated here. Wordsworth, in a long and learned note, suggests for /3oX/36f
TIQ Ko\\iag to read /3oX/3oc, KTtig, (co^Xta^, a mushroom, a cockle, a shell-
fish : comparing Horat. Sat. II. iv. 33,

Ostrea Circeiis, Miseno oriuntur echini,
Pectinibus patulis jactat se rnolle Tarentum.

10 Compare Idyll ii. 152, ovvt\ epwTog 'Aicpartu tiri\(."lro.

11 AVKOV eldtg ; These words are those of one of the guests, following
up the words of ^Eschines, "Won't you speak 1" There is a joke upon
the word At'ncoc., (wolf or Lycus,) which shows the guest to have been
aware of Cynisca's passion, and to have been at the same time apt at
proverbs. See Virg. Eel. ix. 53, Vox quoque Ma>rim

Jam fugit ipsa : Mrcrim lupi videre priorcs.

St. Ambrose in Hexaem. on St. Luke x. 3, writes, Lupi, siquem priores
hominem viderint, vocem ejus feruntur eripere. See AVordsw. note at
this passage. In the next line Wordsw. would read for X" fityQa, K yQtro
from aiOtaOat.

72 THEOCRITUS. 24—41.

even a lamp with ease from her. 'Tis Lycus, yes, Lycus it is,
son of Labas our neighbour, tall and delicate, and to the fancy
of many, beautiful. His was that much talked-of love with
which she was pining away : and this had been thus quietly
whispered in my ear before : however I had not inquired into
it, 12to no purpose being a bearded man. And now then we
four were in the depth of our cups, when the Larissasan began
to sing ' My Lycus,' from the beginning, a kind of Thessalian
ditty, misguided mind as he had. But Cynisca on a sudden
began to weep more warmly than a maiden of six years be-
side her mother, longing for her bosom. Then I, the hot fellow,
whom you know, Thyonichus, struck her 13with my fist on the
side of the face, ay and another blow again : and she, having
drawn her robes up around her, went away out quickly. Do
not I please you, my pest ? Is another sweeter to you 14in the
bosom ? Go, caress another lover : for him those tears of thine
flow 15like sweet apples. And like as a swallow flies back
quickly to gather victuals, 1G fresh sustenance for her young
nestlings ; nay, more swiftly ran she from her soft seat, right

12 fidrav t/c dvSpa ytvfiwv, fig avSpa, i. q. pro viro, as Plaut. Mensechm.
II. ii. 14, prosano loqueris. See vs. 50, tig Siov, in the same construc-
tion. Compare Idyll x. 40, wfiot rw Trwywvoc;. The meaning of the sen-
tence is, I have not shown myself a man, because I did not examine the
matter.

13 7ri>£ £7Ti KoppaQ "HXacra — iXavva) is properly used of a blow given.
Horn. II. ii. 199. Theocr. Id. xxii. 104. Callim. H. in Cerer. 92, fjXaas
KairpoQ. Odyss. xix. 393, avc; f)\afff XIVK<[) oSovn. — ivl Kopprjt; Trarna-
anv. Demosth. 562, 9. Ovid. Amor. I. vii. 3,

Nam furor in dominam temeraria brachia movit :

Flet mea vesana lacsa puella manu.
Horat. Od. I. xvii. 24, Nee metues protervum

Suspecta Cyrum, ne mail dispari
Incbntinentes injiciat manus.
KaXXav avQtg, understand TrX^yjji/. Compare ^Esch. Agam. 1386, rplnjv

14 viroKoXirtOQ. Juvenal ii. 120, Ingens Coena sedet, gremio jacuit nova
nupta mariti.

14 TO. ad SaKpva jua\a — /ta\a for wg ftaXa. Mosch. iv. 56, 57, 9a\-
tpampa (u'jXiav. Kiessl. Dr. Wordsworth naturally thinks this absurd,
and would read Sdupvai for Sdicpva, h. e. Illi tune genac lacrimis madent.
But a writer in Class. Museum, vol. ii. 294, suggests caXd for /*a\a,
where the adjective would be an emphatic predicate, " Your tears are
very pretty to him.1' Or KaXd, as Briggs says, might stand for KaXwQ.

l" Cf. Horn. II. ix. 323. Virg. /En. xii. 473,

Nigra velut magnas domini cum divitis ades
Pervolat, et pennis atria lustrat hirundo.

42—58. IDYLL XIV. 73

through the vestibule and folding-doors, I7 wherever her feet
bore her. In truth there is a saw spoken, 18 ' The bull has
gone to the wood.' 'Tis twenty now, and eight and nine and
ten days beside ; to-day is the eleventh, add two : and 'tis
two months since we have been parted one from the other,
and, 19 after the Thracian custom, I have not shaven jnyself.
And to her now Lycus is 20 every thing, and to Lycus at night
the door is opened. 21 But I am neither worthy any ac-
count, nor am I numbered, wretched Megarensian, being in
most dishonoured plight. And if indeed I could love no more,
then every thing would go on as it ought: but now, 22at
last, as the mouse, so the saying is, Thyonichus, I have
tasted pitch. And what is the remedy for hopeless love, I
know not : only Simus, he who was enamoured of the daughter
of Epichalcus, Simus, my equal in age, sailed abroad and came
back heart-whole. 23I too will sail across the sea : I shall be
neither the worst, nor perhaps the foremost, but an ordinary
kind of soldier.

Thyon. Would that indeed what you desire could turn out
to your mind, JEschines ! But if in sooth you are thus deter -

17 a iroSfg dfov. Herat. Epod. xi. 20, Ferebar incerto pede. Cf.
Idyll xiii. 70.

18 This proverb is said of those that return not : as the bulls which
take shelter in the wood, cannot be caught again. Scholiast. "Wordsw.
would read -i, j3s/3aKtv raupoc, dv v\av. He quotes very appositely Soph.
(Ed. Tyrann. 476—478.

18 The Thracian mode of shaving was so imperfect, that, in Greek
judgment, it passed for unshavenness. The words imply, "Nor have I
been shaven even so far as to look like a Thracian." Horn. II. iv. 533,
calls the Thracians aKpoicofioi. Cf. Herodot. i. 122.

20 irdvTa. See Matth. Gr. Gr. § 438, p. 724, (edit. 1832,) for this
use of iravTct.

21 An allusion to the Pythian response to the Megarensians, seeking
to know their rank among Greek states.

u/i£i« £' to Mtyapj/ss OUTE i-pi-rot, OU-TE Ti-rapToi
ovTt cutaotKaToi, OVT' iv Xoyu), OUT iv dpiQfjita.
Cf. Callim. Epigr. xxvi.

M The proverb of the mouse touching pitch is applied to things
troublesome to be retained, yet hard to get rid of. Compare Ecclus. xiii. 1.
43 For the benefits of this cure for heart-ache, compare Propert. iii. '-'1,
Magnum iter ad doclas proficisci cogor Athenas :

Ut me longa gravi solvat amore via.

In the next line for bpaXbe £i TIQ 6 errpariwraf, Wordsworth proposes
o/iaX6e Si rig ol, illi : that is, to Simus : which seems highly probable.
" Not a very bad, nor a first-rate soldier, but much such another as Simus."

74 THEOCRITUS. 58—70.

mined to go abroad, Ptolemy is the very best of pay-masters
to a free-man.

JEsch. And in other respects, what kind of man is he ?

Thy on. The very best to a free-man ; indulgent, fond of
the Muses, given to love, pleasant in the extreme. He knows
him w^o loves him, still better him that loves him not : gives
much to many : not refusing, when asked ; as a king should
be. But it is not right to ask on every occasion, ^Eschines.
So that if you are minded to clasp the top of your mantle up-
on your right shoulder, and 24 standing firm on both feet will
have the nerve to bide the onset of the bold warrior, off with
all speed to Egypt ! We all become old men, beginning from
the temples, and time that maketh gray creeps on by degrees
to the chin. Those must do something, 25 whose knee is fresh
and active.

IDYLL XV.

THE SYRACUSAN WOMEN ; OR, ADONIAZUS^E.

ARGUMENT.

This Idyll describes a festival in honour of Adonis, kept at the cost of
Arsinoe, with great pomp, at Alexandria ; and it affords the poet an
opportunity for lauding the queen, and through her, king Ptolemy also.
Two Syracusan women who have Alexandrian husbands, in a low rank
of life, start out with their maids to the palace, to see the show. The Idyll
has three scenes, so to speak— first, the dialogue between Gorge and
Praxinoe, at the house of the latter ; — then their adventures in the
way to the palace ; — and lastly, the interior of the palace, and the battle
of words between these women and a stranger, which is hushed by the
song of a female minstrel in honour of Adonis : when this is ended,
they return home. The poem is true to life in its lighter and more
homely parts; and is also remarkable for the graceful introduction of
praise of the royal family.

84 ETT' a/i^orEpoioi (understand -jroa'i). Tyrtseus i. 53,
'A\/\a Tts tv 5ia/3cis /xEutTeo Trocrlu afjL(f)OTtpoicn
2T?)pi)(0£ts eiri yn<s, xil\oi oSoviri SaKaiv.

25 Horat. Epod. xiii. 4, Dumque virent genua.
Aristoph. Acharn. 218, vvv 5' tTrtidi} aTtppov ijSt] rovfj.bv dvTiKVTjf

1—9. IDYLL XV. 75

CHARACTERS.

GORGO. PRAXINOE. OLD WOMAN. FIRST STRANGER.
SECOND STRANGER. SINGING WOMAN.

Gorgo. Is Praxinoe within ?

Praxinoe. Dear Gorgo, how late you are ! I am afc home.
'Tis a wonder you have come even now. 1 See for a chair
for her, Eunoe : and put a cushion on it.

Gorg. 2It does very well.

Praxin. Be seated.

Gorg. Oh ! my unbroken spirit, with difficulty have I
reached you in safety, Praxinoe, the crowd being great, and
the chariots many. Every where there are 3 booted men ;
every where cavaliers ; and the road is toilsome, and you live
too far from me.

Praxin. For this reason that 4 madman came to the extre-
mity of the world, and took 5 a den, not an habitation, in order

1 opr] Si(ppov. Compare Horn. Odyss. viii. 443, Avrog vvv ISe rriSJfta.
Somewhat less simple is the phrase in Iliad ii. 384, iv Ss TIG appaTot;
afifyiQ i£wv. J. Wordsworth compares Cic. ad Attic, v. I, Antecesserat
Statius ut prandium nobis videret. Terent. Heautout. III. i. 50, As-
perum, pater, hoc est : aliud lenius, sodes, vide. Soph. Aj. 1165.
Juvenal viii. 96.

2 t%ii (cdXXiora, it does excellently well. The Latins use " recte "
thus. Terent. Eun. II. iii. 50, Rogo num quid velit. Recte, inquit.
Abeo. Horat. Epist. i. 7, 16, 62, At tu quantumvis tolle. Beuigne.
Valken. quotes here Plauti Stichus I. ii. 37, P. Mane pulvinum. An.
Bene procuras mihi : satis sic fultum est mihi.

3 KpriTr~iSiQ (the abstract for concrete) for KpriTriSrjtiopoi, or KiKmjiri-
Sdj/j,ivoi. So Eurip. Phoen. dyi^6i'f.vfia for Tjytjuwv. Troad. 420,
vviKpevpa for vi//i0?;. Iph. in Aul. 189, dairlg for dinriSotyopoi and
X6y^?j, for Xoyx»y06poi. (Ed. Col. 1312. Markland ad loc. Of the same
nuisance as that which she complains of, Juvenal says, Et in digito
clavus mihi militis haeret. In the next line, "Wordsworth suggests in
place of the corrupt tft the reading lift for u/jia, prsjeterea or simul. And
besides you live far off. He compares Soph. Alet. vii. 3. Thuc. i. 37,
KOI i'i ?roX(^ a/^ct avrapictj 9smv Kii/J,evr].

4 Trdpapoc, like 7rapi/opO£, (from d«i'pw,) strictly of a horse which draws
by the side of a regular pair ; (2) lying beside, at the side of, or out of
the way ; and so (3) beside oneself. Understand voov. Compare II. xxiii.
603. Archiloch. Fragm. 63. II. iii. 108, raW is for Sid ravra.

5 i\tov, (i. q. tlXeov or siXvov,) a lurking-place. Callim. H. in Jovem
25, iXvoiic tfidXovTo KifoJTrtra. Martial. Epigr. xi. 19,

Donasti, Lupe, rus sub urbe nobis : in quo nee cucumis jacere rectus,
Nee serpens latitare torta possit.

76 THEOCRITUS. 9—24.

that we might not be neighbours to each other ; a jealous
pest, ever the same for strife.

Gorg. Don't say such things, my dear, of your goodman
Deinon, in the presence of the little one. See, ma'am, how
he is looking at you !

Praxin. Never mind, little Zoppy, sweet child ! I don't
mean 6papa !

Gorg. The infant understands you, 7by'r Lady. Pretty
papa !

Praxin. That papa indeed lately, (and we call every thing
lately, you know,) going to buy 8 nitre and ceruse from a stall,
even came and brought me mere salt, 9 the great big oaf.

Gorg. Ay ; and my husband, Diocleidas, is just the same,
10 a ruin of money. For seven drachmas yesterday he bought
five fleeces, mere dog's-hair, mere pluckings of old wallets ; all
filth : trouble on trouble. But come, don your ufine robe and
your clasped kirtle. Let us go to the palace of the king, rich
Ptolemy, to be spectators of the ' Adonis.' I hear that the
queen is getting up a charming kind of affair.

Praxin. In the house of a fortunate person all is flourish-

6 air^ve. On this passage, compare Juvenal xiv. 47, Maxima debetur
puero reverentia, &c. Callim. H. in Dian. 6, aTrira. Like the Hebrew and
Chaldaic Abba, and our " Papa." Horn. II. v. 408, oiiSe n fiiv iraiStg
TTOTI yovvaai ira-nva^Qvaiv. Persius, Sat. Hi., Et similis regum pueris
pappare minutum. In point of fact, it is only one of the forms which are
the first utterances of the lisping child, just as ^ia\i\ia, mamma, for /i»jr»;p,
which are to be referred to common nature, rather than to any origin
in language.

7 rav Trorviav. Proserpine, by whom, as well as Ceres, Sicilian wo-
men would swear.

8 Nitre and paints of various colours ministered much to the dress and
cheeks of Greek women. Pollux vii. 95. Ov. Medicam. fac. v. 73,

Nee cerussa tibi, nee nitri spuma rubentis
Desit.
' A long lazy loon.

10 ipQopoG for $0opt t'c. Cf. Callim. H. in A poll. 113. \v 6 006poc, Cicer.
Terr. Act. i. 1, Pernicies provinciae. Terent. Adelph. II. i. 34, Perni-
cies adolescentium.

11 djuTrl^ovov, a fine upper robe. TripovarpiSa, (cf. 34, tyuTrfpovcr/ia,) a
robe fastened to the shoulders with a buckle, woollen in texture, sleeve-
less; closed on the right side, but on the left only kept together by a few
clasps, hence called <rx'Vro<; xirwi', &c. Liddell and Scott, Lex. in voc.
It was a Dorian garment. Cf. Herodot. v. 87, 88. Virg. JEn. iv. 139,
Aurea purpuream subnectit fibula vestem.

25—45. IDYLL XV. 77

ing. What 12you have seen, that you might tell, when you
have seen it, to them that have not seen it.

Gorg. It must be time to be off: to the idle 'tis ever holiday.

Praxin. Eunoe, 13 bring hither the tow el, and place it in the
middle again, good-for-nothing hussey : the cats want to sleep
softly. Come, stir, bring water quickly. I want water first.
See how she brings the towel. Well, give it me ! Don't
pour in too much water, wasteful ! wretched creature, why
are you wetting my kirtle ? That will do. 14 1 am washed
enough to satisfy the gods. Where is the key of the large
press ? Bring it hither.

Gorg. Praxinoe, that pelisse with ample folds greatly
becomes you ; tell me 15 how much did it stand you in from
the loom ?

Praxin. Don't mention it, Gorgo ! more than two pounds
of good silver. But I had set even my life upon the bargain.

Gorg. Well, it turned out to your wishes.

Praxin. Yes, you have said well. Bring me my cloak and
my parasol. Put it about me becomingly. I won't take you,
child. 1G Bugbear ! Horse bites ! Cry as much as you please :
but we must not have you become lame. Let us be moving.
Phrygian slave, take and play with the little man. Call the
do£ in. Shut the hall door.

17 Good gods ! what a crowd ! how and when must we pass
this nuisance ? They are numberless and measureless as

12 The reading which has been translated here, is that approved by
Kiessling, wv IStc;, 5>v £i7rai£ icat iSolaa TV T<$ firj idovrt, where the second
a>v stands for TOVTWV, the relative anciently serving as the demonstrative
pronoun not uncommonly. AVordsw., uv iStf wv titroiq KaTiSoiaa TV T(f
fj.fi ISovn. For wv — &vt repeated, see ii. 82, w£ — fug, iv. 39, ocrov — 80WW.W.

13 rb vafta, as was shown by Ahlward, is for vfjfjia, mantele, for vij/J.a
signifies quicquid ex filis conficitur ; this supplies a better sense than if
we took it to mean " water." In vs. 28, Praxinoe says that the cats are
snoozing on the towel before the fire." alps, afier, fetch hither. J. W.
Cf. Soph. Ajax, 545.

14 Praxinoe says that she has washed enough to satisfy even the gods,
the chief lovers of purity.

15 " Costing how much, did it come to you from the loom V Praxinoe
had bought the wool and other articles for it, and made it herself.

'° /^opjuoi, a word used to frighten children. fiopnvaffCTai is used
Callim. H. in Dian. 70, qu. v., and UOOLIU. Aristoph. Eq. G93, Ach. 582,
Vesp. 1038.

17 "Q Qeoi. Di boni, quid turbo; cst I Terent. Heaut. Act. 2. For the

78 THEOCRITUS. 45—62.

ants. Many good works have been done 18by you, O Ptole-
my. Since your sire has been among the immortals, no evil-
doer assaults the passenger, creeping up in the 19 Egyptian
fashion. Even as formerly men wholly made up of deceit
used to sport, like to each other in evil tricks, 20all worthless.
Sweetest Gorgo, what is to become of us ? Here are the war-
horses of the king. My good man, don't trample on me. The
chesnut charger has reared upright. See, how fiery he is.
Impudent Eunoe, will you not fly ? He will make an end of
his leader. I am very much delighted, that my child remains
in the house.

Gorg. Courage, Praxinoe : we are now in the rear of them.
And they have fallen 21 into their rank.

Praxin. I too am collecting myself at length. From a child
I have been very much afraid of a horse, and the 22cold snake.
Let us hasten on. What a vast crowd is pouring upon us !

Gorg. From court, good mother ?

Old Woman. I am, my daughters.

Gorg. Then is it easy to pass in ?

0. Worn. By trying the Greeks came into Troy. Fairest
of daughters, by trying, in truth, all things are accomplished.

simile of the ants, see Idyll xvii. 107. jEsch.'Prom. V. 451, atiavpoi
[ivpHr]KS£, and Horat. Sat. I. i. 33. Virg. ^En. iv. 401, Ac veluti in-
gentem formicae, &c.

18 Ptolemy Philadelphia deified his father Ptolemy Soter, son of Lagus,
and his mother Berenice. Compare Idyll xvii. Ifi, 123, ovfiut; KCIKO-
fpyof. See Herodot. i. 41, fit} Tivt£ KO.T 6Sov K\wTrtf Kaicovpyci fTri
dri\r)(rti (fxivtwai v^itv. And Baehr's note thereupon. J. W.

19 Propert. III. xi. 33, Noxia Alexandria, dolis aptissima tellus. Cic.
pro Rabir., Illinc (Alexandrite) omnes prsestigias — illinc inquam omnes
fallaciae, &c. Aristoph. Nub. 1138,

UHTT' i'<ru>9 j3ouXrj<7£Tai K«i> iv AlyvTTTw TV%£.lv fov /uaXAovfj Kpivai /.a/aws.
^Esch. Fragm. 309, Seivoi TrXtKtiv roi fir)\ava£ Aiyuirnoi.

20 iptioi, a dubious word, expressive of some sort of contempt for Egyp-
tians. Dr. \Vordsworth suggests "Eirttot, i. e. "all rogues like Epeus, the
builder of the fatal Trojan Horse." ^En. 264, Et ipse doli fabricator Epeus.
tXtioi, dwellers in the marshes, the common receptacle for Egyptian
rogues, is the best conjecture. Some read atpyoi, comparing St. Paul to
Titus i. 12, yatrriptg apyoi. ri ycvufiiQa — Of. Biomf. Gloss ad jEsch.
144. J. W. Below compare Virg. ^En. x. 892, Tollit se, arrectum
sonipes.

81 i^ x&pav, i. e. ti'e rt}v Ta£iv avrtZv. Schol. So ^uipav \a/3«Tv,
Xenoph. Callim. in Del. 192, TroStf Si 01 OVK tvi x^P?-

22 Virg. Eel. iii. 93, Frigidus, o pueri, fugite hinc, latet anguis in
herba. Comp. Eel. viii. 71, Sciunl quid in uurem rex reginse dixerit.

63—81. IDYLL XV. 79

Gorg. The old woman has departed, having delivered
oracles.

Praxin. 23 Women know every thing : even how Jove wed-
ded Juno.

Gorg. Observe, Praxinoe, what a throng around the doors !

Praxin. Prodigious ! Give me your hand, Gorgo. And
do you, Eunoe, take the hand of Eutychis ! Keep close to
her, that you may not be lost. Let us all go in together. Hold
tight to us, Eunoe. Oh ! wretched me ! my fine summer veil
has been torn in two at last, Gorgo. By Jove, if you would
be in any degree blest, good sir, keep off my robe.

Stranger. It is not in my power indeed : but still I will
keep off.

Praxin. The crowd is all in a heap. They push like boars.

Strang. Courage, madam, we are all safe.

Praxin. 24Next year and afterwards, dear sir, may you be
prosperous, for taking care of us as you did. What a good
compassionate man ! Our Eunoe is being hustled. Come,
wretched girl, burst through. Well done. We are all inside,
25 as the man said, when he shut in his bride.

Gorg. Praxinoe, come hither ! first observe the embroid-
ery ; how fine and elegant ! 26 you would say 'twas the robes
of goddesses.

Praxin. Our lady Minerva : what clever spinsters wrought
them ! What fine artists 27 have painted these life-like pic-

23 So Plautus Trinummus I. ii. 171, Sciunt quod Juno fabulata est
cum Jove, neque facta neque futura tamen illi sciunt. Comp. Horn. II.
xiv. 295, where it appears that the immortals had not this knowledge.

24 els wp«C> "i11 annum proximum." Comp. Horat. Od. I. xxxii. 2,

Quod et hunc in annum
Vivat, et plures.
<t>t\' avdputv. Ran. Aristoph. 1081, w a\kr\i avSpwv.

25 A proverb of the bridegroom, who, when he has shut himself and
his bride (a7ro<c\a£a£) in the nuptial chamber, says from his heart,
tvfoT iraaai. (crtrticXd^nro is so used, Idyll xviii. 5.

28 Theocrit. seems to have had an eye to the Odyss. x. 222, 223, in
this passage. Wordsw. suggests, and finds Hermann to have hit upon
the same idea, the reading for Trtpovafiaru — \tpvafi.ara, h. e. " the
handiwork."

27 Cicero in Hortensio apud Nonium Marcell. v. ' inanima,' " Cum
omnis," ait, " solertia admiranda est, turn ea qua; efficit, ut, inanima

80 THEOCRITUS. 82—95.

tures ? How true to nature they stand, and how true they
move ! They are breathing, and not inwoven. Man is a clever
kind of contrivance. And how admirably is he represented
as reclining on a 28 silver couch, just shedding the first down
from his temples, the thrice beloved Adonis, who is beloved
even in Acheron.

2nd Stranger. Ye wretched women, stop prating incessant-
ly, like turtles. They will wear us out, pronouncing all their
words broadly.

Gorg. Mother earth, where does the man come from ? And
what is it to you, if we are praters ? 29 When you have ac-
quired a right, order us ! Do you order Syracusan women ?
And that you may know this too, 30we are Corinthians by
descent, as was also Bellerophon. We speak in the Pelopon-
nesian dialect. And 'tis lawful, I suppose, for Dorians to speak
in the Doric.

Praxin. O Proserpine, may there 'never arise but one to
be my master. I do not care, 31 don't give me scant measure.

quae sint, vivere ac spirare videantur." Virg. jEn. vi. 848, JEra. spirantia.
Propert. III. yii. 9, 'Signa animosa.' Horat. ii. Sat. vii. 98,

Velut si

Re vera pugnent, feriant, vitentque moventes
Arma viri.

Our own poets speak of 'breathing marble.' See too Shaksp. Winter's
Tale, act v. scene 3, " Life lively mocked." On the contrary, Antony
and Cleopat. act iii. sc. 3,

Her motion and her station are as one :
She shows a body rather than a life ;
A statue than a breather.

aoijiov n XPW'- Ovid, ex Pont. II. vii. 37, Res timida est omnis miser.
Martial, x. Epigr. 59, Res est imperiosa timor, Ac. Senec. Ep. 25,
Homo sacra res. Cic. ad Quint. Fratr. ii. 13, Callisthenes quidem vul-
gare, et notum negotium.

48 Comp. Idyll xx. 21. Horn. Odyss. x. 318, Trpiv cnpiiJiv iiirb Kpord-
Qoiffiv lovXovQ 'AvOfjaai. Virg. 2En. viii. 160, Turn mihi prima genas
vestibat flore juventas. ^En. x. 324, Flaventem primii lanugine malas.

29 vayafiivoq. Kiessling aptly compares Plaut. Pers. II. iv. 2, Emere
oportet, quern tibi obedire veils, and Sophocl. (Ed. Colon. 839, /u»)
Viracrff' a fir} Kpareic. Add to these Plaut. Trinumm. IV. iii. 54.

30 Archias, the Corinthian, led a colony to Sicily and founded Syracuse.
Hence it is called in Idyll xvi. 83, 'Etyvpaiov darv. It was founded about
B. c. 733. See Thuc. vi. 3, (Arnold).

31 This passage is despaired of by Kiessling — it seems to have been
rendered not a whit clearer by the numbers of annotators who have
touched it. AVe must understand XOIVIKO. — y^oivixa airofia^a:, to give

96—117. IDYLL XV. 81

Gorg. Hush, Praxinoe, the sister of the Argive woman, a
very skilful songstress, who also excelled in the dirge of
32 Sperchis, is going to sing the Adonis. She will sing some-
thing fine, I am very sure. She is just now bridling up.

Singing Woman. 33 Mistress, that hast loved Golgus, and
Idalium, and lofty Eryx, Aphrodite, sporting in gold, how
lovely to thee, in the twelfth month, did the soft-footed Hours
bring back Adonis from ever-flowing Acheron ; dear Hours,
tardiest of the immortals : yet they come objects of longing,
ever 34 bringing something for all mortals : Dionaaan Venus,
thou indeed hast made, as the story of men runs, Berenice
immortal instead of mortal, having distilled 35 ambrosia into
the bosom of a woman : and paying grateful offerings to thee,
O thou of many names, of many temples, Arsinoe, the daugh-
ter of Berenice, resembling Helen, cherishes Adonis with all
good things. Beside him lie fruits in their season, whichso-
ever the topmost branches bear. And beside him tender
36 quick-growing plants, kept in silver baskets, and golden
caskets of 37 Syrian unguent, and honey-cakes, as many as wo-
men shape in a mould, mixing all kinds of flowers with the
white fine-meal : all shapes as many as are made of sweet honey,
and those that are wrought in moist oil, fowls and creeping

scant measure; hence, Ktviav djrofj.d^ai, to lose one's labour. Graefius
would read ytviav. "Wordsworth thinks the text may stand as it is,
judicrpav, a kneading-trough, being the ellipse, — or else that a7roic/\a£»jc.
should be read, and XaprctKa understood. Don't lock the empty chest.
Don't command me, over whom you have no right. It might possibly
mean, " Don't treat me as a slave, when I am as free-born as yourself."
ivog, i. e. Ptolemy.

32 Sperchis.] Herodot. vii. 134.

33 Golgus, a city of Cyprus, Idalium, a grove and mountain of the
same. Eryx, a mountain in Sicily sacred to Venus. Erycina ridens,
Horat. Od. I. ii. 32. Ibid. III. xxvi. 9, O quae beatam Diva tenes Cy-
prum. Catull. Ixiii. 96, Quajque regis Golgos, quaeque Idalium frondosum.

34 The Hours, and their functions. Idyll i. 150. Moschus ii. 160.
Ovid. Met. ii. 25.

w Berenice, cf. Idyll xvii. 36. Ambrosia was thus used by Cyrene.
Virg. Georg. iv. 415, for the same purpose. And Ovid Met. xiv. 606,

Ambrosia cum dulci nectare mista
Contigit os, fecitque Deum.

36 icijTroi here mean lettuce and other quick-growing plants in pots-
Hence, proverbially, pretty things that fade.

37 Ovid. Heroid. xv. TO, Non Arabo noster rore capillus olet. Said
of Syrian urunients.

82 THEOCRITUS. 118—137.

things, are present here for him. And verdant canopies,
weighed down with soft dill, are constructed ; and the ^ boy
loves are fluttering about overhead, even as young nightin-
gales, perching on the trees, flit about, making trial of their
wings, from bough to bough. O the ebony, O the gold, O ye
two eagles of 39 white ivory bearing to Jove, the son of Saturn,
a lad as cup-bearer. And above are purple rugs, softer
than sleep, 40 as Miletus will say, and whoso feeds flocks in
the Samian land. Another couch is strown for the beautiful
Adonis. One Venus occupies, the other rosy-armed Adonis,
the bridegroom of eighteen or of nineteen years. 41 His kiss does
not prick ; still his lips are reddish all round. Now, indeed,
adieu to Venus, enjoying her own husband. 42And at dawn
we in a body, along with the dew, will carry him out to the
waves foaming on the shore : and having unbound our hair,
and having loosened to the ancles the folds of our robes, with
bosoms sutfered to appear, will begin the clear-sweet song.
Alone of the demigods, as 'tis said, thou comest, dear

38 Compare Bion Epit. Adon. 80, uy<j>l Se plv, K. r. X., and Ovid. Amor,
iii. El. 9, Ecce puer Veneris, &c. Images of the Loves always graced
this festival.

3a Ganymede. JEn. i. 28, Rapti Ganymedis honores. V. 255,

Quern prtepes ab Ida

Sublimem pedibus rapuit Jovis armiger uncis.

Ovid. Fast. vi. 45, Rapto Ganymede dolebam. Spenser, Faery Queen
B. iii. canto ii. Hor. Od. IV. iv. 3, Expertus fidelem
Jupiter in Ganymede flavo.

40 avo), understand rov fcXtvrJjpoe. Milesian and Samian wools were
the finest. The testimony of the natives of these therefore would be highly
valued. Virg. Georg. iii. 306, 307, Quamvis Milesia magno.

Vellera mutentur Tyrios incocta rubores.

paXaicuTtpoi vTTVh). Cf. Idyll v. 58. Virg. Eel. vii. 45, Somno mollior
herba. Our own poets use the phrase "downy sleep."

41 oil KevTtl. Though his beard is Trvppog, reddish, his touch is not
rough, but soft. Tibull. I. viii. 32,

Cui levia fulgent
Ora, nee amplexus horrida barba terit.

42 Respecting the Adonia, see Smith's Diet. Gr. and R. Ant. p.«12.
We have allusion, to Adonis or Tammuz, Milton's Paradise Lost, i. 455,

Thammuz came next behind,
Whose annual wound in Lebanon allured
The Syrian damsels to lament his fate
In amorous ditties, all a summer's day,
While smooth Adonis from his native rock
Ran purple to the sea, supposed with blood
Of Thammuz yearly wounded.

137 — 149. IDYLL XV. 83

Adoni?, both hither and to Acheron : neither did Agamemnon
enjoy this privilege, nor the great Ajax, hero of grievous
wrath, nor Hector, the most honourable of the twenty sons of
Hecuba, nor Patrocles, nor Pyrrhus having returned from
Troy, nor those who were yet earlier in date, the Lapithre and

43 Deucalions, nor the descendants of Pelops, and Pelasgi,

44 eldest rulers of Argos. Be prosperous now, dear Adonis,
and mayest thou give pleasure 45next year ; both now thou hast
come, O Adonis, and whenever thou mayest arrive, thou wilt
come, dear.

Gorg. Praxinoe, the affair is very clever. The female is
fortunate in having so much knowledge — most fortunate, in
that she sings sweetly. However, it is time even for home :
Diocleidas is without his dinner. 4GAnd the man is vinegar
all over: and, if he is hungry, don't go near him. Farewell,
beloved Adonis, and go to those who rejoice at your coming.

IDYLL XVI.

THE GRACES ; OR, HIERO.

ARGUMENT.

This poem is written in praise of Hiero, son of Hierocles, tyrant of Sy-
racuse, a ruler of great moderation, and also of warlike renown, ac-
quired in his battles with the Carthaginians. The poet lashes the avarice
of most rulers ; who, he says, do not favour poets, and so prevent
their fame from gaining that immortality, which cannot be attained,
save by song. He goes on to praise Hiero as an honourable exception ;
and afterwards prays for the future safety and fortunes of Syracuse,
and of Hiero, its ornament and support. In conclusion he invokes the

43 AtvKaXitiivic, i. e. such as Deucalion. So Plutarch speaks

Kul Ayxitrat (cat Qpiuji/££ Kai Upa9iinvte. And Lougiiius cites a Trage-
dian speaking of "EKTOpsg Tt Kai 'SapirijSovtc.

44 "Apyfoc, aicpa, i. q. avToi(Qovt(;.

45 ti'c viwT. f/c TO tnibv ti viov tTog, \. Hesych. Heinsius, Briggs,
Wordsworth, prefer to read at verse 145, 76 xpfma ffoipuTtpov a 9ri\itn.
Just as at verse 83, aotyov TI xp'l^*' av9ptairoc.

16 o£oc I'nrav. Cf. Idyll iii. 19; xv. 20. Horat. Epist. I. xv. 29,
Impransus civem qui nou dignosceret hoste.

G'2

84 THEOCRITUS. 1—18.

Graces, to win favour for his strains. The poem was written in the
time of the Punic war, after Hiero's treaty with Rome (B. c. 263).
In character it is epic and encomiastic.

THIS is ever a care to the daughters of Jove, ever to poets,
to hymn immortals, lto hymn the glories of brave men. The
Muses indeed are goddesses ; goddesses sing of gods : but we
are mortals here ; let us mortals sing of mortals. 2 Yet who
of as many as dwell under the bright dawn, will open his
doors, and graciously welcome in his home our 3 Graces, and
not send them away again unrewarded ? Whilst they indig-
nantly return home with naked feet, flouting me much, because
they have gone on a fruitless journey ; and sluggishly again,
having thrust their heads upon their 4 starved knees, they
abide at the bottom of an empty coffer, where they have 6 a
dry seat, whensoever they shall have returned after a bootless
errand. Who of the present generation of men 6is of such a
nature as this ? Who, / mean, will love one that has spoken
Avell of him ? I know not ! for no longer, as of old, are men
anxious to be celebrated for worthy deeds, but they have been
conquered by gains. And every one keeping his hands in his
bosom, regards his 7 money, from what source it shall increase ;
and would not even rub the rust off, or give it to any one ; but
says immediately, 8 ' The shin is further off than the knee :

1 Horn. II. ix. 189, unfit $' apa K\ta dvdpwv. Odyss. viii. 73, Mover' dp'
cioidbv dviJKtv dttStfifvai K\ta avSpSiv. Horat. IV. viii. 28, Dignum
laude virum musa vetat mori.

* rig ydp. There is an ellipse of rovro BavfjtacrTov tanv — ydp supply-
ing the reason. It is a wonder that mortals sing the praise of mortals,
seeing how ill-requited they are.

3 \apiTag, i.e. his poems. For a similar prosopopoeia, see Horat. Epist.
i. 20, where he compares his book with a damsel desiring to go forth in
public.

4 i/^xpoTf, starved. Compare Aristoph. Plut. 262,

6 Sso-TTOTijs yap Qiicriv v [ids fjdtws airav-ras
\l/v%pov ftiov Kui OVCTKO\OV £*io"£ii/ aTraXXayiirras.

5 avt) — tdpa. Compare Idyll i. 51 ; viii. 44.

6 For ro(6f o« wort <pi\i?v rbv tv tiirovra. So Sophocl. CEd. Tyr.
1493, 1494, TIS OUTOS im-ai ; TIS Trapapf>i\]/£i TtKi/a

TOLUVT' ovtibi] \afij3civaji' ;

7 Compare Horat. Od. III. xvi. 17,

Crescentem sequitur cura pecuniam

Majorumque fames.

JITTO Ko\7rui. See Ov. Am. I. x. 18, Quo pretium condat, non habet ille
si num.

B Cicero quotes this proverb, Epist. ad Di versos, lib. xvi. Ep. 23,

19—34. IDYLL XVI. 85

let me have something myself. Gods honour poets. And
M'ho would listen to another ? Homer is enough for all. This
is the best of poets, who will carry off nothing from me.'
Strange men ! now what gain is your countless gold laid up
within ? Such is not the advantage of wealth to the wise :
but it is rather to give a part to 9 one's tastes, and a part also
to one of the poets : and to do good to many of one's 10 kins-
men, and many too of other men, and ever to perform sacrifices
to the gods ; n and not to be a bad host, but to send away a
guest having treated him kindly at one's board, whensoever he
may choose to depart : but chiefly to honour the sacred inter-
preters of the Muses, that, though buried in Hades, you may
be well spoken of ; and may not lament ingloriously in chilly
Acheron, like some 12 poor man, having had his hands made
callous inside by the spade, bewailing portionless poverty left
him by his fathers.

13 In the mansions of Antiochus and king Aleuas, 14 many

Nee tamen te avoco a syngrapha, yovv KvfjfiT}^. Athenoeus ix. 383,
yovv Kvf)[ir]<; tyytor. Plaut. Tunica pallio propior. Charity begins
at home. Shaksp. Two Gentleman of Verona, act ii. sc. 6, I to my-
self am dearer than a friend. Qeoi Tipwciv doiSovg, is equivalent to the
cant phrase, Providence will take care of poets.

8 ipvXV — Sovvcu, Genio dare, (Lat.) Horat. Epist. II. i. 144, Flori-
bus etvino Genium memorem brevis sevi. ^Esch. Pers. 827, \j/vxy ci-
' '

10 TTT/OC, " cognatus." See Odyss. \iii. 581, where the Schol. observes
that it denotes connexion secondary to blood relationship, for which it
was never expressly used. See Valken. Phoeniss. 431, — derived from
Tritrafiai.

11 Theocrit. had in view Odyss. xv. 68. Compare Pope's Imitation
of Horace, Sat. ii. 2,

Through whose free opening gate
None comes too early — none departs too late, &c.
For patriarchal hospitality, see Genesis xviii., xix.

12 axfjv, needy, a xaivw, akin to egenus. ^Eschylus uses the substan-
tive a\i]via. Choeph. 301. Ag. 419. Virg. JEn. vi. 436, Nunc et pauperiem
et duros perferre labores.

13 Aleuas, a king of Thessaly, one of a most powerful dynasty,
Herodot. vii. 6. Ovid Ibis, 327,

Quosque putas fidos, ut Larissreus Aleuas
Vulnere non fidos experiere tuo.

14 tfitTp^'jffavTO, i. e. fiirprj/jta tXaflov. Fawkes compares dpfin\tai>
tfifiqvov with the "Demensum," or monthly measure of Roman slaves.
Terence Phorm. Act. i. § 1,

Quos ille unciatim vix de demenso suo
Suum defraudans genium, comparsit miser.

86 THEOCRITUS. 35 — 48.

serfs had monthly provisions measured out to them : and many
calves lowed with horned heifers, as they were driven to the
stalls of the Scopadae : and shepherds would let out to feed
along the Crannonian plain, ten thousand choice sheep for the
hospitable Creondae : 15 yet had there been no pleasure to them
of these things, after that they had poured out their sweet
spirits into the broad bark of hateful Acheron ; and, out of
mind, having quitted those many and rich resources, they
would have lain long ages among the wretched dead, had not
the clever bard, 16the Ceian with his changeful song set to his
many-stringed lyre, made them illustrious to posterity ; n for
even swift steeds which came to them crowned from the sacred
contests, obtained a share in the honour. And who had ever
known the nobles of the 18 Lycians, who the sons of Priam

Hesiod, Op. 349, tv p.tv [itrpilaOai irapa ytirovoQ — Yltvloreu. — Thirhv.
History of Gr. i. 437. Each of the chief Thessalian cities exercised
a dominion over several smaller towns, and they were themselves the
seat of noble families, of the line of ancient kings, able generally to draw
to themselves the whole government of the nation. Larissa was thus
subject to the house of Aleuadae ; Crannon and Pharsalus, to the Scopadce
and Creondaj, branches of the same stock. The vast estates and flocks
and herds of these were managed by their serfs, the Penests, who, at
call, were ready to follow them to the field afoot or on horseback. Cf.
Herodot. vi. 127.

15 <T\i$iav. JEn. vi. 304, Et ferruginea subvectat corpora cymba ; for
the sentiment cf. Tibull. I. iv. 63,

Carmine purpurea est Nisi coma : carmina ni sint

Ex humero Pelopis noil nituisset ebur.
Hor. IV. viii. 22. Quid foret Ilia;

Mavortisque puer, si taciturnitas
Obstaret meritis invida Romuli.

Add Spenser, "Ruines of Time," quoted by Gaisford.
For not to have been dipt in Lethe lake

Could save the son of Thetis from to die,
But that blind bard did him immortal make,

With verses dipt in dew of Castalie.
Comp. Hor. IV. ix. 26—28 ; ii. 3, ad fin.

16 o Kri'iog. Simonides of Cos (B. c. 540) was the friend of Hipparchus
the tyrant, Pausanias the Spartan general, and Hiero the Syracusan
tyrant. He wrote, in Doric dialect, lyrics, elegies, epigrams, and dramatic
pieces.

17 'iirtroi, the victorious steeds from the games of Greece. Compare
Callim. in Cerer. H. 110,

Kal TOV at6\o<p6pov Kai TOV -rro\ifjLi'iiov ITTTTOV.

18 Xobles of the Lycians,] i. e. Sarpedon, Pandarus, Glaucus. Comp.

48—65. IDYLL XVI. 87

with the flowing locks, or Cycnus called feminine from his
complexion, had not bards hymned the battle-dins of olden
heroes? Not even Ulysses, though he wandered one hundred
and twenty months over all nations of men, and went alive to
extremest Orcus, and escaped the cave of the destructive Cy-
clops, would have had lasting renown : hushed too in silence
had been the swine-herd Eumaeus, and Philgetius busied
among the heifers of the herd, and great-hearted Laertes him-
self, had not the 19 songs of a man of Ionia befriended them.

From the Muses comes worthy renown to men ; but 20the
living consume the wealth of the dead : since however the toil
is the same to measure waves on the shore, as many as the
wind drives to land with the green ocean, 21or to wash a
muddy brick with dark-coloured water, as to get round a man
22 blinded by avarice, farewell to all such : and may they have
money untold, and ever may a longing for more possess them.

II. ii. 875. Cycnus, son of Neptune, was slain by Achilles at Troy.
According to Hesiod, he was white-headed, and hence called Qij\v£.
Compare Ovid. Met. \. 72, &c., Jam leto proles Neptunia Cycnus, Mille
\iros dederat, &c. Af line 51, 'QSvoivQ. Cf. Horace Epist. I. ii. 19,

Multorum providus urbes

Et mores hominum inspexit, latumque per scquor
Dum sibi dum sociis reditum parat, aspera multe
Pertulit.
'» Horace Od. IV. ix. 20—28,

Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona
Multi, sed omnes illachrimabiles
Urgentur, iguotique long;},

Nocte, carent quia vate sacro.

Fawkes observes that Theocritus, keeping up his pastoral capacity,
honours with princes the swine-herd and the neat-herd.

20 The living consume, &c.] Compare Horace Od. II. iii. 19,

Exstructia in altuin
Divitiis potietur hares.
Virg. Georg. ii. 108, Nosse, quot lonii veniant ad littora fluctus.

21 QoXtpav, i. e. unbaked. Whence the proverb of Terence, Phorm.
I. iv. 9, Purgem me ? Laterem lavem. Tr\ivQovg Tr\vvtiv. Zenob.
Diogen. Centur. Suid. Somewhat parallel is Jeremiah xiii. 23, " Can the
^Ethiopian," &c.

28 f3t[3\apnivov, blinded, stricken. Mente captum. So used II. xxii.
15, Odyss. xxiii. 14, &c. Two lines below, compare Horace Od. III.
xvi. 17,

Crescentem sequitur cura pecuniam
Majorumque fames.

88 THEOCRITUS. 66—87.

Yet I would prefer 23to many mules and horses, honour, and
the friendship of men. Now I am in quest of one, to whom
among mortals I may come with favour, by the help of the
Muses ; for hard are the ways to minstrels, apart from the
daughters of Jove, the mighty counsellor. Not yet hath
heaven tired of drawing on months and years ; many steeds
will yet move the chariot's wheel. Such a man will arise, as
shall need me for his bard, when he has achieved as much as
mighty Achilles, or strong Ajax in the plain of Simois, where
is the sepulchre of Phrygian Ilus. Already 24now the Phrc-
nicians, dwelling at the very farthest part of Libya under the
setting sun, shudder with alarm : already Syracusans carry
their lances by the middle, having their arms burdened with
wicker shields: and among them Hiero, a match for elder
heroes, girds himself, and 25his horsehair plumes overshadow
his helmet.

Oh that, most glorious father Jove, and lady Minerva, and
thou, 26 Proserpine, who with thy mother hast obtained by lot
the great city of the exceeding-rich Ephyrreans, by the waters
of Lysimelia, stern necessity would send our enemies out of the
island over the Sardinian wave, to announce to wives and
children the fate of their dear ones, 27by the fact of their be-

23 Xenoph. Mem. Socr. II. iv. 1, TroToe -yap 'Liriro's, fi iroiov ££uyos OUTOJ

J^Ol]tTLfJ.OV, UHTTTtp O X/OJJO'TOS <^)l'\OS. Cf. Clc. (le AlTlicit. XV. 17.

24 So Virg. J2n. vi. 799, Hujus in adventum jam nunc et Caspia
regna, Responsis horrent Divum, et Mseotia tellus. Carthage, as every
one knows, was founded by a Phoenician colony [see jEn. i. 338, 339].
This Idyll bears evidence in these lines of having been written during
the first Punic war, after the alliance of Hiero with the Romans, B. c.
263. (Vid. Arnold's Rome, ii. 471, 472.)

25 Virg. JEn. x. 869, JEre caput fulgens cristaque hirsutus equina.
'iTrirovpig and iiriroftaaiia coupled with Kopvg denote the same in the
Iliad, frequently. Two lines above we find a parallel in Virg. ^En. VII.
ri. 32, Flectuntque salignas Umbonum crates.

28 Proserpine and Ceres were specially worshipped by the Syracusans.
Syracuse was founded by a Corinthian colony (compare Idyll xv. 91,
note). The ancient name of Corinth was Ephjre. Lysimelia, a pool at
the mouth of the river Anapus, hard by Syracuse. Sil. Ital. xiv. 51,
Sed decus Hennaeis baud ullum pulchrius oris,
Quam quae Sisyphio fundavit nomen ab Isthmo,
Et multum ante alias Ephyraeis fulget alumnis.

27 apiOfiarovc OTTO iroXXwv, i. e. Sia TO tlvai, K. T. \. The sense is,
that the tale of destruction should find its way home in the few that re-
turned safe. Horat. A. P. 206, Populus numerabilis utpote parvus. Cas-

87—103. IDYLL XVI. 89

ing numbered by many ; and oh ! might cities be inhabited
again by former citizens, cities as many as the hands of enemies
have laid waste utterly : and oh that they might till flourishing
fields ; and their 28 thousands unnumbered of sheep, fattened
upon the herbage, might bleat along the plain, and heifers,
coming in herds to the stalls, urge on the traveller by twilight :
and oh that the fallow lands might be broken up for sowing,
what time29 the cicala, watching the shepherds in the open
air, chirps within the trees on the topmost branches ; that
spiders might distend fine webs in the arms, 30 and not even
the name of the battle-cry be heard any longer. And may
minstrels bear lofty glory for Hiero, even beyond the Scy-
thian sea, and Avhere 31 Semiramis having bound a broad wall
with asphalt reigned within it. I indeed am but one man :
yet the daughters of Jove love many others also, to all of whom
it is a care to hymn Sicilian 32 Arethusa with her peoples, and

aubon remarks a like phrase among the Hebrews. Isaiah x. 19, " And the
rest of the trees of the forest shall be few, (in the original " anumber,")
that a child may write them." So Cic. Orat. pro lege Manil. c. ix., Tanta
fuit clades, ut earn ad aures L. Luculli noil ex proclio nuutius, sed ex
sermone rumor afferret.

28 Virg. Eel. ii. 21, Mille mese Siculis errant in montibus agnae. "The
folds shall be full of sheep, and the valleys also shall stand so thick with
corn, that they shall laugh and sing," Psalm Ixv. 14. Compare also
Ps. cxliv. 13.

29 d\tt iv aKocfiovtfftiv. "Virg. Eel. II., Sole sub ardenti resonant arbusta
cicadis. With the next clause compare Horn. Odyss. xvi. 34, 35. Hesiod
Op. et D. ii. 93. Propert. III. vi. 33, Putris et in vacuo texetur aranea lecto.
So Catullus, Carm. XIII. v. 7, Nam tui Catulli

Plenus sacculus est aranearum.

Yirg. Georg. iv. 247, In foiibus laxos suspendit aranea casses. Add to
these Bacchylides, Fragm. ix., and Tibull. I. x. 49.

30 Comp. Isaiah ii. 4, " Nation shall not lift up sword against nation,
neither shall they learn war any more." Theocritus is said to have
imitated in some passages of this piece, Isaiah, and the 66th, 72nd, and
144th Psalms.

31 Compare Ovid. Met. iv. 57,

Ubi dicitur altam
Coctilibus muris cinxisse Semiramis urbem.

32 Arethusa. See Idyll i. 117. Ovid. Met. v. 573—641. Silius xiv. 53,
Hie Arethusa suum piscoso fonte receptat Alpheon, sacra; portautem
signa corona;. Milton in Arcades celebrates,

Divine Alpheus, who by secret sluice
Stole under seas to meet his Arethuse.
For p'Xti, Wordsw. suggests /icXct, obveniat, contingat.

90 THEOCRITUS. 104—109.

a3the warrior Hiero. 34 Ye goddesses having your rise from
Eteocles, that love Minyan Orchomenus, hated of old by Thebes,
inglorious indeed may I remain at home : yet with confidence
would I go to men's halls, if they call me, along with my
Muses, and I will not leave even you behind. For apart from
the Graces what is ever beloved by man ? May I ever bide
with the Graces.

IDYLL XVII.

THE PRAISE OF PTOLEMY.
ARGUMENT.

The poet intending to celebrate Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt,
sets out with the praise of his father, Ptolemy Lagus, to whom after
his death a place among the gods had been ascribed ; and goes on to
eulogize Berenice, the mother of Philadelphus, whom Venus was sup-
posed to have received into her temples to be her Traptfyof , or assessor.
He next proceeds to set forth the fortunes and virtues of Philadelphus
himself, beginning with the happy omens which had attended his birth
in the island of Cos, and portended his future opulence and power.
Then follows an enumeration of the royal territories, and laudation of
the royal wealth, augmented as it has been by the blessings of peace.
The poet commends in glowing terms the munificence and discern-
ment of Philadelphus in conferring favours, as well as his filial piety
shown so eminently. He ends with praise of the queen, the wife and
sister of Ptolemy. Reiske, Warton, and others have held this to be a
poem of Callimachus ; but Eichstadt declares that, while it equals the
lightness of the poems of that writer, it surpasses them in jejuneness.

33 Hiero. Silius Ital. xiv. 79, &c., gives a character of the old age of
Hiero.

34 Q Erc.oK\tioL Qvyarpic. i. e. O goddesses, whose worship was origin-
ated by Eteocles, son of Cephisus, or Andreus, who first sacrificed to the
Charites at Orchomenus in Boeotia. See Pausan. ix. 34, § 5; 35, $ 1.
Schol. ad Find. Ol. xiv. 1. Smith's Diet. Gr. R. B. vol. ii. 53. For the
grounds of enmity between Thebes and Orchomenus, J. W. refers us to
Thirlwall, Hist. Greec. c. iv. vol. i. p. 91, § 9. At the last line compare
Milton, L'Allegro,

These delights if thou canst give,
Mirth, with thee I mean to live.

1 — 24. IDYLL XVII. 91

1 BEGIN we with Jove, and at Jove make an end, ye Muses,
whensoever we sing in our minstrelsy the best of immortals.
But of men, on the other hand, let Ptolemy be spoken of
among 2the first, and last, and at the middle; for he is the
most excellent of men. Heroes, who 3 aforetime sprung from
demigods, having done noble deeds have met with skilful
poets. But I, knowing how to speak well, would fain hymn
the praise of Ptolemy ; and hymns are a glory even of the
immortals themselves. A wood-cutter having gone to woody
Ida, looks around whence to begin his work, though there is
abundance at hand. What shall I first recount ? for in-
numerable glories occur to tell, with which the gods honoured
the best of kings.

From his fathers what a man indeed was Ptolemy son of
Lagus 4to accomplish a great work, when he had conceived
in his mind a counsel which no other man was able to devise.
5 Him father Jupiter has made equal in honour even to the blest
immortals, and for him a chamber of gold has been built in
the mansion of Jove ; and beside him sits Alexander, kindly
disposed to him, a god hard upon Persians with variegated
turbans. And opposite to them is set the chair of Hercules,
slayer of the Centaur, wrought out of solid adamant ; where
with other celestials he holds feasts, rejoicing exceedingly in
his grandchildren's grandchildren, 6 because the son of Saturn

1 "Virg. Eel. iii. 60, A Jove principium. Eel. viii. 11, A te principium,
tibi desinet. Horn. II. i. 97, iv aol ptv Xt;£o>, a'so d' ap£o/tat.

2 Milton's Paradise Lost, v. 165, Him first, Him last, Him midst, and
without end. Horat. i Ep. i., Prima dicte mihi, summit dicende Ca-
inoena.

3 irpoaQtv, olim. So "ante," in Latin. Ovid. Fast. i. 337,

Ante, deos homini quod conciliare valeret

Far erat.

Three lines below compare with v/ivoi de ical, K. T. \. Horace Epist. II.
i. 138, Carmine Di superi placantur, carmine Manes.

4 Compare Callim. H. in Jov. 87, where he says of this same Ptolemy,
Effrreptoc Ktlvo^ ye ri\i1 TO. Ktv ?}ol voijay. So Horn. Od. /3. 272, otog
t/cflvoc. tiji' n\fffat tpyov TI tirog re.

5 Ptolemy Philadelphia, son of Ptolemy Lagides, or Soter, (one of
Alexander's generals, who obtained Egypt at the division of his empire,)
was associated in the government by his sire, to the exclusion of his
children by his first -wife Eurydice ; in return for which Philadelphia
deified Lagides and his wife Berenice. Below at line 19, J. W. quotes
Juvenal iii. 66, Ite quibus grata est picta lupa barbara mitra.

6 Callim. H. in Dian. 159, yvta fowfoi'c. Ov. Met. iv. 538, Abstulit

92 THEOCRITUS. 24 — 43.

has exempted their limbs from old age. and because, being of his
7 brood, they are styled immortals. For to both the brave son
of Hercules is an ancestor, and both 8 reckon up their descent
to Hercules, as the source. Wherefore likewise when, at
length satisfied with fragrant nectar, he goes from the feast
to the chamber of his dear spouse, to the one he gives his
bow and the quiver under his elbow, and to the other his
iron club, studded with knots ; and they bear the arms to the
ambrosial chamber of white-9 ancled Hebe, along with their
ancestor, Jove's son himself. And among wise women how
did far-famed Berenice shine, a great blessing to her parents !
Upon whose fragrant breast, indeed, the august daughter of
Dione, that occupies Cyprus, impressed her slender hands.
Wherefore 'tis said that never did any woman so please her
husband, as Ptolemy in fact loved his own wife. She indeed
returned his love far more than other wives. Thus he could
trustfully commit his whole house to his children's care, when-
soever lover-like he ascended to the chamber of his loving wife.
10 But of an unloving woman the thoughts are ever on a

illis quod mortale fuit. Soph. (Ed. Col. 607, Mot/oif ov yiyvirai Qfoiai
yjjpag. The founder of the kingdom of Macedon was Caranus, an Argive,
sixteenth in descent from Hercules. From him Philip and Alexander
therefore traced their pedigree. See more, as J. W. refers us, in Valkenaer
on Herodot. viii. 137.

7 v'e.iro$f.q, i. q. TSKVO., a hrood. Eustath. (quasi vtoiroStg, from vtcc-)
Compare nepos, nepotes. It occurs in Callim. Frag. Ixxvii. 260. Apoli.
Rhod. iv. 1745.

8 Juvenal viii. 131, Tune licet a Pico numeres genus. 'HpaKXtiOiat;.
Hyllus.

9 Hebe, daughter of Jupiter and Juno, was the fahledwife of Hercules.
Odyss. xi. 602, where Ulysses is represented beholding Hercules with
Ka\\ia<f>vpog"Hf3T], a mythic union of strength and youth.

10 The meaning of this and the foregoing verses seems — "A husband
sure of his wife's love, can trust his children, because they are no bastards,
with his interests and fortunes." As Ptolemy, son of Lagus, did, in sharing
his kingdom with Philadelphus, his son by Berenice. Horat. Od. II. v.
21—24,

Nullis polluitur casta domus stupris:
Mos et lex maculosum edomuit nefas;
Laudantur simili prole puerperae:

Culpam poena premit comes.
Compare Martial vi. 7, 24,

Et tibi, quce patrii signatur imagine vultus,
Testis maternae nata pudicitiac.
Compare also Juvenal vi. 81 ; Hesiod O. et D. 235. Catull. lix. 229,

44 — 65. IDYLL XVII. 93

stranger ; and her parturitions are easy, but the children never
like the father. O Lady Aphrodite, excelling the goddesses in
beauty, to thee she was a care, and on account of thee beauteous
Berenice did not cross mournful Acheron ; but having snatched
her away ere she had come down to the dark stream, and to
the ever-rueful ferryman of the dead, thou placedst her in
thy temple, and gavest her a share in thine honour. And
gentle to all mortals, she ever breathes upon them soft loves,
and to one that longs u makes his cares light.

12 0 dark-browed Argive lady, thou didst bear Diomed,
slayer of hosts, a Calydonian hero, when thou hadst been united
to Tydeus. But deep-bosomed Thetis bare the warrior
Achilles to Peleus, son of -ZEacus : and thee, O warrior Ptolemy,
distinguished Berenice to a warrior, Ptolemy. 13And Cos did
rear thee, having received thee a new-born babe from thy
mother, when thou sawest the dawn first. For there the
14 daughter of Antigone, weighed down with throes, called
out for 15Lucina, the friend of women in travail. And she
with kind favour stood by her, and in sooth poured down her
whole limbs an insensibility to pain, and so a lovely boy, like
to his father, was born.

16 And Cos when she beheld him broke forth into joy, and

Sit suo similis patri

Manlio, et faci!6 insciis

Noscitetur ab omnibus ;

Et pudicitiam suam

Matris indicet ore.

J. W. aptly compares Shaksp. Much Ado about Nothing, act i. sc. 1,
"Truly the lady fathers herself," and Terent. Heaut. V. iv. 17.

11 Kov<l>a<;diSoI, i. e. Kovtyi&i. Cf. Idyll xxiii. 9, 0iAa/m TO Kov<f>iZ,ov rbv
tpatra.

12 Tydeus, son of ^Eneus, king of Calydon, flying to Argos, married
Deipyle, daughter of Adrastus, who bare him Diomed, called here Caly-
donian, because of his father's origin.

13 Ptolemy Philadelphia was born at the island of Cos, whither his
mother Berenice had accompanied her husband during the naval cam-
paign of B. c. 309, against Demetrius. Comp. Callim. H. in Del. 105 — 190.

14 Berenice was the daughter of Antigone, the daughter of Cassander,
the brother of Antipater. See Smith D. G. A. p. 482, vol. i.

15 Lucina, Xvai^wvog. Call. H. in Jov. 21, t\vaaro fiirpav. See Span-
heim, note at this passage. To her belonged the influence we moderns
ascribe to chloroform.

16 o\6\v£tv, uttered a cry of joy. Eur. Electr. 691. This impersonation
of the island is bold and sublime. Pohvhele compares with passages of
holy writ, e. g. Why hop ye so, ye high hills. Break forth into singing,

94 TnF.OCRITUS. 65—82.

said, with fond hands touching the infant: n 'Blessed, boy,
mayest thou be, and mayest thou honour me as much as even
Phoebus Apollo honoured Delos of the azure fillet : and in the
same honour mayest thou rank the 18 promontory of Triops,
assigning equal 19 favour to the Dorians dwelling near, as also
king Apollo lovingly paid to 20 Rhenrea." Thus, I wot, spake
the island, and the propitious eagle-bird of Jove thrice from
on high, above the clouds, screamed with its voice. This
methinks is a sign of Jove. To Jove the son of Saturn
august monarchs are a care : and chiefly he, whomsoever he
shall have kissed at his first birth ; and great fortune attends
him. Much land rules he, and much sea. Numberless con-
tinents, as well as myriads of races of men, till corn-fields
assisted by the moisture of Jove : but no region produces so
much as low-21 lying Egypt, when Nile gushing forth breaks
up the moist clods. Nor hath any so many cities of men
skilled in works. Three hundred indeed of towns have been

ye mountains. Theocritus however has a closer parallel here, in Callim.
H. in Del. 264, AVTTJ £t xpvakoio air' ovceog t'iXto TrctiSa, spoken of the
island Delos. Horn. H. in Apoll. 61, 119, q. v. Virg. Eel. v. 62,

Ipsi laetilia voces ad sidera jactant

Intonsi monies.

17 o\/3is icuipE ytvoio, for o\|8ioc, a rare construction in Greek, Eurip.
Troad. 1229. In Latin, Tibull. i. 7, 53, Sic venias hodierne. Propert.
II. xv. 2, Lectule deliciis facte beate meis. Virg. .JEn. ii. 282, Quibus
Hector ab oris, expectate venis.

18 Spanheim, at Callim. H. in. Del. 160, says that Triops was king of
Cos, and father of Merops, another king of the island ; and that from
him the promontory of Cnidos was called Triopium. Comp. H.in Cerer. 31.

18 The Dorian Pentapolis consisted of five cities, Lindus, lalysus, Ca-
mirus, Cos, and Cnidos. Thirwl. H. of Greece, vol. ii. 88.

20 Rhenaea, an island close to Delos, to which in the purification of
Delos by Pisistratus, and afterwards in the Peloponnesian war, all dead
bodies were carried from Delos for burial ; and all births of Delian
children arranged to take place there. Cf. Thuc. iii. 104. Polycrates,
tyrant of Samos, bound it to Delos and dedicated it to Apollo. See Virg.
^En. iii. 75.

21 " JEgypti pars depression" Tibull. i. 7, 23,

Fertilis sestivft Nilus abundet aqua
Nile pater quanam possim te dicere causft
Aut quibus in terris occuluisse caput.

The Delta is here alluded to. See Georg. iv. 287 — 294, for another ac-
count of the Nile. OpvTrru, confringit. Herod, ii. 12, (quoted here by
J. W.,) rt)v Aiyvirrov fj,i\dyyai6v re Kal Ka-appijyyvfttvrjv wore iovaav
l\vv rt Kal rrpoxvffiv t£ AlOioTrirjs Karivt)ve.iynivr]v virb rov Trorapov.

82—107. IDYLL XVII. 95

built for him, ay and three thousand over and above thirty
thousand, and two triads, and besides them thrice nine ; in 22all
which magnanimous Ptolemy is sovereign. And in truth he
cuts off for his portion a part of Phoanicia and Arabia, and of
Syria and Libya, and the black ^Ethiopians ; and he bears
sway over all the Pamphylians, and warrior Cilicians, and
Lycians, and war-loving Carians, and the island Cyclades, for
23 his ships are the best that sail over the sea ; and all sea and
land and rushing rivers are ruled over by Ptolemy. And for
him many horsemen and many shield-bearers arrayed in
gleaming brass rage and roar.

In wealth indeed he outweighs all monarchs, so much every
day comes into his splendid house from every quarter, and the
peoples go about his works in peace and quietness. For no
hostile infantry having crossed the Nile abounding in ^croco-
diles, has raised the battle-cry in strange villages ; nor has
any armed man leapt ashore from a swift ship against the
cattle of Egypt, as a foe: such a hero yellow-haired Ptolemy
has established himself in her broad plains, skilful to wield
the spear ; whose whole care is to protect his patrimony, as a
good king's should be; and other realms he is himself ac-
quiring. Not however to no purpose, I ween, is the gold in
his wealthy house, 25even as the riches of labouring ants are

22 rwv trdvTwv, referred to TroXswv, but in the neuter gender. Cf.
Epigr. i. 3, 4. The whole number is 33,339. Wordsworth refers us for
the riches of Ptolemy, to the commentators on Daniel xi. 5.

23 His ships are the best, &c. Fawkes compares Waller,

Where'er thy navy spreads her canvass wings,
Homage to thee, and peace to all she brings.

Byron, Corsair, opening,

Our flag the sceptre, all who meet obey.

KfXd^ovrtf, resonantes. Cf. Idyll vii. 137. Aristoph. Nub. 284, ical

•KQTapwv Z.a.Q'ui)v KiXaSrinari.

24 For the crocodiles of the Nile, see Herodot. lib. ii. Senec. Natur.
Quacst. iv. 1, p. 611, Elzev. J. W. At "yellow-haired Ptolemy," com-
pare Horat. Od IV. xv. 17,

Custode rerum Cresare, non furor
Civilis, aut vis exiget otiuni.

25 Cf. jEsch. Prom. v. 451, atiavcioi jjivpfitjKtf. Horat. Sat. i. 1, 33-

Magni formica laboris

Ore trahit quodcunque potest, atque addit acervo
Quern struit.
For the next line compare Virg. JEn. x. 619,

Tua largi\
manu multisque oneravit limina donis.

96 THEOCRITUS. 107—128.

ever poured in ; but much of it indeed the splendid temples of
the gods have, whilst ever and anon he offers first-fruits with
other gifts : and much has he bestowed on brave kings, and
much on cities, and much on good comrades ; nor has any
man, skilled to strike up a sweet song, 26come to the sacred
contests of Bacchus, 27to whom he has not presented a gift
worthy of his craft. 28And the interpreters of the Muses
sing the praise of Ptolemy, in return for his beneficence. But
what can be more honourable to a man of wealth than to win
worthy renown among men ? This remains sure even to the
sons of Atreus, while those countless acquisitions, as many as
they made, when they had taken the mighty house of Priam,
have been hidden some where in the 29mist, from which there-
after there is no longer a return. 30 This man, alone of men
of former ages, impresses the foot-prints of his parents, yet
warm in the dust, as he treads above them. 31 To his loved
mother and father he has placed incense-breathing temples,
and has set them up therein conspicuous with gold and ivory,
as helpers to all mortals. And many fatted haunches of oxen
does he burn, in revolving months, on blood-red altars, him-
self and his goodly spouse, than whom no nobler woman

28 The festivals of Bacchus celebrated by Ptolemy, and the "sacred
contests " here alluded to, appear to have been either dramatic pieces,
or the Dionysia at which poets contended with those dramatic pieces.

27 Ptolemy's munificence drew to his court seven poets, called the
Pleiades from their number, Theocritus, Callimachus, Apollonius, Aratus,
Lycophron, Nicander, Philicus.

28 Horat. Od. III. i. 3, Musarum sacerdos. In Cicero's oration for
Archias, Ennius is quoted as calling poets " sanctos." Propert. III. i. 3,
Primus ego ingredior puro de fonte sacerdos. Virg. Georg. ii. 475,

Me vero primum dulces ante omnia Musac,
Quarum sacra fero ingenti percussus amore.
i9 at pi : caligine. See Horn. Odyss. ix. 144,

drjp yap Trapa vtjvcri /3a0ti' f/v, ovdi at\i]vr]
ovpavbQtv irpovtyaivf.
Cf. II. v. 864.

30 Ovid. Met. vii. 775, Pedum calidus vestigia pulvis habebat. Horn.
II. xxiii. 763, describes the act which gives rise to this metaphor,

avrap oTrtaQiv

lxvia TVTTTC TrvStatn, Trapoc KOVIV afupi^vOilvai.
tKftdaotTai imitatione exprimit.

31 Ptolemy raised temples in honour of his parents, as well as one to
his sister as Venus Arsinoe. xpvvv : Signa auro illinebant antiqui. J.
W. Vid. not. Wordsw. Theocr. p. 158.

129—137. IDYLL XVII. 97

embraces her bridegroom in the palace 32with bended arm,
loving as she does from the heart her brother and husband.
Thus too was consummated 33the holy marriage of the im-
mortals, whom sovereign Rhea bare as sovereigns of Olym-
pus : and Iris, still a virgin, having washed her hands with
unguents, strews one couch for Jupiter and Juno to sleep upon.
Farewell, 0 king Ptolemy ; but of thee I will make mention
like as of other demigods ; and methinks 34 I shall speak a word
not to be spurned by posterity : ' Excellence at any rate one
will gain from Jupiter.'

IDYLL XVIII.

THE EPITHALAMIUM OF HELEN.

ARGUMENT.

After the nuptials of Helen and Menelaus, the chief maidens of Sparta,
ranging themselves before the bridal chamber, sing an Epithalamium,
beginning with the jokes which would naturally be passed at the ex-
pense of the bridegroom. Menelaus is next felicitated on the score of
the prize of beauty which he has won, while so many of the noblest
suitors failed. The poet passes naturally on to a description of Helen's
personal and mental graces, and puts into the mouth of the chorus a
warm expression of their love and regard for her. This Idyll is of a
lyric character, and is amongst the most beautiful of its kind. Some
have been led, by its dissimilarity from the other Idylls, to suppose
Theocritus not to have been its author. But there is no reason why

32 dyo0r<f>, with a bent arm, akin to ayKwv.

33 A comparison is instituted between the marriage of Jove and Juno,
and that between Philadelphus and Arsinoe ; the brother in each case
wedding his sister. Iris is represented as discharging the office which, in
Idyll ii. 160 of Moschus, the Hours discharge for Jove and Europa.

34 $9eyZo[i.ai, &c. The moral sentence that follows is premised by
<p9'ey£op>ai, and the sense is, that the observation of excellence in Ptolemy,
granted him by the gods, causes the poet to exhort all that his words
reach, not to scorn his example, but to seek from Jove, who alone can
give it, like excellence. e£ac. The second person here is used, as else-
where, for an indefinite third person. Compare Sophocl. Trachin. 2.
Ajax 155. Tacitus German : Nam magnum — haud tueare.

98 THEOCRITUS. 1—10.

he should not have excelled in this as in more homely styles. He may
have borrowed from Stesichorus, but the Epithalamium of that poet
not being extant, we have no means of deciding whether, or how far,
this was the case. It is of that class of Epithalamia which is called
/cov, or slumber-inducing.

1 WHILOME in Sparta, at the house of auburn-haired Mene-
laus, maidens having blooming 2 hyacinth in their tresses,
formed the dance in front of a 3 newly-painted nuptial cham-
ber, the twelve first maidens of the city, 4 pride of the Spartan
women, when the younger son of Atreus, having wedded
Helen the beloved daughter of Tyndarus, had shut her within
his chamber. And they began to sing, I ween, all beating
time to one melody with many-twinkling5 feet, and the house
was ringing round with a nuptial hymn. "Hast thou then
fallen asleep thus too early, O dear bridegroom ? Art thou

1 It was Brunck's opinion that Theocritus wrote this Idyll with an
eye to the Song of Solomon, many passages of which strikingly receive
illustration from it. Iv TTOK apa 'Siiraprq.. Callimach. H. in Lav. Pall.
Iv TTOKO. Qr)j3ai£.

2 Milton's Paradise Lost iv. 301, " Hyacinthine locks." Odyss. vi. 230,

Kao Si /(dpj)TOs

oi/Xas »';KE /co/uas, vaKivQivia avQti o/^oias.
Horace Od. I. iv. 9, 10,

Nunc decet aut viridi nitidum caput impedire myrto
Aut flore, terrae quern ferunt solutse.

3 Embroidery, or tapestry, is here spoken of — provided at the husband's
expense. Horn. II. xvii. 36, 9a\ap.oio vsoio. Odyss. xxii. 178. Comp. Idyll
xxvii. 36.

4 p'tya xpi?^' See Matt- Gr. Gr. § 430, p. 704. Herodot. i. 36.
ffvbgxprjfjia p.eya. Acharn. Aristoph. 150; Nub. 2. Valken. on Phoen
206.

5 vepnrXeKTOis, which appears the true reading here, signifies literally
"intertwined." Some would read x«p<rt for TTOITI, bringing Horat. Od.
I. iv. 6, Junctrcque nymphis gratiae decentes Alterno terram quatiunt
pede, and Ovid. Fast. vi. 329, Pars brachia nectit, Et viridem celeri ter
pede pulsat humum, to support the reading. But these do- not militate
against iroffai, which is borne out by Euripid. Troad. 2, 3; Iph. in
Aulis, 1055—1057.

Gray's Progress of Poesy :

Thee the voice, the dance, obey,
Temper'd to thy warbled lay.
O'er Idalia's velvet green
The rosy-crowned Loves are seen

On Cythersea's day,

"With antic sports, and blue-eyed pleasures,
Frisking light in frolic measures :

11—23. IDYLL XVIII. 99

then of a nature over sluggish, or art thou fond of slumber ?
6 Or wast thou drinking a draught too much, when thou didst
lay thyself on thy couch ? If thou didst want to sleep in season,
thou shouldest have done so by thyself, 7 and have suffered the
damsel to sport with her maidens beside her fond mother,
until morning prime ; since both the day after to-morrow,
and to-morrow, and from year to year, O Menelaus, she is
your bride. Blest husband, some lucky person 8 sneezed on
thee, as thou wentest to Sparta, (whither the rest of the
nobles repaired,} that thou 9mightest accomplish thine object.
Alone among demigods thou wilt have Jupiter, son of Saturn,
as father-in-law. A daughter of Jove has gone beneath the
same coverlet with thee, being such an one as no other of
Greek women, that treads the earth. Surely a great thing
would she bear to thee, if she bare one like its mother. For
we are play-mates all, who had the same course to run, 10 when
we had anointed ourselves, like men, beside the banks of

Now pursuing, now retreating,
Now in circling troops they meet ;
To brisk notes in cadence beating
Glance their many twinkling feet.

Muse of the many twinkling feet. Byron, The Waltz.
Compare Horn. Odyss. viii. 265 ; Iliad xviii. 491 — 495.

6 iro\vv TIV, understand oivov. Eurip. Cyclops 566, xaXtirbv roS'
tliraQ, offTiQ dv vivy TTO\VV. Theogn. v. 509, olvog Trtvopivoc; TTOV\V£,
KO.KOQ, TJV SB rig avrov TLivy l7riora/«vuif, ov KdKog aXX' ayaQoQ.

7 Compare Catull. Carm. Nupt. LX., 20,

Hespere, qui coelo fertur crudelior ignis 1
Qui gnatam possis complexu avellere matris,
Complexu matris retinentem avellere gnatam,
Et juveni ardenti castam donare puellam.
PaQvv opOpov. Cf. St. Luke Evang. c. xxiv. v. 1, opOpov fiaOtos.

* sTTETrrapei'. See Idyll vii. 96, 'Sifii^idq fitv (ptiireQ tTrsirrapov.
Propert. II. iii. 23,

Num tibi nascenti primis, mea vita, diebus,
Aridus argutum sternuit omen amor.

Catull. xliii. 9. Comp. Xenoph. Anab. III. ii. 9, vrapwrai rig dyaObt;,
homo boui ominis. So Callimach. H. in Lav. Pall. 124, dyaQal Trrepvyfc-
Propert. III. x. 11, Felicibus — pennis. Ovid. Fast. i. 513, Este bonis
avibus visi natoque mihique. Virg. Eel. v. 65, Sis bonus o felixque tuis.
9 dvvanio. Comp. Idyll v. 144, dvvffdp.av rbv dpvbv. With \\mvav
(two lines below) compare Sophocl. Trach. 539,

(cat vvv Sv' ovaai (UftfOfttV juiac VTTO
X^aivi]s vTrayicd Xicrjua.

0 The river Eurotas ran close by Sparta. For the hardy nurture and

H 2

100 THEOCRITUS. 23—37.

Eurotas, four times sixty damsels, a youthful band of maidens ;
of whom not one would be faultless, if haply she should have
been compared with Helen. HAs the rising morn would
show out its beauteous face against the night, or as bright
spring 12when winter has relaxed ; so also the golden Helen
was wont to shine out amongst us. 13As a tall cypress hath
shot up, an ornament to a fertile field or garden, or a Thes-
salian steed to a chariot, thus also the rosy-corn plexioned Helen
is an ornament to Lacedasmon. u Neither does any damsel
weave such work in the wool-basket, nor cut off from the
long upright beams a closer warp in the curiously wrought
web, having woven it with the shuttle. 15No, nor is any
damsel so skilled to strike the cithern, 1G singing of Artemis,
and broad-chested Athene, as Helen, 17in whose eyes are all
loves.

exercises of Spartan maidens, see Thirlw. Greece, vol. i. p. 327. Virg. JEn.
i. 315, Virginis os habitumque gerens et virginis arma
SpartanaB.

11 'Aw? avre\\otaa. Comp. Solomon's Song vi. 10, "Who is she that
looketh forth like the morning1?" Job xli. 18. In this passage, which is
unsound as it stands in MSS.,we have adopted the reading dwc, avreXXour'
art KaXbv ttyijvt Trpoautirov TTOT rav VVKT' r), which Kiessling seems to
favour. Chapman quotes an exquisite parallel from Campbell's Gertrude
of Wyoming.

A boy *******
Led by his dusky guide like morning brought by night.
Wordsworth's suggestion is TTOT' riv vv£ : Sicut prae te, nox, exoriens
Aurora prsenitet. As rising morn, compared with thee, O night, shines
out with bright countenance. And this seems extremely probable.

12 xei/id/voc, avivTOQ. Solomon's Song ii. 11, " Lo, the winter is past,
the rain is over and gone." \fifia~ot; ol^ofj.ivoio, Meleag. ii. nteicxf
/xeyaXa UT'. Wordsw. proposes Triiipy tXara ar, ut abies, &c.

13 Catull. Epithalam. Pel. 89—90,

Quales Eurotae progignunt flumina myrtos,

Aurave distinctos educit verna colores.

GfffffaXof cTTTTOff. These were the most approved steeds of Greece. See
Sophoc. Electr. 703. Solomon's Song i. 9, "I have compared thee, O my
love, to a company of horses in Pharaoh's chariots."

14 For the full understanding of these verses, read Smith's Diet. Gr.
Rom. Ant., art. Tela, p. 940—943.

15 J£n. vi. 647, Jamque eadem digitis, jam pectine pulsat eburno.

16 Laconian maidens, so skilful at weaving, might fitly hymn Minerva,
and, so hardy in nurture, sing the praise of the divine huntress, Artemis.
Ov. Fast. iii. 817, Pallade placatA, lanam mollire puellae Discant et plenas
exonerare colos. Comp. Tibull. II. i. 65.

17 Burns, " The kind love that's in her e'e." Meleager Epigr. Anthol.
xvi. Z»ji/60i\a£ o/j/iacri KfjuTTro/utvof . Cf. Musaeus, 64.

38—57. IDYLL XVIII. 101

" O beauteous, O graceful damsel, thou indeed art a matron
now ; but we in the morning shall proceed to the course and
the flowery meads, to cull chaplets breathing sweet incense,
oft remembering thee, O Helen, as suckling lambs yearning
for the teat of their mother. For thee first of any having
plaited a chaplet of 18 low-growing lotus, we will place it on
the shady plane tree ; and for thee first, taking moist oil from
silver flask, we will drop it beneath the shady plane tree, and
letters shall be 19 graven on the bark, that any passer-by may
recite in Doric : " Reverence me, I am Helen's tree." — Hail,
thou bride ! Hail, bridegroom, happy in thy father-in-law.
May Latona indeed, Latona the nurse of youth, grant to you
the blessing of children ; and Venus, goddess Venus, that ye
may be loved alike one by other ; and Jove, Jove the son of
Saturn, lasting riches ; that they may descend from nobly-born
to nobly-born again. 20 Sleep on, breathing into the bosoms
each of the other love and desire, and forget 21not to rise to-
wards morn. We too will return at dawn, as soon as the
earliest 22 songster having reared his crested neck, shall have

18 The Lotos, a flower of the Nile, is found composing garlands in
Egyptian monuments. Ovid. Trist. III. i. 31,

Sic nova Dulichio lotos gustata palato,
Illo, quo nocuit, grata sapore fuit.

19 Letters graven.] Propert. I. xviii. 22, Scribitur et vestris Cynthia
corticibus. Virg. Eel. x. 53,

Tenerisque meos incidere amores
Corticibus : crescent illae : crescetis amores.
Compare Idyll xxiii. 46.— Pope Past. III. 66, 67,

Oft on the rind I carved her amorous vows,
While she with garlands hung the bending boughs.

20 Catull. Ixii. 331, 332,

Languidulosque paret tecum conjungere somnos

Levia substernens robusto brachia collo.

Compare Solomon's Song viii. 3, 4, " His left hand should be under my
head, and his right hand should embrace me. I charge you, O daughters
of Jerusalem, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love until he please."

21 Idyll xxiv. 7, VTTVOQ i yeptrijuof.

82 6 irparog aoiSoQ. Cf. Idyll xxiv. 63, " The feather'd songster chan-
ticleer." Prudentius, Hymn Matutin. Daniels' Thesaurus Hymnologicus
i. 119,

Ales diei nuntius

Lucem propinquam prsecinit.

St. Ambrose calls the cock " prseco diei," &c. Ovid, Jam dederat cantus
lucis praniuncius ales.

102 THEOCRITUS. 1—8.

crowed from his roost, 23 Hymen, O Hyrnenaeus, mayest thou
joy over these nuptials.

IDYLL XIX.

THE STEALER OF HONEY-COMBS.

ARGUMENT.

This little poem seems to have been wrought out of the fortieth ode of
Anacreon, which has been rendered into English by our freshly lost
Thomas Moore ; to which however it is clearly inferior in the merit of
originality and management of subject. Valkenaer thinks it a poem
of Bion ; but Stobseus (c. 63) quotes the lines as the work of Theo-
critus. Meleager (Epigr. cviii. Antholog. Jacobs) has taken the same
subject for his muse.

1 THE naughty bee once stung the pilferer Eros, as he was
plundering a comb from the hives, and pierced all the tips of
his fingers ; and he began to lament and blow his hand ; and
struck the earth, and leaped aloft. Then showed he his pain
to Aphrodite, and began to complain 'that at any rate the bee
is a little creature, and yet what great wounds it inflicts ! '
And his mother smiling said — How then ? are you not a crea-
ture resembling the bees ? Since little though you be, yet the
wounds you inflict, how great are they !

23 Cf. Catull. lx., Hymen o Hymenae, Hymen ades, o Hymensee.
Milton P. L. IV. " Heavenly quires the hymena?an sung." Chapman
quotes at length a parallel from the same, lib. viii.

1 H. Voss observes that /j.e\irraa is said collectively, not "a bee," but
" the bee," hence rpau^ara, not rpaujua, below at line 6.

2 \!a TvrQbq fj,ev ttjg — Eo quod tantulus quum sis, quanta facis vulnera.
The imperf. ir}Q, observes Schaefer, has the force of a present, as at Idyll v.
79, ?} (jrionvXoQ ijtrOaK-Ofjidra. Anacr. xxix. 40, TO. d' f/v ctfiiivw. Bion
xv. 4, KIJV p.oi ffvpiffdiv, Mupcrwi' <f>i\ov.

IDYLL XX.

THE HERDSMAN.

ARGUMENT.

The poet in this Idyll introduces a rustic complaining of the scorn and
contempt of a city maiden in rejecting his addresses. Having de-
clared the cause of this scorn, he shows how undeserving he is of it,
as being neither ugly nor a man of the lowest condition, seeing that
gods and goddesses had sought out of his rank of life, objects of love.
Heinsius holds this to be a poem of Moschus, but though Valkenaer
inclines to the same opinion, the mass of testimony ascribes it to
Theocritus.

EUNICA laughed at me when I wished sweetly to kiss her,
and, teasing me, said thus:1 'Away with you from me!
Clown as you are, do you want to kiss me, wretch ? I have
not learned to kiss bumpkins, 2but to press city lips. Don't
you at any rate kiss my fair mouth, no, not in your dreams.
What a look you have ! what a speech ! 3how rudely you toy !
How mincingly you talk ! what wheedling words you utter !
How 4 smooth is the beard you have ! what sweet hair ! h Nay,
your lips in truth are diseased, and your hands are black, and
you smell foully. Away from me, lest you contaminate me !'

Speaking thus, 6she spat thrice on her breast, and 7eyed

1 tppe. JEolic for tipe, (says Graevius at Callim. H. in Del. 130,) as
tyO'tppiiv for <j>0upuv. Latin. Abin' in malam rem. Terent. Andria II. i.
17. Horn. Iliad viii. 164, tppt, KnKtj yX»jv»j. II. xxii. 498, tpp' ovrtaf.

2 BXifitiv x«\«a. Labra suaviter premere. Comp. Idyll xii. 32 ;
Bion i. 44.

3 aypta TraiaSug, Mosch. i. 11, and see the notes of this transl. on that
passage.

* Virg. Eel. viii. 34, Hirsutumque supercilium promissaque barba. —
aSia \airav. Simple adjectives in vg are often common in gender.
Comp. Matth. Gr. Gr. § 119, b. 4. QriXvg «pffij, Odyss. v. 467. Of
course the lines 6 — 8 are ironical.

5 Aristoph. Nub. 50, o^uv rpvyoc, rpaffiac,, ipiuv. A strong description
of a rustic.

6 rpif elf ibv tTrrvfft KoXtrov. Compare ii. 62 ; Theocr. vi. 39 ; Soph.
Antig. 653.

7 Comp. Virg. ^En. iv. 363, 364,

Hue illuc volvens oculos, totumqoe pererrat
Luminibus tacitis.

104 THEOCRITUS. 13—27.

me all over from my head to my two feet, making mouths at
me with her lips, and looking at me askance. 8 And she played
the woman with much affectation as to her figure, and laughed
at me with a mocking and proud kind of laugh. But 9 quickly
my blood boiled up, and I became purple in complexion by
reason of my chagrin, as a rose is with dew. And she indeed
left me and went away. But I bear wrath at my heart,
because a worthless mistress has ridiculed me, pleasing though
lam.

Shepherds, tell me the truth ; 'am I not beautiful?' 10Has
one of the gods, I wonder, made me on a sudden another
mortal ? n For formerly a pleasing kind of beauty was bloom-
ing upon me, as ivy on the trunk, and used to shade my chin ;
and my locks poured, like parsley, around my temples, and
my white forehead was wont to shine over dark eye-brows ;
my eyes were far more 12 bright than those of blue-eyed
Athene ; 13 my mouth more sweet even than cream cheese ;
and 14from my lips flowed a voice more pleasant than from a

Hor. Epist. II. ii. 4, Hie et

Candidas, et talos a vertice pulcher ad imos

Fiet.

8 Compare Bion xv. 18, where the word is used of Achilles in woman's
apparel with Deidamia, KOI yap laov rjji'au; QriXvvtro. aiaapbg. Comp.
Idyll vii. 19. Literally, " of parted lips."
8 Compare Callimach. Bath of Pallas, 27,

Q icoipai, TO £' tptvOog avtcpane, irpwiov o'iav

"H poSov 11 aifldag KOKicog t%« xpoiav.
Cf. Bion i. 35 ; Moschus iii. o.

10 Propert. I. xii. 11, Non sum ego qui fueram. Horat. Od. IV. i.
3, 4, Non sum qualis eram, &c. The poet may allude to Homer ;
Odyss. xiii. 429.

11 Odyss. xi. 318,

irplv <T(f>taiv VTTO Kpo-rd(poi(nv ioi/Xoirs
AvOijcrat, -rrvKaaai TE yivvv tiiavQii Xd^vij.

Virg. jEn. viii. 160, Turn mihi prima genas vestibat flore Juventa. See

too Idyll xv. 85.

12 xapoTroiropa. Anacreon Od. xxviii. opposes Minerva's bright blue
eye to the languishing blue of that of Venus. ^opoTroe seems originally
to have meant a bright fierce-looking eye, without any denned notion of
colour. It came to mean such as have a grayish or light blue lustre,
darker than, but not differing much from, yXavxo^, and indeed used here
with it. Tacitus calls the eyes of the Germans, "truces etccerulei oculi."
See Liddell and Scott, Lexicon.

13 Ov. Met. xiii. 795, Mollior et cycni plumis et lacte coacto.

14 Compare Iliad i. 249, TOV Kal cnro yXuaarjc; fitXiroc; yXvKiiiiv peev

28—43. IDYLL XX. 105

honey-comb. And sweet is my melody, both if I warble to the
shepherd's pipe, and if I sing to the flute, or the reed, or the

15 flageolet. And all the women along the mountains say that I
am handsome, and all of them love me ; but the city miss has
not kissed me, but has run past me, because I am a rustic ;

16 and she is not yet aware that beauteous Bacchus used to
drive the calf in the valleys. Neither did she know that
Venus maddened after a herdsman, and tended flocks with
him on the Phrygian mountains.17 Adonis, himself, she kissed
in the woods, and in the woods she lamented. 18 And who
was Endymion ? Was he not a herdsman ? Yes, and him
Selene kissed, as he fed his herds ; and coming from Olympus
she went up to the Latmian glade, and slept beside the lad.
19 Thou too, Rhea, bewailest thy herdsman. And hast not
even thou, O son of Saturn, wandered 20m the form of a
bird through love of a herd-tending boy.

But Eunica alone has not kissed the herdsman, Eunica who
is superior no doubt to Cybele, and Venus, and to Selene.

ftvSi). Cantic., or Songof Solomon, iv. 11, " Thy lips, O my spouse, drop
as the honeycomb : honey and milk are under thy tongue."

15 TrXaytavXoe- Hence flageolet, " quasi dicas plagiaulet." ^Emil. Port.
Lex. Doric. Comp. Bion iii. 7.

IB Virg. Eel. x. 18, Et formosus oves ad flumina pavit Adonis, ii. 60,
Quern fugis, ah demens! habitarunt di quoque silvas. Pope II. Past.
59 — 62, See what delights in silvan scenes appear,

Descending gods have found Elysium here.
In woods bright Venus with Adonis stray'd,
And chaste Diana haunts the forest glade.

17 Ovid Trist. ii. 299,

In Venere Anchises, in Luna Latmius heros,
In Cerere Jasion. qui referatur erit.
Compare Bion's Idyll on this subject.

18 Endymion. Cf. Idyll iii. 49, A shepherd, by whose side, as he slept at
Mt. Latmus in Caria, Selene, kissing him, lay. See Smith's Diet. Gr. R.
Biogr. ii. 16, B. sva. One MS. has lipa, which Wordsworth approves.
Catull. Com. Berenices, v. 5,

Ut Triviam furtim sub Latmia saxa relegans

Dulcis amor gyro devocet aerio.

Compare, Latmius Endymion non est tibi, Luna, rubori. Ovid. Ant. Am.
iii. 85.

19 Atys, a shepherd of Celense in Phrygia, beloved by Rhea or Cybele.
Cf. Smith Diet. ii. 417, B. See Ovid Fast. iv. 221—244. And see the
poem of Catullus, bearing the name of Atys, and Propert. II. xxiii. 20.

80 For the legend of Ganymede see Smith Diet. G. R. B. ii. 230, and
Virg. jEn. v. 253 ; Ov. Met. x. 255; Horat. iv. 4.

106 THEOCRITUS. 44, 45.

Love no longer even thou, 21' would-be Venus] thy sweet one
either in the city or on the mountain, but sleep alone all night
long.

IDYLL XXI.

THE FISHERMEN.

This Idyll contains a conversation of two fishermen by night. Our poet
addressing one Diophantus -with a few observations on the force of
poverty in rousing men to active pursuits, describes the scene of this
colloquy, which is laid in a scantily furnished sea-side hut. One of
the fishermen calls upon the other to unriddle him the dream which
he has dreamed. It was this: that he had in pursuit of his calling
caught a golden fish, and thereupon determined with an oath to es-
chew the trade for the future. Now that the golden hope and his
dream have proved alike unreal, he fears lest he ought to consider his
oath binding. His comrade bids him be of good cheer, telling him
that his oath is clearly no more real than his dream was. This is the
only Idyll descriptive of fishermen's life that has come down to us ;
and it has been suggested, with much reason, that in it Theocritus
imitated the QvvvoQripa. or AXitve of Slophron.

ASPHALION AND A COMRADE.

1 POVERTY, O Diophantus, alone arouses the arts : she is
the teacher of labour ; for hard cares do not permit labouring
men even to sleep. And even if a man shall have tasted
sleep 2for a little space in the night, solicitudes on a sudden

21 « Would-be Venus." It seems clear that the poet makes his rustic
taunt Eunica in these last words, and the suggestion of Wordsworth, rbv
"Apia, " thy Mars." (alluding to Yerius' amour with that God,) will give
point to an otherwise obscure passage. Theocritus, in the 27th Idyll, in
like manner makes a shepherd call himself " Paris,1' and address his
sweetheart as "Helen."

1 Compare Virg. Georg. i. 145, 146,

Turn variae venere artes : labor omnia vincit
Improbus, et duris urgens in rebus egestas.

Compare Aristoph. Plut. 552 — 554. Persius Prologus 10, Magister artis,

ingenique largitor venter.

2 For f.Tri4/ctvffyai, Wordsworth suggests tirio(3ea0yai — shall have dis-

6—16. IDYLL XXI. 107

present themselves and disturb him. Two old men, 3 hunters
of the finny tribe, were reclining together, having strewed for
themselves dry sea- weed in their wattled cabin, and resting
themselves against its wall of leaves ; and near them were
lying the implements of their handicraft, the wicker baskets,
the rods, the hooks, and 4the gumcistus, covered by sea- weed,
fishing lines, and weels, and bow-nets of rushes, cords, and
5 two oars, and an old boat on its rollers. Beneath their
heads was a scanty cloak of mat-work, garments, and felt
caps. This was to the fishermen their whole 6 stock of im-
plements, this their wealth. And neither had an earthen
pot, or a 7 measure ; all, all seemed superfluous to them ;
8 poverty was a friend to their fishing trade. And no neigh-

sipated (his cares), comparing Horat. Od. II. xi. 17, Dissipat Evius curias
edaces. oXiyov is used here adverbially — vvKr6f} the genitive of the part of
time. Cf. Idyll xxiii. 32, aXX' oXiyoj/ %y. Horn. Odyss. six. 515, &c.,
Aiircip iiri]v vv£ i'X6j), 'e.\ri<ri TC. /coT-ros aVairras
K-ilfjLai ivl XtKTput, irvKival dt fjioi a/u<^>' aoivou /c?)p
'Ofctiai fj.£\tSwvai odvpofjitvriv iptOovcriv.
Juvenal xiii. 217, Nocte brevem si forti indulsit cura soporem.

3 t'x0t>oc — for i\QvS)v. See Idyll xvi. 72. Mosch. v. 10.

4 \i}Savov was the " gum cistus," which is found on the leaves of XrjSov,
an oriental shrub. Some such herbs were used as baits in fishing, as we
learn from Oppian Halieut. Various readings have been suggested to
simplify the passage. The best is Briggs's StXfjra for re \ijda ; as
£t\fdri becomes osXfjri. Heysch. It will thus be simply "baits." Words-
worth prefers to erase the comma at rdyiciarpa, and joining ra (pvKioev
TO. with it ; and for re Xrjda, to read ra iri]Sa, the oars — a word used by
Homer, Odyss. vii. 328, and elsewhere. Then we should construe " the
hooks covered with sea- weed, and the oars." But see Wordsworth's note.

5 Kwdc re, is the common reading, but obviously unsound. The fisher-
men had scanty bed-clothes: if they had had skins or fleeces, they would
not let them lie among their implements. The best suggestion seems
Xiessling's Kiaira re, a pair of oars. But if so, Wordsworth's conjecture
in the last note is overthrown. J. Wordsworth, however, thinks that
Kwac is the true reading, and that it means the skin used as a " seat cover,"
or " coverlet," as the case might be, of Greek sailors, mentioned by
Thirlwall, Greece, vol. iii. 158, note.

6 irovof. There is no need here to substitute iropoe, with Schaefer
and Brunck. irovof here signifies " id quo labor fit," as vs. 9, ytpolv

7 iv must be read here — i. e. a measure whose half was called fip.iva,
Eustath., Hiravra Trepiaaa. Wordsworth suggests oi> K\ivav, not a bed.

8 Read iravr iSoKti D'/VOIC,. aypac. Trevia afyiv Iraipa. Sanctamand.
This is the slightest alteration, though Wordsworth's suggestion is in-
genious, who reads — iravr idoicei revolt; d ypag Trtpi, a ff(f>' ay' trafpouc,.

103 THEOCRITUS. 17—36.

bour had they 9near ; but on all sides the sea would gently
float up even to 10 the narrow cabin. Not yet was Selene's
car accomplishing the mid-way of her course, when their
wonted toil began to wake the fishermen, and having thrust
away slumber from their eyelids, they proceeded to rouse a
song in their minds.

Asph. They were all liars, friend, as many as used to say
that the summer nights shorten, when Jove draws out the
days to a great length. Already have I seen a myriad dreams,
nor is it yet dawn. Have I forgotten myself ? What is the
matter ? u Are the nights then lagging ?

Com. Asphalion, are you blaming the fair summer ? For it
is not the season which has of its own accord over-stepped
its due course, but your cares, disturbing your sleep, make the
night long to you.

Asph. Hast ever learnt, I wonder, to interpret dreams ;
for I have seen a good one. I would not have you be with-
out a share in my vision ; be partner of all my dreams, even
as you are of my spoils. For you will not be surpassed in
understanding ; 12he is the best diviner of dreams with whom
understanding is the teacher. Besides there is leisure too ;
for what can a man do as he lies on a bed of leaves close by
the waves, 13and sleeps uncomfortably on prickly shrubs,

Omnia iis videbantur supervacanea pree piscatione et praeda, quse eos fecit
socios.

9 i. e. between the cabin and the sea.

18 0Xi/3o/i£vav, pressed for room. Theoc. xx. 4, QXifiuv xeiXea, to
press the lips. Musseus 114, ijpefia piv QXifiwv podotidia cdicrvXa
Kovprjg. For vavra, (or irivia, which is the reading of MSS.,) Words-
worth would read irvouf, St, connecting it with 6\ifionfvav, which would
then signify " fractam vento."

11 Aristoph. Nub. 2, 3,

TO xp?~;,ua Ttav VVKTWV otrov ;
airlpav-rov. ovcliroQ' i]/uipa ytvijatTai.

12 Scaliger reads of yap dv flica^y — which seems borne out by the fol-
lowing quotations. Cic. de Divin. ii. 5, Qui bene conjiciet vatem
perhibebo optimum. Eurip. apud Plutarch, p.avTig $' apioroe oarig
tlica^ii jcaXwc- Better perhaps is Wordsworth's rovvap 'iv' tiKa^yg.

13 aofjitvo^ iv pd[iv<t). Such is the common reading, which yields a
tolerable sense, viz. that Asphalion cannot comfortably, without fear,
sleep on thorns, in a rough and dangerous place. If we adopt any
various reading, n^Se Ka9iv3d)i> d\\v\voQ iv pdyjuy, i. e. " without a light,
on the sea's edge," is best. This reading has the merit of introducing the
words following less abruptly.

36—53. IDTLL XXI. 109

14 and the light is in the Prytaneum, not here, 15for they say
that that is ever catching spoil.

Com. Tell me, pray, the vision of the night, and say and
signify all to me your comrade.

Asph. 16At evening, when I fell asleep over my sea-faring
labours, (I was not indeed full of meat; for dining 17at the
proper time, if you recollect, we were sparing of our stomachs,)
I fancied I saw myself on a rock, busy, and I was sitting and
watching for fish, and throwing the sly bait hanging from the
rod. And one of the fat fellows made a bite ; (for even in sleep
every dog scents loaves, and so do I a fish ;) and it indeed
clung to the hook, and the blood began to flow, and I was getting
the rod bent by his movement. So stretching out both my
hands, I found a struggle about the creature, how I should catch
a large fish with hooks rather small for him. 18 Then, remind-
ing him of his wound, 'will you prick me then,' said I : 'Nay,
rather you shall be pierced sorely;' and I extended my rod,
while he did not escape it. I seemed to have accomplished
my labour, I drew ashore a golden fish, altogether wrapt up
in the gold. But fear possessed me, lest haply it should be a

14. >5 To this very difficult passage the only light which seems clear, is
the explanation of Strothius. The comrade says, (34 — 37,) Unfold your
dream, since we have leisure : we cannot sleep, so comfortless is our
couch, and we cannot work because 'tis dark. We have not the same
means of dispelling darkness as the rich, or public halls, which can keep
their lamps (Xvxvia) burning all night ; nor is our dypct, our gain from
our craft, such as to enable us to get a light for the dark nights. When
it is said the light is in the Prytaneum, (the common hall of Athens,
Syracuse, and other large towns,) it is implied that^is " not in the fisher-
man's hut," by the same figure as we say " wine is the rich man's drink,"
i. e. "not for the poor man." And so in the New Testament, St. Matt,
xi. 8, " Behold, they that wear soft clothing are in king's houses," i. e.
you must not look for them in the desert. The 37th verse implies that
public halls can always afford to be lit up. These fishermen, says Chap-
man, were honest radicals.

" SnXivbv, adverbially. Compare Idyll i. 15; xiii. 69; xxiv. 11.

17 iv a>p<f. Pierson's suggestion, ciwpi, intempestiv^, yields a better
sense. For fiffiawra, two lines below, Wordsworth reads /Btfia&Ta; and
at tic KaXdfjLtav, in the line below, compare Ovid Met. xiii. 923, Nunc in
mole sedens moderabar arundine limum.

18 For the obscure reading of the books, which has been literally
Englished in the text, but yields no adequate sense, Kiessling, after
reviewing many other suggestions, proposes tl9' vTTOfitfivdffKiiiv TW rpw-
fiarog i/pl/za vv£a, Kai vv^ag ixd\a%a, (car oi> <pfvyovTO<; iruva — I gently
pricked him, and when I had done so, relaxed my hold on the rod, &c.

110 THEOCRITUS. 54—67.

fish beloved by Neptune, or perhaps a treasure of blue-eyed
Amphitrite. Then softly I disengaged him from the hook,
lest ever the hooks should retain the gold from his mouth.
19 And thejish indeed I hauled ashore with ropes, and I swore
that never in future would I set foot upon the sea, but abide
on land and reign over the gold. This was even what awoke
me : but do you, my friend, resolve my mind henceforward,
for I am alarmed at the oath which I have sworn.

Com. Why then fear it not ! you have tnot sworn ; for
neither did you find, as you saw, a fish of gold. But visions
resemble falsehoods. 20 And if in reality, and not in sleep, you
shall search these spots, the hope of your dreams requires a
fish of flesh, lest you should die by famine, though amid
dreams of gold.

IDYLL XXII.

THE DIOSCURI.

ARGUMENT.

This hymn to the Dioscuri is divided into two parts — the first (27 — 134)
in praise of Pollux, the second of Castor. After a proem (1 — 26)
sounding their common praises, a most renowned contest between
Pollux and Amycus is described. When the Argonauts touched at the

19 Wordsworth, seeing the absurdity of the text, which makes the fisher-
man haul ashore a fish, after he has disengaged the hook from the mouth,
suggests — Kal TOTt fifv KiffTy KaTtK\aKa rbv tvr dpprjrov. Et tune ego
area eum conclusi tanquam sacrum. This reading he supports by Horat.
Sat. I. i. 67, and v. 71; as well as by Ovid Met. ii. 557, clauserat
Acteeo text& de vimine cista.

80 Here Bindemann suggests

Ei 5' i/irap, oil Kvuitrartav TV Ta \<apia -ravra /JLaTtucrtis

iXirioaTuiv virvaiv, £d-r£i. K. T. \.

If you in reality, and not in sleep, shall seek in these places the hope
raised in your dreams, seek then, &c. A sense which, it will be allowed,
is clearer than that of the text. Wordsworth reads t XTTJC T&V virvtav,
placing a colon at VTTVUV, and then £ar«, K.T. \., i. e. There is hope in
your dreams : seek the fish of flesh. In the next line he reads, with
Scaliger, rote f°r TOI; the article for the possessive pronoun "tuis,"
"Lest you die in famine, and your golden dreams."

1 — 12. IDYLL XXII. Ill

shores of the Bebrycians, Pollux and Castor, going in quest of water,
find in the region, which abounds in springs, one Amycus of great
bodily strength ; who gives out to them that they shall then only
draw water, when they can conquer him in boxing. Terms are
accepted, the Argonauts and Bebrycians convened, and in the conflict
Pollux comes oft' victorious, although there was reason to fear that his
adversary's vast strength might overwhelm him. In the remainder of
the Hymn is commemorated Castor's fight with Lynceus. The cir-
cumstances of which were these. When the Dioscuri had carried off
the daughters of Leucippus, Idas and Lynceus, the sons of Aphareus,
their betrothed lovers, overtake the ravishers at the tomb of Aphareus.
Then Lynceus Raving in vain tried to persuade the Dioscuri to give
back the maidens, challenges Castor to single combat. Castor accepts
the challenge, and they fight first with spears, and then with swords,
till Lynceus is wounded, and pierced through at his father's tomb, to
which he had fled. Idas, grieved at the loss of his brother, seizes a
fragment of the tomb to hurl at Castor, but is himself overthrown in
the act by a thunderbolt from Jupiter.

1 WE celebrate the two sons of Leda and .ZEgis-bearing
Jove, 2 Castor and Pollux, formidable to contend in boxing,
when he has bound his knuckles over with thongs of ox-hide.
We celebrate both twice, and the third time, the male offspring
of the 3 daughter of Thestius, twin Lacedasmonian brothers,
4 preservers of men when already at the utmost extremity,
and of horses thrown into confusion in the bloody rout, and
of ships 5 which, running counter to setting and rising stars of
heaven, have chanced upon rough gales. For these having
raised a huge wave at the stern of them, or jeven at the prow,
or wheresoever each may choose, are wont to dash it into the

1 For the conflict of Pollux with Amycus, cf. Apollon. Rhod. lib. ii.,
and Valerius Flaccus iv. Argonaut. 99 — 334.

z Horn. Odyss. xi. 299, Kd<rropa 0' 'nnroSa/Aov, Kai TTV% ayaQov
noXvBivKta. Horat. I. xii. 25, 26. Puerosque Ledae, Hunc equis, ilium
superare pugnis nobilem. Virg. Mn. v. 405, Tantorum ingentia septem
Terga bourn plumbo insuto ferroque rigebant.

3 Kotipr/e QsandSoc;, i. e. Leda. Just as in Idyll xv. 110, a RtpfviKtia
Qvyarrjp. Comp. Horn. II. iv. 367. Her female offspring is commemorated
in Euripid. Iph. Aul. 49.

4 Horat. Od. I. iii. 2, Sic fratres Helenas, lucida sidera. — iirl Zvpov
flvai. Cf. Horn. II. x. 173; Herodot. vi. 11; Sophocl. Antig. 1009.

5 Bta£6fievai — struggling against. Herodot. ix. 41 ; Horn. II. xi.
558, ij3ir]ffaTo TraiSaf. Sophoc. Fragm. lip. Stobeeum, irdvrMV apiarov
pri fiid£icr6ai Otovg. Compare St. Matt. xi. 12, r) fiacriXtia TWV ovpavwv
/Std&rai. Chapman Englishes it "star-defying;" setting at a wrong
season of the year. The fate of such is given in the poet's 9th Epigram,
infra, vs. 5, 6.

112 THEOCRITUS. 12—27.

hold, and then break up both the sides of the ship, whilst all
the tackle hangs with the sail, broken off hap-hazard ; and
there 6 is a vast rain from the sky, as night steals on, and the
broad sea murmurs, 7 struck by the blasts, and by the inces-
sant hail. 8 Yet, notwithstanding, ye, on your part, draw out
even from the depths ships with sailors and all, just as they
think they are going to perish. Then quickly cease the winds
and there is a clear calm over the sea, and the clouds flee
away in different directions ; and the Bears ^hine out again,
and in the midst of the 9< asses' a dusky crib, indicating 10that
all the weather for sailing is clear and fine. Oh ! both of
you, helpers to mortals, oh both of you, friends, as horsemen,
harpers, wrestlers, minstrels — Shall I begin to sing of Castor,
or Pollux first ? Celebrating both, I will sing of Pollux first.
Now the ship Argo, I ween, having cleared nthe rocks

6 JEn. v. 10, 11,

Olli caeruleus supra caput astitit imber

Noctem hyememque ferens.

Horn. II. ii. 413, Kai iiri Kv'tfyaf tXOtlv. We have here translated the
emendation of Kiessling, t<j>tpTroiaa£.

7 See Virg. JEn. ix. 669, 670,

Quam multa grandine nimbi

In vada prsecipitant ; cum Jupiter humidus Austris
Torquet aquosam hyemem, et ccelo cava nubila rumpit.
Two lines below for avroiaiv vavraiaiv, compare Eurip. Hippol. 1188,
aiiTaitriv apfivXaurtv, and Bp. Monk's note thereon. Matth. Gr. Gr. §
405, Obs. 3.

8 Cf. Horat. Od. I. xii. 25, Quorum simul alba nautis Stella refulsit,
&c., and Od. I. xiv. 10, Non di, quos iterum pressa voces malo : add to
these Od. IV. viii. 32,

Clarum Tyndaridse sidus ab infimis
Quassas eripiunt aequoribus rates.

9 Cf. Aratus 905, oviav tyarvi], two stars in the breast of the crab, of
which Pliny, H. N. xviii. 35, says, Sunt in signo Cancri duae stellee parvee.
Aselli appellatse, exiguum inter illas spatium obtineiite nubeculi, quam
Prsesepia appellant, r) 'Apieroe was the Great Bear, or Charles's Wain ; al
apicroi, the Greater and Lesser Bear. Cic. N. D. ii. 41 ; Virg. Georg. i. 245 ;
^En. vi. 16.

10 TO. Trpoc TrXoov tvdta. _32n. iii. 518, Postquam cuncta videt ccelo
constare sereno.

" avviovuaQ, the Cyanean rbcks. See Idyll xiii. 22; Ovid Trist. I. x.
34, Transeat instabiles strenua Cyaneas. Pliny iv. B. 27 ; Ovid Heroid.
Ep. xii. 121, Complexes utinam Symplegades elisissent. Theocritus differs
from Apollon. Rhod. II. 565, respecting the site of the Bebrycians, the
latter making it on this side the Bosporus in Propontis, while Theoc-

27—50. IDYLL XXII. 113

that meet in one, and the mischievous mouth of snowy Pontus,
arrived at the country of the Bebrycians, carrying the dear
children of the gods ; here upon many heroes were descending
by one ladder from both the sides of Jason's ship. And
having landed on the low beach and 12 sheltered shore they
were strewing couches, and 13 rubbing sticks to and fro in their
hands. But Castor, manager of steeds, and the dark complex-
ioned Pollux, were both keeping aloof, having strayed from their
comrades. And spying on a mountain14 a wild wood of vast
size, they found under a smooth cliff an ever-flowing spring,
filled with pure water, and the pebbles beneath seemed like
crystal or silver, from the depths ; and near the spot there
had grown tall pines, and poplars, and plane trees, and cy-
presses with leafy tops, 15and fragrant flowers, pleasant work
for hairy bees, flowers as many as, when spring is ending,
sprout up along the meadows.

And here a man of overwhelming size would sit and take
the air, terrible to look upon, 1G having his ears bruised with
hard thumps, 17and his huge chest and broad back were
arched and rounded with iron flesh, like a forged colossus.
And on his strong arms the muscles stood out at the surface
of the shoulder, like 18 round stones which the river torrent

ritus places it beyond the Bosporus, on the shore of Bithynia, which the
Pontus -washes.

12 vT!"f)V(fiov, sheltered from the wind. Soph. Antig. 411, Ka9f]fit9'
aKpotv tK Trdywv V7rr}vtfioi. Xen. Me. xviii. 7. Ma. iii. 223, Turn littore
curvo exstruimusque toros.

13 Pieces of wood for striking a light. See Horn. Hymn to Merc. 111.
Vid. Apollon. Rhod. i. 1184. Add Sophocl. Philoct. 36, KOI Trvpu 6/iou

TttSt.

14 Virg. 2En. i. 165—167,

Desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbrft :

Intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo.

Wordsworth compares very aptly some beautiful lines of Ausonius in his
Mosella, 60—75.

15 Compare Idyll \ii. 80.

16 JEn. iii. 621, Nee visu facilis, nee dictu affabilis ulli. Hard thumps,
i. e. those of hands covered with the caestus, which some say Amycus in-
troduced. It is described by Virgil JEn. v. 405, Terga bourn plumbo
insuto, ferroque rigebant. Ibid. 478, Dures libravit caestus 430, duro
crepitant sub vulnere mala.

17 Comp. "Val. Flacc. Argon, iv. 202, &c., At procul e silvis, &e.

18 oXot'rpoxoi, rolling stones thrown from a wall, on besiegers. Herodot.
viii. 52. oXooj'rpoxoe, occurs II. xiii. 137, which place Virgil has copied.
JEn. xii. 684.

114 THEOCRITUS. 50—67.

lias polished by rolling in its vast eddies ; 19but over his back
and neck was hung a lion's skin, fastened on by the paws.
And him the prize man Pollux first bespoke.

Poll. Save you, stranger, whoever you are. Who are the
mortals to whom this country belongs ?

Amyc. How can I be 20safe, that is, when I see men, whom
I have never seen ?

Poll. Be of good cheer ! deem that you see neither unjust
men, nor unjust men's sons.

Amyc. I am of good cheer ! And not from you is it meet
that I should be taught this.

Poll. You are savage, in every thing malignant and over-
bearing.

Amyc. I am such as you see me : yes, and I am not setting
foot on your country.

Poll. Come — and return home again, ay, having met with
hospitable treatment.

Amyc. Do not either you entertain me, and my entertain-
ment is not in readiness.

Poll. My good sir, would not you at any rate allow us even
to drink of this water ?

Amyc. You shall learn, when thirst 21 shall dry your re-
laxed lips.

Poll. Is it silver, or what is the pay, will you tell us, by
which we might persuade you ?

Amyc. 22Lift your hands against me in single combat,
having stood man against man.

Poll. As a boxer, or even tripping up the heels, and keep-
ing eyes right ?

Amyc. Having laboured might and main in boxing, spare
not your craft.

19 Diomed is thus arrayed, Horn. x. 177, 178. Claudian Rapt. Proserp.
i. 16, Simul procedit lacchus,

Crinali florens hedera, quern Parthiea tigris
Velat, et auratos in nodum colligit ungues.

20 xaipe — xaipw TT&Q. J. Wordsworth points to similar puns on this
•word in Alcest. Eurip. 527, and Monk's note, and Matthiae at Hecuba 424.

21 r'spffti. We have here translated according to Buttmann's view,
who holds it to come as if from a present rippw. The aor. imperat. repaov
occurs, Nicand. Theriac. 96, 693, 709.

22 So Apollon. Rhod. ii. 14, Trpiv ^tiptcro-tv ip.ii<7iv tag dvd xf^PaC
atlpai.

68—88. IDTLL XXII. 115

Poll. 23Why, who is there with whom I shall match my
hands and ccestus ?

Amyc. He is near. Don't you see me ? The boxer shall be
called Amycus.

PolL Is the prize also ready for which we shall both con-
tend ?

Amyc. I will be called thine, or thou shalt be called mine,
if I shall have conquered.

Poll. 24 Such as these are the cock-fights of crimson-crested
birds.

Amyc. Whether then we be like birds or lions, at all events
we will fight for no other prize.

So spake Amycus, and 25 having taken a spiral shell, raised
a sound from it. And they quickly gathered together to the
shade of the plane trees, at the blast of the trumpet, the always
long-haired Bebrycians. In like manner too Castor, pre-
eminent in fight, went and summoned from the Magnesian
ship all the heroes. Now they, when, in fact, they had forti-
fied their hands with coils of ox-hide, and had rolled great
thongs M around their arms, proceeded to engage in the midst,
breathing slaughter one against the other. Hereupon a great
struggle arose to them, as they were urgent which of the two
should get the glare of the sun at his back. But by skill you
over-reached a great hero, O Pollux, and all the countenance
of Amycus was being struck with the rays. Then he, in sooth,
enraged at heart, was advancing forward, taking aim with his

23 Polwhele compares here the conflict between David and Goliath.

24 The Scholiast at Aristoph. Aves, (70, 71,) states that in cock-fights
it was usual that the vanquished should ever afterwards follow and obey
the victors. Here Pollux refers to such a custom. It may be remarked
that, after the Persian war, cock-fights were annual occurrences at Athens.

25 KOX\OV tXiov. Cf. Virg. JEn. vi. 171, Sed turn forte cavsi dum
personal scquora concha. Ov. Met. i. 333 — 338, gives a full account of
this instrument.

26 yt/fa. Callim. H. in Dian. 177. Ernesti at that passage shows that
yvla is said of all the members, especially the hands, and feet, and knees,
in which lies the greatest force of the body. Horn. II. xiii. 61, ytna 5'
tGrjKtv £\a0pd, 7r6Sas /cat %£7pa£ v-rripOfv. Here it clearly stands for the
lower part of the arm, which was bound with thongs, as the old statues
of boxers would show. Compare Smith's Diet. Gr. R. Antiq. pp. 215, 216,
art. 'caestus.' Below at vs. 84, cf. Shakspeare's Love's Labour Lost,
iv. 5, Down with them, but be first advised

In conflict that thou get the sun of them,
i 2

116 THEOCRITUS. 88 — 107.

hands ; when the son of Tyndarus hit the tip of his chin as he
came on, and he was roused more than before, and dealt his
blows 27at random, and kept rushing on with great force,
bending over towards the earth. And the Bebryeians began
to shout ; but on the other side the heroes were cheering on
strong Pollux, though fearful lest haply in a narrow spot 28a
man resembling Tityus should bear down and subdue him. But
in truth the son of Jove on his part coming up with him
in one place and another kept wounding him with both hands
in turn, and was checking from his onslaught the son of Nep-
tune, overbearing though he was. And he 29 stood reeling with
blows, and spat out gory blood : and then all the chiefs raised
a shout together, when they saw grievous wounds about his
mouth and jaws, and his eyes were straitened for room on his
swollen visage.

30 Him, indeed, the prince (Pollux) disturbed, by making
feints with his fists on every side ; but when at length he
perceived that he was distressed, he drove his fist above the
middle of his nose right down his brow, and stripped off all
his forehead to the bone. 31 But he, having been stricken,
measured his length on his back, among the green foliage.
32 Hereupon, a fierce fight arose again, when he had righted

2r Pugnam concussit. Something like this is "Virgil's — Nunc dextra
ingeminans ictus, mine ille sinistrA, Mr\. v. 458 ; and Scott's Lady of
the Lake, "And shower'd his blows like wintry rain."
*> Ovid Met. iv. 456,

Viscera praebebat Tityos lanianda, novemque

Jugeribus distentus erat.
Virg. JEn. vi. 595, &c.,

Necnon et Tityon terra; omnipotentis alumnum

Cernere erat, per tola novem cui jugera corpus

Porrigitur, &c.

10 [ifOvojv. A. metaphor, the idea of which may have arisen from
Odyss. xviii. 239, rjarrai vtvara^v KityaXij, fitdvovTt foiKiag. So Psalms,
" They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man." In the lan-
guage of the English ring "groggy," as Chapman observes.

30 x£>0(7* irpoStiKvvg. Some read %ap«, unnecessarily, for aKrjirrpip
irpoStiKvvg occurs in Sophoc. (Ed. T. 456, "Feeling his way." As
Seneca, "Baculo seniliter prsetentare." Virg. JEn. v. 433, Multa \iri
necquicquam inter se vulnera jactant.

11 Virg. JEn. 446, Ipse gravis graviterque ad terram pondere vasto,

Concidit.

3- Ibid. 453, At non tardatus casu, neque territus heros,
Acrior ad pugnam redit, ac vim suscitat ira.

108—130. IDTLL XXII. 117

himself, and they were hurting one another by blows with
the hard casstus. But the ruler of the Bebrycians for his part
was directing his fists against the chest, and outside the neck
of his foe, while Pollux the invincible was disfiguring all the
other's visage with unseemly blows. And his flesh (i. e. that
of Amycus) was sinking through sweat, and from being huge
he had become on a sudden a little man ; but the other, as he
tasted toil, was bearing limbs ever stronger, and still im-
proving in healthy colour.

Now how at last the son of Jove overthrew 33the athlete,
declare, thou goddess ! for thou knowest ; and I, the inter-
preter of others, will speak as much as thou desirest, and as is
agreeable to thyself. In truth, Amycus for his part being
desirous to do some great deed, seized with his left hand the
left hand of Pollux, bending slantwise with a lunge ; and
with the other hand making his assault, raised 34 his broad fist
from his right side, and he would have hit and injured the
king of the Amyclseans, but he in turn came up secretly from
under with his head, and then with his strong hand struck
him under the left temple, and fell on his shoulder ; then the
dark blood poured out rapidly from his gaping temple : 35 and
with his left hand he struck his mouth, and the thickset teeth
rattled ; whilst he kept maiming his face with ever sharper
blows, until he had smashed his cheeks ; but then all on the
36 ground he fell senseless, 37and lifted up both hands at once,
as renouncing the victory, for he was nigh unto death.

33 dSqtyayov, "gluttonous." Cf. Philoct. Sophocl. 313, where the word
is applied to voaov. It is elsewhere an epithet of 'ITTTTOI, %wa, &c., and
seems to stand for an expression of the good keep which is commonly
connected with brute strength. See Pierson on Maeris Atticist. pp. 89, 90,
With the next line compare Virg. jEn. vii. 645, Et meministis enim,
divac, et memorare potestis.

34 Compare /En. v. 443—445,

Ostendit dextram insurgens Entellus, et alte
Extulit : ille ictum venientem a \ertice velox
Praevidit, celerique elapsus corpore cessit.

35 ^En. v. 469, 470,

Crassumque cruorem

Ore ejectantem mixtosque in sanguine denies.

:ifi aXXo^povEun/ (Horn. II. xxiii. 698) is explained OVK tv avrtji wv,
d\\' t£ierrtt|U£j>oc ry fiiavoig,.

37 The worsted combatant in encounters of this kind used to signify
his discomfiture by holding up his hands, or by falling on the ground.

118 THEOCRITUS. 131 — 153.

To him then, though thou wast victor, O boxer Pollux, thou
didst nothing madly violent ; and he sware to thee a great
oath, calling his sire Neptune from the deep to witness, that
never more would he be vexatious to strangers. And thou
indeed, O king, hast been celebrated by me. But I will sing
of thee too, Castor, son of Tyndarus, swift on horseback,
brandisher of the lance, clad in brazen mail.

The two sons of Jupiter indeed had caught up, and were
carrying off, two daughters of Leucippus : ay, and in sooth
these two, 38 two brethren, sons of Aphareus, wooers about to
marry, Lynceus and the stout Idas, were pursuing at full
speed. But when they reached the tomb of the deceased
Aphareus, from their chariots all at once rushed, one against
the other, burdened with spears and hollow shields. Then
spake Lynceus to them from out his helmet, shouting loudly.
'Fair sirs, why long ye for battle? And how is it ye are
wrongful in the case of the betrothed of others ; and39 why are
naked swords in your hands ? To us, look you, Leucippus
promised these his daughters long before any ; to us this
marriage stands upon oath. But ye, in no seemly manner,
in the case of the brides of others, 40by oxen, and mules, and
by goods not your own, have perverted the man ; and by gifts
have stolen our affianced brides. In very truth I myself have
often said the following words before the face of both of you,

See Lambert Bos. ; Antiq. Graec. 53, where much information respecting
pugilistic encounters among the ancients may be found.

38 Idas and Lynceus, sons of Aphareus and Arene ; or, as she is called
vs. 206, Laocoosa. Theocr. has related their story with great variations.
Lynceus was the same to whom Horat. alludes Epist. I. i. 18, Non
possis oculo quantum contendere Lynceus. For the full history, see
Smith's Diet. G. R. B. ii. 561, 562; Ovid Met. viii. 304 ; Fast. v. 699—
720, where the scene is laid at Aphidna. Propert. I. ii. 15.

39 Horat. Epod. vii. 1, 2,

Quo, quo scelesti, ruitisl aut cur dexteris

Aptantur enses conditi 1

The daughters of Leucippus, brother of Aphareus, were Phcobe and
Hilaira. Non sic Leucippus succendit Castora Phoebe

Pollucem cultu non Hilaira soror.

I. Propert. ii. 15. iSvoiit, to betroth for presents. Odyss. ii. 53, w£ K'
at>rt>e iiSvwaaiTO 9uyarpa.

40 The Dioscuri and Aphareidae appear by some accounts to have
been engaged in a plunder of cattle conjointly, and after gaining their
object the former cheated the latter of their share.

153—178. IDYLL XXII. 119

even though I am not a man of many speeches : — Not so, kind
sirs, is it fitting that princes should woo spouses, for whom
bridegrooms are already provided. 4l Wide, look you, is Sparta,
and wide equestrian Elis, and Arcadia rich in flocks, and the
cities of the Achaeans, Messene and Argos, and all the Sisy-
phian coast-land, where myriads of damsels are nurtured
under the care of their parents, lacking neither figure nor
mind. 'Tis easy for you to wed of these whichsoever you
may choose, since many would wish in sooth to be fathers-in-
law to the noble ; and ye are distinguished among all heroes,
and so are your fathers, and your mother's race at the same
time by descent. Nay, friends, suffer this marriage to be con-
summated for us, and for you two let us all look out another
bridal. — Many such words I was wont to say, but a blast of
wind would bear them away to the moist wave, and favour
did not follow my speeches. 42For ye two were inexorable
and harsh. But yet even now be persuaded, for ye both 43 are
kinsmen to us on the father's side. But if your heart yearns
for war, and it must needs be that, 44 having made mutual
strife break forth, we end our feuds with bloodshed, Idas,
indeed, and his cousin, brave Pollux, shall hold off their hands,
having kept from the battle ; but let us two, I and Castor,
being the younger, decide the issue in fight, and let us not
leave to our parents exceeding grief. One corpse is enough
from one house, but the others shall feast all their friends as

41 The various parts of the Peloponnese are enumerated.
Corinthian ; so called from the fabled king Sisyphus. Odyss. xi. 593.
Two lines below compare Virgil JEn. xii. 24,

Sunt alia? innupta; Latio et Laurentibus agris
Nee genus indecores.

4S a.KT)\r)r<j). Sophoc. Trach. 999, rod' a.Krj\r]rov fjiaviag dvQog tcara-
StpxQrjvai : unappeasable.

43 Aphareus and Tyndarus were brothers, sons of Gorgophone, the
former by her first husband Perieres, the latter by ^Ebalus, the second
husband of Gorgophone. Thus their children, the Dioscuri and Aphar-
eidae would be cousins. For \vaai there is another reading Xovvai.
Wordsworth thinks that this is a mistake of transcribers for Stvoai —
rigare hastas sanguine. Yirg. 2En. xii. 308, Sparso rigat arma cruore.
Of. Horn. II. p. 51.

44 Virg. j£n. ii. 129, vocem rumpit. iv. 553, Tantos ilia suo rumpebat
pectore questus. avappiiaativ is used as here, Pindar Fragm. 172 ;
Aristoph. Eq. 626. Below compare jEn. xii. 78, Teucrum arma quies-
cant, et Kutilum : nostro dirimamus sanguine bellum.

120 THEOCRITUS. 179—202.

bridegrooms instead of corpses, and shall wed these maidens ;
'tis meet, look you, to remove great strife by a little evil.'

He spake, and his words in truth the god was not about to
render idle. For they two, indeed, who were elder in age,
put off their arms from their shoulders upon the ground ;
whilst Lynceus, advanced to the mid space, brandishing his
strong lance under the topmost 45rim of his shield ; and in like
manner brave Castor brandished his pointed spear, and the
plumes of the crests of both kept nodding. First of all, indeed,
with lances 46 they were busied in aiming at each other, if haply
they saw any part of the body exposed. But, in truth, the
points of their spears, ere they had wounded one or the other,
were broken, having stuck fast in their 47 mighty shields. Then
they two, having drawn their hangers from the scabbards,
again proceeded to deal out slaughter one against the other,
and there was no withdrawal of battle. Oft, indeed, Castor
pierced into the broad shield and 48 horse-plumed helmet, and
oft the 49 keen-eyed Lynceus struck the other's shield, and the
point reached 50 as far as the purple crest. Now of this man's
hand, as he brought his sharp sword in the direction of his
(Castor's) left knee, Castor lopped off the extremity, having
removed from under the blow with his left foot; and he,
having been wounded, cast away his sword, and speedily set
off to fly to the tomb of his father, where brave Idas was re-
clining, and beholding the battle of men akin to each other.
But the son of Tyndarus having rushed after him, thrust his
broad blade right through his flank and navel, and the steel

'' The parts of the shield were avTV%, or Irvq iripit^Bptta, or KVK\OQ,

the rim ; (Horn. II. xviii. 479 ;) opQaXos, the boss; (cf. Horn. II. vi. 118,

dairlg ofi^aXoiiTffa ;) TiXapuv, the thong, or shoulder-strap ; irop-iraK, the

ring, by which it was held, for which oxavov, a handle, was substituted.

« TTOVOV tlxov. Cf. Idyll vii. 139. Cf. Virgil JEn. ii. 748,

Partes rimatur apertas
Qua vulnus lethale ferat.

47 Sttvoiai. II, vii. 145. The epithet is worthy to be applied to shields,
if, as Kiessling suggests, we remember, ^Esch. S. c. Theb. 372, &c.,
the devices on the shields of the seven chiefs. Reiske conjectures tv
irttvoifft.

48 iir-ffoicofjiog. H. xii. 339; Idyll xvi. 81, which see.

40 Cf. note at vs. 140, above ; Pind. Nem. x. 116, Ktivov yap iirixQov'xav
-xavTwv ytvtT 6£vrarov o/x/ta. Horace Epist. I. i. 28, Non possis oculis
quantum contendere Lynceus.

50 uerov. Compare Idyll i. 45.

203—223. IDYLL XXII. 121

quickly scattered in different ways his intestines within, and
Lynceus lay bowed to the earth, and down his eye-lids, I
ween, a heavy slumber coursed.

5 'No, nor did Laocoosa see even the other of her sons con-
summate a marriage dear to him at his father's hearth ; for of
a truth he on his part, Messenian Idas I mean, having broken
off a column standing out from the sepulchre of Aphareus,
was in act to throw it speedily at his brother's murderer ;
52 but Jupiter bore aid, and dashed out of his hands the
wrought marble, and burnt him up with his blaze of light-
ning. Thus to fight with the sons of Tyndarus 53is no light
matter. Both they themselves are mighty, and were born of
one who is mighty.

Hail, children of Leda ! and may ye ever send worthy fame
to my hymns, for friendly, I wot, are all poets to the Tyn-
daridas, and Helen, and to other heroes, who sacked Troy, in
aid of Menelaus. For you, ye princes, the Chian bard
wrought glory, when he had sung the city of Priam, and the
ships of the Greeks, and the Ilian battles, and Achilles,

54 tower of war. And to you, in my turn also, I bear pro-
pitiatory offerings of sweet Muses, such as they themselves
provide, and according as my means are ; and to the gods the

55 noblest of honours is song.

51 Compare with this Eurip. Phoenissje, 336 — 350. (Dindorf.) Just
above, for the death of Lynceus, compare "Virg. JEn. x. 745,

Olli dura quies oculos, et ferreus urget

Somnus : in oetemam clauduntur lumina noctem.

52 Ovid Fasti, v. 712,

Ibat in hunc Idas ; vixque est Jovis igne repulsus,
Tela tamen dextrse fulmine rapta negant.

53 OVK iv i\a(j>p<{i. So Herodot. i. 118, OVK iv i\a<pp<j> TriniiaOai. Com-
pare Iphig. in Aul. Eurip. 969 ; Helen. 1227, iv ivpaptl ; and Electr. 530.

54 Trvpyov avrfiG. Odyss. xi. 555. Eurip. Alcest. 311, Traig — irarip'
?X« Trvpyov peyav.

55 Compare Idyll xvii. 8.

IDYLL XXIII.

THE LOVER ; OR, LOVE-SICK
ARGUMENT.

This Idyll represents the ungovernable love of a young man for a friend,
who despised him, in consequence of which he at last hangs himself.
The other, nowise moved, goes to the baths, and is there slain by a
statue of Eros which falls upon and crushes him. Virgil has taken
the idea of his second Eclogue partly from this. Compare also Ovid
Met. xiv. 698.

1 A CERTAIN love-sick man was enamoured of a hard youth,
in beauty fair, but in disposition no longer on a par. He
hated him that loved him, and had not even a jot of mildness,
and he knew not Eros, what god he was, and 2what sort of
bow and arrows he holds in his hands, how grievous shafts
he hurls against boys ; but in all respects, whether in
speeches or in approaches, he ivas unbending. Nor was
there any solace of the fires of love, not quivering of lip,
nor bright flash of eyes, 3nor rosy cheek, nor word, nor kiss
that relieves love. 4But as a beast of the forest watches the
hunters, so would he do all things against the man : and
fierce were his lips, and sternly looked his eyes ; 5 they had
fate upon them : and his countenance answered to his bile,
and the colour fled from it, 6clad in arrogance from his

1 7roXt50iXrpoe, suffering from many love-charms. Hence enamoured,
love-sick. Virg. Eel. II. i., Formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin, &c.

2 Mosch. i. 21, roi Trucpoi KaXa/ieu, ro7c 7roXXa/a KJ//M rtrpwffica. Ovid.
Met. v. 380, 381, Et arbitrio matris de mille sagittis

Unam, seposuit, sed qu& nee acutior ulla,
Nee minus incerta est.

3 poSopaXov. Compare Idyll vii. 117 ; Tibull. in. iv. 34.

4 Compare Apollon. Rhod. i. 1243.

4 tlxov averyKav. Heinsius reads ilStv dvdyicav, "she looked necessity,"
but the reading of the text seems best. For avdyKt), necessitas, see
Horat. Od. I. iii. 35, Tarda necessitas lethi; I. xxxv. 17, Te semper
anteit saeva necessitas.

4 Ov. Met. xiv. 714, Spernit et irridet, factisque immitibus addit Verba
superba ferox. rr(piK(ifi.svof. The construction is like the Homeric
d\Ki]v, dvaiBtiqv tTritifikvoQ. II. i. 149 ; viii. 262, &c. Perhaps the comma
should be removed after XP^S 'm the preceding line.

14—31. IDYLL XXIII. J23

wrath. But even under these circumstances he was beautiful,
7 and from his wrath the lover was the more inflamed. 8 At
last he could not endure so great a blaze of Cytherea, but
went and 9 began to bewail at the cruel dwelling, and kissed
the door-post, and thus lifted up his voice : —

Cruel and morose youth, offspring of an evil lioness, 10flinty
youth, and unworthy of love, I have come bringing thee this
last present, my rope ; since no longer do I wish to pain thee,
lad, angered as thou art, but I am going whither thou hast de-
voted me ; where, 'tis said, the road is common, and n where
oblivion is the remedy, for them that love. ^'But even though I
should have taken it all to my lips, and have drained the cup,
not even thus shall I quench my yearning thirst. But now I
add farewell to your vestibule — I know what is coining.

13 Both the rose is lovely, and time withers it. And the
violet is beautiful in spring, yet quickly it grows old.
White is the lily; when it falls, it withers: the snow too
is white, and it melts after it has become frozen. And

" Compare Martial, Ep. v. 47,

Basia dum nolo, nisi quce luctantia carpsi :
Et placet ira mihi plus tua, quam facies.
Chapman compares Shakspeare's Twelfth Night,

" O, what a deal of scorn looks beautiful
In the contempt and anger of his lip ! "
8 Ov. Met. xiv. 716,

Non tulit impatiens longi tormenta doloris
Iphis, et ante fores haec verba novissima dixit.

' An allusion to the custom referred to in Idyll iii. Horat. Od. I. xxv.
1, Parcius junctas quatiunt fenestras, &c.

10 \aivt. See Idyll iii. 18, TO iruv Xi0oj. Ibid. 39, dSap.dvriva.
Tibull. I. vi. 3'2.

11 Here some read TO \d6as. Cf. Virg. JEn. vi. 714,

Lethaei ad fluminis undam
Secures latices, et longa oblivia potant.
Hor. Od. I. xxviii. 15, Omnes una manetnox,

Et calcanda semel via lethi.

12 Comp. Song of Solomon viii. 6, 7, "Love is strong as death:
jealousy is cruel as the grave, the coals thereof are coals of lire, which
has a most vehement flame. Many waters cannot quench love, neither
can the floods drown it."

13 Virg. Eel. ii. 18, Alba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia nigra leguntur.
Tibull. I. iv. 29, Quam cito purpureos deperdit terra colores :

Quam cito formosas populus alta comas.

For iraxOy, (line 31,) Wordsworth suggests 6a\Try, cum sol earn
calefaciat, cr cum nix calefiat, as Soph. Antig. 415.

124 THEOCRITUS. 32—51.

the beauty of childhood is fair, yet it lives but a short
space. That time shall come when even you will love ; when,
scorched at your heart, you shall we?p briny tears. Nay, do
you, boy, even now for this last time, do a pleasant act,
14 whensoever, having gone forth, you shall have beheld me
suspended at your vestibule, pass me not by, wretch as I am,
but stand and weep though briefly ; and having shed the liba-
tion of a tear, loose me from the rope, and place about me gar-
ments from your limbs, and cover me, and for the last time
15 kiss me, and make the dead man a present of your lips. Be
not afraid of me. I cannot live, no, not if, having been recon-
ciled, you shall kiss me. And hollow me out a tomb, 16 which
shall bury my love. And if you depart, n shout this over me
thrice: '0 friend, thou liest low.' Yes, and if you will, say
this too : ' And for me a beautiful companion has perished.'
And write this inscription, which I will engrave for 18you in
verses : ' Traveller, this man Love slew ; pass not by. but stop
and say this, He had a cruel comrade.'

Thus having said, he took up a stone, and having planted
it against a wall even to the middle of the door-posts, a dread-
ful stone, he proceeded 19to attach to them the slender rope,

14 Ov. Met. xiv. 733, &c.,

Dixit et ad postes, ornatos seepe coronis,

Cum foribus laquei religasset vincula summa

" Heec tibi serta placent, crudelis et improba," dixit, &c.

15 See Bion, i. 45, &c., typtv TvrObv "ASioin, TO S' av TrvfiaTov \it
<j>i\aaov.

16 Propert. I. xvii. 19, 20,

Illic si qua meum sepelirent fata dolorem,

Ultimus et posito staret amore lapis. Cf. Virg. Eel. v. 42.

17 Prop. I. vii. 23, 24,

Nee poterunt juvenes nostro reticere sepulchre j
Ardoris nostri ma?na poeta, jaces.

18 Ovid. Trist. III. iii. 71—74,

Quosque legal versus oculo properante viator

Grandibus in tumuli marmore caede notis :

Hie ego qui jaceo, tenerorum lusor amorum,

Ingenio peril Naso poeta meo.

Cpmp. Idyll xvii. 47 ; Tibull. III. ii. 27. But Wordsworth's reading,
TOI\OI<SI, is far more probable, and rests on good ground.

19 For air' aurwv, which must refer to the beam above the doors,
Vossius would read avwBtv (as ./Esch. Agam. 884, TroXXac dvw9tv
aprdvae ifiiJQ Siptjc t\v<?av). But Kiessling thinks air' aiirij " unice
verum."

51—03. IDYLL XXIII. 125

and began to throw the noose around his neck ; and then he
rolled the stepping-stone from under his foot, and hung, a
corpse. But the other in his turn opened the doors, and
beheld the dead man suspended from his own hall-door ; nor
was he overcome in his spirit, nor did he weep 20for the
slaughter of a young man : but yet more, he polluted for the
dead man all the youthful garments, and proceeded to go to
the contests of the wrestlers, and to seek, afar off, pleasant
baths ; and he came to the god whom he had insulted, for
Eros was standing on a stone basement above the waters.
21 And the statue leaped forth and slew the wretched youth,
and the water became purpled, but the voice of the lad kept
coming to the top. Rejoice, ye that love, for he who hated
has been slain ; and ye, beloved youths, be affectionate, for the
god knows how to punish.

IDYLL XXIV.

THE LITTLE HERCULES.

ARGUMENT.

In this Idyll the first achievement of the boy Hercules is recounted, his
victory, to wit, over the hostile dragons sent against him by Juno.
Alcmena, terrified by this prodigy, (62,) sends for Teiresias, the seer,
to explain it, and to point out means of appeasing the wrath of the
gods. He comes, and unfolds the labours, the earthly and the hea-
venly glory which should attend the child, when grown to man's
estate. He also orders the dragons to be burned, and the house to be
purified. There follows an enumeration of the masters, whose train-
ing conduced to make Hercules a worthy hero. The end of the poem,
which we may suppose to have gone deepjy into the history of his
training, has been lost. Valkenaer thinks that this Idyll, and the

20 V'BOV (ftovov for Qovov TOV vkov. Find. Ol. ii. 78, vka af9\a for
dtOXu TWV vewv. But J. Wordsworth shows by a number of passages,
that viov stands here, by a sort of euphemism, for vtoKorov, " strange,
unwonted." iiri viKptji. A better reading is suggested, in, by Kiess-
ling, which we have adopted.

!I Polwhele in his notes compares (as regards the manner of death)
Callimachus, Epigr. vii., which see; and also gives a version of the same
by Duiicombe.

126 THEOCRITUS. 1—19.

25th, and the Megara of Moschus, are the three parts of one poem,
the Heraclea of some nameless author. Reiske supposed Idylls 24th
and 25th to be parts of the Heraclea of Pisander; but Kiessling
points out that the non-preservation of the customs of the heroic age
in these two Idylls disproves this theory. We may safely, with War-
ton, reckon it among the Idylls of Theocritus.

ONCE upon a tirne Alcmena of l Midea, having washed both
Hercules, now ten months old, and Iphiclus, younger by a
night, and having filled them with milk, had laid them down
in a 2 brazen shield, which, a noble piece of armour, Amphi-
tryon had taken as spoil from fallen Pterelaus. And the
woman, touching the head of her children, spake thus: ( Sleep,
my babes, a sweet sleep, and one from which ye may awake ;
sleep, my lives, two brothers, secure children, happily may ye
sleep, and happily arrive at morn.' Thus having said, she
rocked the great shield, and sleep took possession of them.

But what time 3the Bear revolves at midnight toward the
setting, opposite Orion himself, and he displays his broad
shoulder, then in sooth Juno of many schemes set in motion
two dreadful monsters, dragons bristling with azure coils,
against the broad threshold, where the door-posts of the cham-
ber are hollow, having urged them by threats to devour the
babe Hercules.

These twain then having uncoiled themselves, were rolling
their ravenous bellies along the ground; and 4from their
eyes, as they went, evil fire was glancing, and they were spit-

1 Midea. See Idyll xiii. 20.

2 Meursius (at Callim. H. in Jov. 48) tells us that the shield was often
the cradle of a hero's child, the father praying his offspring might be
thereby inspired with a taste for war. He quotes a fragment of the
Andromeda of Ennius, "Nam ubi introducta est, puerumque ut laverent,
locant in clypeo." Pterelaus, king of the Taphians, was subdued by Am-
phitryon, who made Avar upon him in behalf of Electryon, the father of
Alcmena. He had one golden hair, which Neptune had given him, till
which was taken, he was to be immortal. This his daughter Comaetho
gave to Amphitryon. See Smith Diet. G. R. B. i. 152, Amphitryon.

5 Anacr. iii. ] — .3, Mfcroviucrioie iroQ' tijpaic 2rps0«rai or "ApKTog j/£jj
Kara X(~lPa rj)v Bowrou. Horn. Odyss. v. 274, "ApKTOV — ») r avrov
tTTftkipirat, icai T 'Qfluva SoKtvu, i. e. keeps his head turned towards
Orion. The same is meant here by /car' avrbv.

4 Compare /En. ii. 210, Ardentesque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni.
And compare the whole passage. Milton, in his description of the old
serpent, speaks of "eyes that sparkling blazed." P. L. ix. 496. For
£pX<>/« VOIQ, Pierson suggests StpKoptvoig, ingeniously.

19—45. IDYLL XXIV. 127

ting forth noxious venom. 5But when at length, licking
their forked tongues, they had come nigh the boys, then, I
wot, as Jove knoweth all things, the dear children of Alc-
mena awoke, and a light was raised all over the chamber. In
truth, the one, namely Iphiclus, forthwith shouted out, when
he perceived the evil monsters above the hollow shield, and
saw their ruthless fangs ; and kicked away with his feet the
fine coverlet, being eager to escape : but the other, Hercules,
opposing them, held fast to them with his hands, and bound
both in a firm grasp, having seized them by the throat, where
baneful poisons, such as even the gods abhor, are wrought by
murderous serpents. 6And they two, on the other hand,
began to wind with their coils around the child, late-born,
still a suckling, ever tearless under his nurse's care : but again
they began to uncoil, since they were wearied in their spines,
in trying to find a riddance from his constraining grasp. And
Alcmena heard a cry, and awoke first. 'Rise, Amphitryon,
for timid fear possesses me : rise, 7nor put your sandals on
your feet. Hear you not how greatly the younger of the
children is crying ? 8 Or perceive you not that, some where in
the early night, these walls also around are all plain to be seen,
without the aid of clear dawn ? There is some strange thing,
I know, in the house, there is, dear husband.'

Thus said she : and he, having complied with his wife's
request, descended from his couch, and rushed in quest of his
curiously-wrought sword, which was 9 always suspended for
him upon a peg, above his cedar couch. In truth he was
reaching after his new-spun belt, lifting in the other hand a
large scabbard, a work wrought of the lotus ; when, I wot,

5 Virg. JEn. ii. 211, Sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.
8 Virg, 2En. ii. 214, Corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque,
Implicat; and 217, Spirisque ligant ingentibus.

7 I. Tibull. iii. 91, Tune mihi, qualis eris, longos turbata capillos

Obvia nudato, Delia, curre pede.

8 Here, as in vs. 22 above, there seems to have been a supernatural light
intended. Compare Horn. Odyss. six. 37 — 39, where Telemachus from
the flood of light draws the inference ij paXa TIC; Qtbt; ZvEov. And com-
pare Plaut. Amphitr. V. i. 44, JEdes totee confulgebant tuse, quasi
essent aureee.— dupl. Cf. xi. 40. John Wordsworth suggests for drip
aTTfp, tanquam, sicut.

9 awpro, the epic plusq. perf. of atipw. 11. iii. 272 ; xix. 253. Matt.
Gr. Gr. p. 233. Kiessl.

128 THEOCRITUS. 46 — 70.

the spacious chamber was filled again with gloom. Then at
length he shouted to the servants 10 snoring heavily in sleep :
'Bring fire with all speed, having snatched it from the hearth,
my servants, and force back the strong bolts of the doors :
rise, ye patient-hearted servants, llthe master calls.' 12The
servants then speedily came forward with blazing lights, and
the chamber was filled with the bustling of each. In good
truth, I ween, when they saw the suckling Hercules tightly
holding two monsters in his tender hands, they shouted out,
clapping their hands together : but he began to point out the
serpents to his sire Amphitryon, and to leap aloft with joy
in his boyishness, and laughingly he laid before his father's feet
the dire monsters stupified with death. Alcmena indeed then
took to her bosom, dry by reason of fear, Iphiclus in passion-
ate distress ; and Amphitryon placed the 13 other boy under his
coverlet of wool, and again returned to his couch and was
mindful of slumber. The cocks a third time now were pro-
claiming the last of dawn : then 14 Alcmena having summoned
Teiresias the soothsayer, telling all things true, recounted to
him the strange matter, and bade him answer how it was
likely to end. 'And do not,' said she, 15'if the gods intend
any thing adverse, hide it from me through scruples : for that
'tis impossible for men to escape whatever the Fate 16 forces
down the spindle, I teach thee, prophet son of Eueris, very

10 Comp. JEn. ix. 326, Exstructus toto proftabat pectore somnum. Cf.
^Esch. Choeph. 612.

11 aiiTog properly means oneself as opposed to others. Hence it implies
emphasis, without opposition ; the master, for instance, as in the Pytha-
gorean avrbefya, Ipse dixit. Cf. Aristoph. Nuh. 219; Ran. 520; Liddell
and Scott Lex.

12 Horn. II. xviii. 525, oi. St ra\a Trpoytvovrc.

13 x^rtvuv- Comp. Idyll x\iii. 19 ; vii. 36.

14 Teiresias the soothsayer, son of Eueris ; stricken with blindness,
because he had seen Minerva at her bath. Cf. Callimach. H. in Lavacr.
Pallad. 91. Propert. IV. x. 57,

Magnam Tiresias aspexit Pallada vates

Fortia dum, posita Gorgone, membra lavat.

13 Compare Eli's abjuration of Samuel, I. iii. 17, " I pray thee hide it
not from me," &c. The poet here passes abruptly from his own person
to that of Alcmena.

lc K\iaarr}(> is the same as " fusus." Virg. Geonj. iv. 349,
Carmine quo captse dum fusis mollia pensa
Devolvunt.
Virg. Mn. i. 22, Sic volvere Parcas.

70—87. IDYLL XXIV. 129

wise though thou art!' Thus spake the queen. And he
answered thus : ' Cheer up, lady, mother of noblest progeny,
17 of the blood of Perseus ; I8for, by my dear light, long since
gone from mine eyes, many Achaian women shall ply the soft
yarn with the hand about the knee, I9at even-tide singing of
Alcmena by name : 20 thou shalt be a glory to the women
of Argos. This thy son, being such a hero, is about to ascend
to the star-bearing heaven, 21 a hero with a broad chest, to
whom both all monsters and all other men shall be inferior.
To him it is fated, after he has accomplished twelve labours,
to dwell in the halls of Jove : but all his mortal parts 22 the
Trachinian pyre shall have. And he shall be called son-in-
law of the very immortals, who set on these skulking monsters
to destroy the babe. 23 In truth, that day shall come, when
the sharp-toothed wolf, having seen the kid in his lair, shall
not be willing to harm it. But, lady, let the fire be in readi-
ness, look you, under the ashes, and make ye ready dry logs

17 Of the blood of Perseus. She was daughter of Electryon, son of
Perseus.

18 Compare Idyll xi. 53, and Gray's Bard, "Dear as the light that
visits these sad eyes." Remembrance of lost blessings is keener than the
sense of possession. Chapman compares Milton, Paradise Lost, B. iii.
33—37.

19 Virg. Georg. i. 390, Nee nocturna quidem carpentes pensa puellae.
Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome,

And as she twirled the distaff

With solemn steps and slow,
She sung of great old houses,

And of fights fought long ago.

20 Compare Odyss. xxiv. 196—199. Ovid. Ep. ex Pont. IV. viii. 47.
11 OTTO ffripvktv TrXarvQ. See Idyll xvi. 49, di]\vg ano xpoiag.

22 The body of Hercules was burnt on a pyre at the top of OZta, a
mountain of Thessaly. Trachinian is the same as Thessalian, from
Trachis, a city of Thessaly, called after Hercules, Heraclea. Hence the
name of the tragedy of Sophocles, " Trachiniae." Comp. Spanheim's
note at Callim. H. to Dian. 159. Below at ya/j/3p6c $' aQavartav, the
plural is for the singular, Juno being the goddess indicated.

23 Theocritus may have read Isaiah xi. 6, " The wolf also shall dwell
with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid ; and the calf,
and the young lion, and the falling together ; and a little child shall
lead them." Cf. also Ixv. 25. Virg. Eel. iv. 22, Nee magnos metuent
armenta leones. Cf. Eel. v. 61. Lactantius, lib. vii. 24, quotes the
Erythraean Sibyl,

o-apKo/Sopos Tf. \iiav ffraytT' a^vpov trapa. tparvais

130 THEOCRITUS.

of 24 aspalathus, or paliurus, or of bramble ; or the brittle
wild-pear wood shaken by the wind : and at midnight,
when they wished to destroy thy child, burn these two
dragons upon the wild cleft-wood. 25 Then at morn let one of
the attendants, having gathered the ashes of the fire, carry
and throw it thoroughly every whit across the river, upon
the rugged rocks, over the boundary, and return home
without turning back : but first of all 26 purify the house
with clear sulphur, and next remember to sprinkle with a
green branch 27 plenty of pure water, mixed, as is usual, with
salt ; and to sacrifice to supreme Jove a boar pig, that ye
may ever be superior to your enemies.'

Teiresias spake, and withdrew with his ivory seat, though he
was bent with the weight of many years. And Hercules was
reared under his mother's care, like a 28 young plant in a
garden, being called the son of Argive Amphitryon. Letters
29 aged Linus, son of Apollo, a sleepless guardian, a hero,
taught the boy : and to bend the bow, and to be a good
shot with arrows, 30 Eurytus, rich in broad lands from his
forefathers. 31 Eumolpus, son of Philammon, made him a

24 Aspalathus.] Cf. Idyll iv. 57, Rose of Jerusalem. — Paliurus.] Virg.
Eel. v. 39, Spinis surgit paliurus acutis. All kinds of thorns were con-
sidered efficacious for dispelling evil agency. Ovid Fast. ii. 28, Februa
poscenti pinea virga data est. axtpdoe. Odyss. xiv. 10. Soph. O. C.
1596. A wild prickly shrub.

15 Eel. viii. 101, Fer cineres Amarylli foras; rivoque fluenti,

Transque caput jace, ne respexeris.

Cf. ^Esch. Choeph. 93, dcrp60oi<7iv ofifiaaLv, and Blomf. Glossary at that
passage.

26 For the use of sulphur in purifications, see Tibull. I. v. 11, Ipseque
te circum lustravi sulfure puro. Compare also Odyss. x. 527, &c.

27 tort/j/isvov might be translated " brimming." It seems to convey
the idea of excessive fulness. Compare tiriart<j>iac, II. i. 471 ; viii. 232.
Compare also Idyll ii. 2.

28 In a garden.] Cf. Horn. II. xviii. 57 ; Odyss. xiv. 175. In th«
Psalms, too, we have children compared to olive branches.

29 Linus. Virg. Eel. iv. 56,

Nee Linus ; huic mater quamvis, atque huic pater adsit,
Orphei Calliopea, Lino formosus Apollo.
Cf. Smith Diet. Gr. R. Biogr. p. 787, vol. ii.

so Eurytus (Odyss. viii. 224 ; II. ii. 730) was of ^chalia in Theasaly.
Cf. Smith Diet. G. R. B. ii. 113.

31 Eumolpus, son of Philammon. Philammon was the son of Phoebus
and Chione. Ov. Met. xi. 317, Carmine vocali clarus citharaque Phil-

108—131. IDYLL XXIV. 131

minstrel, and moulded both his hands upon a cithern of box-
wood. And in how many ways men of Argos, throwing their
adversaries from their legs with a cross-buttock, trip up each
other in wrestling, and in how many ways boxers are formi-
dable in the csestus, and what tricks adapted to their art men
ready for every kind of contest have invented, by falling for-
ward to the earth, all these he learned under the teaching of
32Harpalycus of Phanote, son of Mercury, whom not though
beholding him afar off, could any one withstand, as he con-
tended in the games. Such a scowl rested on his awe-in-
spiring visage. Moreover, with feelings of love, Amphitryon
himself was wont to teach his son to drive steeds in the
chariot, and turning safely 33 round the post, to guard the
box of the nave of the wheel, since full oft in equestrian
Argos he had carried off prizes in contests of speed ; and his
chariots on which he used to mount, 34 still unbroken, burst
their reins by reason of age. But to aim at his man with
outstretched spear, keeping his back under cover of his shield,
and to bear up against sword-wounds, and to marshal a pha-
lanx, and in making his attack to measure again and again
the ambuscades of the enemy, and to cheer on the cavalry,
Castor the horseman taught him, having come an exile from
Argos, what time 35Tydeus was holding the whole inheritance
and broad vineyard, having received equestrian Argos from
Adrastus. Among the demigods was no other warrior
like to Castor, before old age wore out his youthful vigour.

ammon. The Eumolpus who is said to have instructed Hercules in
music was son of Museeus, a pupil of Orpheus. Ov. Met. xi. 93,

Cui Thracius Orpheus
Orgia tradiderat cum Cecropio Eumolpo.
Cf. Smith Diet. G. R. B. ii. 92.

32 Harpalycus, the tutor of Hercules in wrestling, (109, 110,) boxing,
(111,) pancratiasm, (112,) was the son, it would seem, of Mercury, and a
native of Panope, or Phanote ; which, according to Strabo, (ix. 538,) is
synonymous, and is in the region of Lebadeia in Bceotia. Cf. Ovid Met.
iii. 19 ; Horn. Odyss. xi. 5807

33 irfpi vvaffav. Compare the advice of Nestor to Antilochus, (II. xxiii.
834 — 337,) to near the post as closely as possible, yet without grazing it.
Cf. Hor. Od. I. i. 4, Metaque fervidis Evitata rotis, &c.

31 So skilful had been the charioteering of Amphitryon, that though his
chariot's thongs, or reins, failed at last through age, no breakage had
ever damaged them.

35 JEneus, king of Calydon, after the death of A.thsea, married Perebiea,
K 2

132 THEOCRITUS. 132 — 139.

Thus indeed his loving mother 3Ghad Hercules brought up.
And a couch was made for the lad near his father, 37 a lion's
skin, a couch very agreeable to himself: and 38his dinner was
roast-meat and a huge Dorian loaf in a bread basket ; it would
be safe to satisfy a digger and delver. But 39 at the close of
day he was wont to take a little supper, uncooked ; and he
was clad in unembroidered garments 40 above the calf of the leg.

IDYLL XXV.

HERCULES THE LION-SLAYER, OR, THE WEALTH OF AUGEAS.

ARGUMENT.

In this fragmentary poem we find Hercules in the land of Elis, in the
neighbourhood of the famous stables of Augeas. Having arrived
thither, he is led to the king hy an old rustic. The king has retired
into the country to visit his herds. A description of a vast herd re-
turning from pasture is finely interwoven, (84 — 137,) and Hercules is
exhibited repelling with ease the assault of the finest bull of the herd,
a proof of valour which excites the admiration of the king and his
son. This son of Augeas, as 'they travel by the same road, begs Her-
cules to recount to him, by what means he slew the Nemean lion.
The hero, complying, narrates the whole exploit. Some have doubted
whether Theocritus wrote this poem. It is variously assigned by such,

daughter of Hipponous, by whom he had Tydeus. Tydeus> when grown
up, was banished, 'and fled to Adrastus, king of Argos, and marrying his
daughter Deipyle, begat Diomed.

36 TraidivoaTo, h. e. " educendum curavit."

17 The custom of sleeping on skins occurs Virg. JEn. vii. 87,

Csesarum ovium sub nocte silenti
Pellibus incubuit stratis, somnumque petivit.

3S For a notion of the appetite of -Hercules, see Eurip. Alcest. 750—
760; Aristoph.Ve.sp. GO.; Ran. 62 ; Av. 1690; Pax, 741. Dorian bread
was of the commoner and Jess fine kind.

39 iv dfiari,, post diem. In the same sense is STTI TIJ nXtvry TOV
jSiov, " at the close of life."

'* Virg. ;£n. i. 317, describes Harpalyce, a Thracian princess of manly
hardihood, as "nuda geuu."

1—20. IDYLL XX-V. 133

to Pisander, a contemporary of Tyrtaeus, to some unknown poet
earlier than the date of Theocritus, and to some Alexandrine Rhapso-
dist. Hermann deems it not unworthy of Theocritus. Old editions
have prefixed to this Idyll a poor attempt of some nameless gram-
marian to furnish a beginning.

And to him spake the old man, a husbandman l'm charge
of the tillage, having ceased from the work which lay on his
hands : ' Stranger, I will readily tell over to you all that you
ask, since I stand in awe of the dread vengeance of 2 Hermes
by the wayside. For they say, that, most of all the gods of
heaven, he is incensed, if so be that any one spurn a traveller
very anxious to know the way. The fleecy flocks indeed of
king Augeas 3feed not all on one pasture, or one spot ; but
some, I ween, pasture round about on the banks of 4 Elisus.
others beside the sacred stream of divine 5 Alpheus, others
again hard by eBuprasium teeming with grapes, and others
also here. Now separately, for each of these, folds have been
built. But for all the herds, overflowing though they are, still
there are here pastures ever rich, along the wide standing-
waters of 7 Menius ; 8 for dewy meads and water-pastures
luxuriate in fragant herbage in abundance, which in sooth
increases the strength of horned heifers. And here, to your
right hand, appears their stall, all of it quite on the other side
of the flowing river, in that quarter where the planes grow all

1 iiriovpog, Etym. M. 3G2, 29, 6 itytanjicujg <j>v\a% ; from bpw, tiriopog,
and by epenthesis, tTriovpog.

2 ivoSiog, said specially of Mercury, who had his statues in the cross-
ways. Valkn. Diatr. 138. In Aristoph. Plut. 1159, we find him call-
ed jjyt/uovtoc, the guide and protector of travellers, and these two epithets
are coupled together in his case by Arrian de Venat. c. 35, 'Ep^ou tvoSiov
Kai t'lyf/jLoviov.

3 poffKovTai \av fioffiv. Cf. Matth. Gr. Gr. § 421, obs. 3, p. 680.

4 Elisson, or Elissa, was a river of Elis, not far from Olympia. (Strabo.)

5 Alpheus, a river of Elis. Compare Idyll iv. 6.

6 Buprasium, a city of Elis, mentioned by Homer, II. ii. 615, where
the forces of the Epeans, who occupied the north of Elis, as it would
seem, are being enumerated. See also II. xi. 759, and II. xxiii. 631.
Augeas ruled over the Epeans. Cf. vs. 166.

7 yitjviov. Heyne suggests HTJVIOV, (as in Pindar AX0«oD for AXtptiov,)
which Kiessling approves. The Peneus was a river of Elis.

8 Nonnus. Dionys. b. 3, 15, iapivaig iyeXaafft \i\ovftivov avQot;
ttpaaie. tlafitvai, II. iv. 483, derived perhaps from ijjj.ni, low, flooded
meadows.

134 THEOCRITUS. 20 — 47.

the year long, and the green wild olive, a sacred holy-grove
of 9 pastoral Apollo, a most perfect god, stranger.

' And right forwards are built very spacious dwellings for us
husbandmen, who zealously guard for the king his great and
untold wealth, sometimes casting 10the seed into thrice-plough-
ed fallows, and in like manner into four times ploughed. Now
his boundaries the diggers and delvers know, who, hard-
working fellows, come to the wine vats, when the ripe summer
season shall have arrived. For in truth all this is the plain of
prudent Augeas, and these his wheat-bearing u acres and
wooded orchards, even to the extreme points of the moun-
tain ridge having-many-springs, which we ply with our
labour all day long, as is the law for servants, whose life is
a-field. But tell you also me, [which likewise will be better
for yourself,] 12 being in need of what have you come here ?
Either, I suppose, you seek Augeas, or one of his servants,
whom he has. Now I, look you, can fully tell you every par-
ticular, as I know them accurately ; 'for I think that you at
any rate come not of evil people, nor are yourself like unto
evil . men, such a noble figure is conspicuous about you :
surely, methinks, of such a stamp are the sons of immortals
among mortal men.' And him the valorous son of Jove
addressed in answer : ' Yes, old man, 1 would wish to see
Augeas, ruler of the Epeans, for it was even a want of this
which brought me here. But if now he is abiding in the city
among his citizens, engaged in caring for his people, and is
deciding questions of law, prythee, aged sir, bid you one of

9 Pastoral Apollo.] Compare Callim. H. in Apoll. 47,

QoipoV /Cat No/UlOV KlK\l'lCTKOfJ.fll, tgsTl Kt'iVOV,

iJ^OT iir Afi(f>pucria Jtuyt-rtoas t-rpt<piv i'-Tr-Trous.
Virg., Georg. iii. 2, calls Apollo, Pastor ab Amphryso.

The wild olive, aypieXaioj or Konvog, bore the leaves which composed
the crown of the victor at the Olympic games.

10 Virg. Georg. i. 47, 48,

Ilia seges demum votis respondet avari
Agricolte, bis quse solera, qua? frigora sensit.
Virg. Georg. i. 398, Namque omne quotannis

Terque quaterque solum scmdendum.

11 yvat, from yuqe, <J- Elmsl. Soph. O. C. 58. Eurip. Bacch. 13.
Heracl. 839. Vid. Valkenaer ad Phreniss. Eurip. vs. 648.

11 Compare Virg. JE,n. vii. 197,

Quae causa rates aut cujus egentes
Littus ad Ausonium tot per vada cserula vexitl

47—68. IDYLL XXV. 135

the servants to be my guide, whosoever is the most honour-
able 13 manager over these lands, to whom I might say some-
what, and from ivhom I might learn somewhat, when he speaks.
For God, in sooth, hath made one man in need of one, and
another of another.'

And him the old man, trusty husbandman as he was, an-
swered yet again : ' By the advice, stranger, of some one of the
gods you come hither. Since to you every business, which you
wish, quickly finds its accomplishment. For hither hath come
but 14 yesterday from town Augeas, dear son of the Sun,
with his child, the strong and noble Phyleus, to visit after
many days the property, which he has in countless extent in
the country. Thus, I suppose, even to princes their house
seems to be safer, to their mind, if they manage it themselves.
But let us go to him by all means ; and I will be your guide
to my stall, where we shall find the king.'

Thus having spoken, he began to lead the way ; but I5 in
mind he at least was pondering much, as he saw the lion's
skin, and the club, which filled his hand, whence the stranger
could be : and he was eager to question him. But again
through fear he was keeping within his lips his speech as it
rose, lest he should address to him, in his haste, any inoppor-
tune word : for 'tis hard to know another man's mind. And
as they approached, 16the dogs quickly noticed them from afar

13 alavpvfirrig, a manager, from alma v'ifitiv, to give each his due. Here
the person indicated seems to be the Latin " villicus." aicrvfi.vr)TT)g stands
for the elective prince of the Mitylenreans in Aristot. Politic. III. xiv. 8.
Of. Smith, D. G. and R. Antiq. pp. 32—36.

u x^'^C, elegantly for xQeg. Soil. A. 497.r;£pn; §' avifiri fieyav ovpa-
vbv. See below at vs. 223. Horat. Epod. xvi. 51, Nee vespertinus cir-
cumgemit ursus ovile.

— -From town.] Elis was not built in Homer's day, much less that of
Hercules. There is no doubt an anachronism, unless we suppose, with
Warton, that aarv here stands for the palace or seat of government.

15 Polwhele remarks, that the ancients never inquired the names of their
stranger guests, instancing the Phreacians of the Odyssey, and the Ger-
mans of Tacitus, De Mor. G. c. 21.

16 Compare Homer Odyss. xiv. 29, 30,

tjairivtjs 6' 'Oou<7?}a Iciov Kiu/ts uXaKO/uuipot

Ol fJLEV KE/cA.JjyOI'TES iTTi.dpafJ.OV

Comp. Odyss. xvi. 5. " Princes of old made much of dogs. Telemachus
is attended by two house dogs, Odyss. ii. Achilles has nine at his
board, II. xxiii. Two attend Evander, JEn. 8, and Syphax in Livy." —
Warton.

136 THEOCRITUS. 69—100.

off, in both ways, by their scent of flesh, and by the sound of
feet. And barking furiously they rushed from different sides
on Hercules, son of Amphitryon : but about the old man,
barking without need or cause, they kept fawning on the
other side. These indeed he for his part proceeded to frighten
into retreating, by stones, merely lifting them from the ground ;
and sharply with his voice did he threaten every one of them,
and check their barking, though he rejoiced in his heart
that they protected his stall, yes, when he was absent ; then
spake he such words as these : ' Strange ! what an animal
this is, that the gods our rulers have made to be with men :
how sagacious ! if it had but a mind, so far intelligent,
within, as to know with whom 'twere right to be angry, and
with whom not, then no other of brutes had vied with it for
the meed of honour. But, as it is, 'tis a very wrathful kind
of beast, and 17 savage to no purpose.'

He spoke ; and speedily they came in their progress to the
stall. The 18 Sun indeed at that time had turned his steeds
towards the west, bringing on eventide : and the fat sheep
arrived, coming up from pasture to their 19 folds and pens.
Next full myriads of heifers were seen, one after another, com-
ing, like rainy clouds, as many as in the heaven are being
driven forward, either by force of the south wind, or of
Thracian Boreas : of which there is no numbering, as they
move in air, no, nor cessation ; for so many does the violence
of the wind roll after the first, and the rest too rise and swell
upon others again : so many herds of heifers, 1 say, were
coming up ever and anon behind. Then in sooth all the plain
was filled, and all the ways, with the cattle coming in, while
the fertile fields were full of lowings, and the stalls easily
crowded with trailing-footed oxen ; the sheep too were fold-
ing themselves in the pens. 20Here, indeed, no man, though they

17 app»;^c, savage, (a collateral form of appqv, from pt}v, L. and S.,)
aypiov, SvoxiptQ- Hesych.

18 Compare Horn. Odyss. xvii. 170,

'.A\\' «T£ Of1; OEITTVJJO-TOS ti)v, Kui tTr>}\u6e fif)\a
TLuvToQtv i% dypOov.
Virg. Georg. iv. 433, Vesper ubi e pustu vitulos ad tecta reducit.

19 avXia, shelters for the smaller stock; (TTJKOVS, for the larger. Cf. 99,
18, 61, 76, 169, (for a!i\ia,} of this Idyll; for arjKol, see TS. 98.

Horn. II. iv. 433, WITT' otts iro\virdpj.ovos &vdpos, iv av\?i
Mufuat itrrriKO.au> n/ueXyojusi/ai yd\a XtvKov.

20 ' Though they were numberless,' is to be understood, says Kiessling,

100—127. IDYLL XXV. 137

were numberless, stood inactive by the oxen, in lack of work :
but one was fitting with well-cut thongs wooden logs about the
cows feet, for the purpose of standing close beside to milk
them. Another, again, was putting the dear calves to
their own mothers, all eager as they ivere to drink of the
pleasant milk : another was holding a milk-pail ; another was
21 thickening a rich cheese ; another was driving in the bulls,
apart from the cows. And Augeas was going over all the ox-
stalls, and noting what fruits of his possessions his herdsmen
were making for him. And with him his son as well as mighty
and wise Hercules were following, as the king went round his
large property. Hereupon the son of Amphitryon, though hav-
ing in his bosom a spirit unbroken 22and sternly fixed for ever,
yet was vastly astonished on seeing the countless tribe of oxen,
I ween. For no one would say, or 23 have supposed, that the
stock of one man, no, nor of ten others, ay, such as were rich
in flocks beyond all other men, was so great. Since Phoebus
had presented to his son this special gift, to be rich in cattle
above all men ; yes, and he kept altogether prospering for
him all his beasts to the uttermost ; 24for no disease, of
those which destroy the labours of herdsmen, assailed his
herds. But ever more in number, ever finer sprang up horned
heifers duly from year to year : for of a truth all were
25 mothers of live offspring, far beyond others, and all of fe-
male offspring. And together with these, three hundred bulls
were ranged in rows, white-legged and crumple-horned ; nay,

of the cattle. Harles refers the words to the men, and illustrates the
number of servants by Dido's Feast, Virg. .ZEn. i. 701.

21 The first meaning of rp«0<u is, to thicken, congeal, or curdle, hence
rpo0a\<f, Aristoph. Vesp. 338, fresh cheese. Odyss. ix. 246, Avriica
o' ijntav piv Opitl/as \ivKolo yaXaKTog. Cf. II. v. 902. Virg. Eel. i. 35
and 82, Pressi copia lactis. For the next line compare Virg. Georg. iii.
212, Aut intus clauses satura ad prasepia servant.

22 6v/jio(; dprjpwg. Odyss. x. 553, ovrt Qptalv -gaiv apijpoif. — tQvog, used
of bees, Iliad ii. 87 ; of birds, v. 459 ; of flies, v. 469.

23 iw\7rti, arbitratus fuisset. Compare Mosch. ii. 146, i(\Tro/^ai tlaopa-
acQat. Idyll iv. 55 — 80, to\ira. Spero is soused by the Latins. JEn. i.
543, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi. Eel. viii. 26, Quid
non speremus amantes. JEn. xi. 275.

24 vovffOQ — a'lTt. A rare construction. See Person's note at Eurip.
Orest. 910, avrovpyb^, oiVtp. Person ap. Monk Eurip. Hippol. IS.
Virg. JEn. viii. 427, Fulmen — quae plurima —

25 Genesis xxxi. 38, " These twenty years have I been with thee : thy
ewes and thy she-goats have not cast their young."

138 THEOCRITUS. 127—155.

there were other two hundred red ; and all such as were
even already full-grown. And other twelve again beside
these were feeding, 2G sacred to the Sun, and in colour they
were like swans, so white were they, and they were conspicu-
ous among all the trailing-footed oxen, which also were feeding
on the verdant herbage apart from the herd in the pasture ;
so exceedingly were they exulting over themselves.

And whensoever swift wild beasts chanced to sally forth
from the bushy thicket into the plain, for the sake of heifers
afield, these were they, I wot, that would rush first to the con-
flict, guided by their scent of the skin ; and bellow fearfully,
27 looking slaughter in their visages. And chief of them in-
deed both in strength, and in his natural force and high
courage, was huge Phaethon : whom in sooth herdsmen were
all 28wont to liken to a star, because as he moved he shone
out greatly among other oxen, and was very conspicuous. Now
he in fact, when he beheld the dry hide of a fierce-eyed lion,
upon this rushed against wary Hercules himself, so as to bring
against his sides his head and sturdy forehead. But, as he
approached, 29the hero quickly seized his left horn with his
broad hand, bent his neck, 30hard though it was, down to
the earth beneath ; and then thrust him back again, having
pressed heavily with his shoulder ; so the bull, having the
tendons of the muscles strained, stood right up on his haunches.
Then marvelled both the king himself, and Phyleus, his war-
like son, and the herdsmen over 3l crumple-horncd kine, as
they beheld the immense strength of the son of Amphitryon.
Then they two, Phyleus and strong Hercules, began to pro-
ceed to the city, having left there behind them the fruitful
fields. But as soon as they had set 32foot on the highway,

26 Sacred to the Sun.] Herodot., ix. 93, mentions a flock of sheep in
Ionia sacred to Phoebus. Cf. Horn. Odyss. xii. 123.

27 fyovov \ivaaovTi. Compare Idyll xiii. 45, and see Matt. Gr. Gr. §
409, 2, p. 653.

28 Horn. II. vi. 295, d0r»)p c' &Q a7r«\ajU7rev, sc. 7T£7rXoc. Kiessling.

29 ava$. Thus Homer calls all his heroes. In later poets the term is
applied to the sons or near kinsmen of sovereigns.

30 Hercules seizing the bull's left horn forces his head down to the
ground ; then pressing with his shoulder, he shoves him back. The bull
in vain strains every nerve against Hercules, but unable to repel him, is
at last forced right up on his haunches by the efforts of his antagonist.

31 So Archilochus (Fragm. viii. ) has [Save; KOQUJVOG.

s- The meaning seems to be, that as soon as they had got over the

156 — 175. IDYLL XXV. 139

having got over 33with active feet a narrow path which in
sooth extended through the vineyard from the ox-stalls, not
being in any way very distinguishable amid green foliage, here
then, I say, the dear son of Augeas addressed the offspring
of highest Jove, as he came on behind him, having slightly
bent his head over his right shoulder :

34 ' Stranger, I am just now pondering in my mind, that I
have certainly heard long ago some famous story about thee.
For there came hither on his way from Argos, one, 35 quite a
young man, an Achaean from 3GHelice by the sea-shore, who in
truth, look you, was also discoursing among many of the
Epeans, that one of the Argives in his presence had destroyed
a wild beast, a savage lion, a monster of evil to rustics, having
a hollow den 37 in the grove of Nemean Jupiter. I know not
accurately, whether he was from 38 sacred Argos, on the spot,
or an inhabitant of the city of Tiryns, or Mycenae. Thus he
at least used to say : but by birth he reported that the hero
was (that is, if I recollect rightly) 39of the lineage of Perseus.
I deem that none other of the 40 -ZEgialoeans, but you, has had

by-path, where Hercules and Phyleus could not walk abreast, and make
any way, being at last on the high road, Phyleus made room for Her-
cules beside him, in order that they might converse without difficulty.

33 Kapna\ip.oi£ -Koai. II. xvi. 342.

34 Read with Briggs, whom Kiessling approves,

Ifflj/E TTciXctL TLVU. Trdyxy fftOtv iripi fj.v6ov aKovcra?
tocreiTrsp, &C.

35 w£ veoe aKfirjv. o.Kfif]v, in later writers, stands for t rt. See Pierson,
Mtcris, 79. Only once so in Xenophon, Anab. iv. 3, 26.

30 Helice by the sea-shore.] Cf. Idyll i. 125, a city of Achaia, on the
Peloponnesian coast of the " Corinthiacus Sinus." Spauhem. ad Callim.
H. in Del. 100, who quotes Ovid Met. xv. 293,

Si quasras Helicen et Burim AchaYdas urbes,

Invenies sub aquis.

37 In the grove of Nemean Jupiter.] The Nemean games were held in
a grove in Argolis, between Cleonse and Phlius. Strabo viii. 6, p. 210
(Tauchnitz). It appears that Hercules either revived these ancient
games, or introduced the alterations by which they were henceforth
celebrated in honour of Jupiter. Of the Nemean lion, vid. Trachin.
Sophocl. 1092, 1093.

38 Argos was sacred to Juno. Iliad iv. 52. Ov. Met. vi. 414. Fast.
vi. 47. Virg. JEn. i. 24, Memor Saturnia belli

Prima quod ad Trojam pro caris gesserat Argis.
Her temple there was called Heroeum.

39 etc mpffijoc. The line ran thus, Perseus, Alcaeus, Amphitryo, Hercules.
Cf. Idyll xxiv. 72.

40 ^Egialacans, the inhabitants of the sea-coast of Achaia and Argolis,

140 THEOCRITUS. 175—199.

the courage to do this deed, and the wild beast's hide, which
envelopes your sides, very clearly bespeaks the work of your
hands. Come now, tell me first, (that I may know in my mind,
0 hero, whether I guess rightly or not,) if even you are that
hero, 41 of whom the Achasan from Helice told us, his hearers,
and I judge of you rightly. And tell me how you yourself
slew this dreadful wild beast, and how it came into the land
of well-watered Nemea, For such a monster you could not
find, though you desired to see it, in 42 Apis ; since it surely
rears none such, but only bears, and wild boars, 43 and the
destructive seed of wolves. Whereat they used to wonder
then, as they heard the story, and some too even thought that
the traveller was telling a falsehood, giving freely of a false
tongue to please present company.'

Thus having spoken, Phyleus 44 made way from the middle
of the road, that it might suffice for them to walk together
upon, and also, I ween, that he might more easily hear Her-
cules speak, who, having accompanied him, addressed him in
such a speech as follows.

' 0 son of Augeas, as to that which you asked me first, you
have yourself, and very easily, guessed aright. And concern-
ing this monster, I will tell you each particular, how it was
accomplished, since you desire to hear ; that is to say, except
whence it came ; for that, though there be many Argives, no
one can clearly state : only we conjecture that some one of the

before the lonians settled there. Eustathius says the whole Peloponnese
was so called.

41 ov itiirfv. Compare Sophoc. Electr. 984. Eurip. Med. 250,

\iyovai o ?j(iids, cos O.KIVOVVOV fiiov

^SlfjLEV.

De quo referebat.

42 Apis and ' ATTIC y»J — "The Peloponnese," especially "Argolis,"
(^Esch. Suppl. 262,) said to be so called from Apis, a mythical king of
Argos. Compare Horat. Od. I. xxii. 13,

Quale portentum neque militaris
Daunia in latis alit asculetis.

43 tpvoc, Lucret. iii. 741, Triste leonum seminium. Virg. Georg.
ii. 151, Saeva leonum semina. In II. xvii. 53, tpi'oc appears in its
proper sense, a ahoot or scion, used of plants ; here in its secondary mean-
ing, or second intention. Below, (vs. 188,) J. Wordsworth compares
^Esch. Choeph. 260. Prom. v. 294.

44 f gcpuEw, a rare word ; it occurs Horn. II. xxiii. 468, ai S' tfy
iirei /JLSVO^ t\\a(St Qvpov.

199—226. IDYLL XXV. 141

immortals, 45 angry on account of sacrifices, inflicted the pest
on the men descended from Phoroneus. For overwhelming,
like a river, all 46the men of Pisa, the lion kept ravaging them
furiously, and most of all the 47 Beinbinaeans, who were dwell-
ing near to him, being in most intolerable plight. Now this
conflict Eurystheus imposed on me to accomplish first of all,
for he desired that the savage beast might kill me. But I took
my supple bow, and hollow quiver filled with arrows, and
set forth : and in my other hand was my stout club, bark and
all, of the shady wild olive, of a good size : which I myself
having found under sacred Helicon, had pulled up whole with
its thick roots. But when I had come to the place where the
lion was, then it was that, having taken my bow, and applied
the string to the 48 hooked tip, I forthwith set upon it a bane-
ful arrow. And moving my eyes every where, I proceeded
to look out for the destructive monster, if haply I might spy
him, and that too before he had caught sight of me. 49 'Twas
mid-day, and no where was I able to discern tracks of him,
or to hear his roar. No, nor was there any man, set over
cattle, or engaged in tillage, to be seen throughout the arable
land, whom I could question : but pale fear was keeping each
in his dwelling. I had not however stayed my steps, recon-
noitring a woody mountain, ere I even beheld him, and
straightway began to make trial of prowess. In truth, he
was 50 going before evening to his den, having fed on flesh
and blood ; and he had got his squalid mane, and grim visage,
and chest, bespattered about with gore ; and was licking his

45 \pOiv p.T]vi(rai'Ta. Just as in Horn. II. i. 65, fir' ap' oy' tu\;&>X?/c
tirifjLkntyiTai, tiQ' tKaTOfifltjg. See also Iliad ix. 529. Soph. Aj. 176.
— Phoroneus was the son of Inachus, king of Argos, and the Phoroneans
are therefore identical with the ^Egialeans, vs. 174.

45 Men of Pisa,] a town of Elis, celebrated for the Olympic games.

47 Bembinseans,] the people of a village near to Nemea, mentioned
by Strabo, viii. 6, p. 210, Tauchnitz, referred to at 169.

48 jcopwv?;. rb dicpov TOV TO%OV, tig o r) vsvpci StSerai. Hesych. The
word occurs, Horn. II. iv. 111. Odyss. xxi. 138, 165, avrov 5' WKV f3£Aoc

49 Warton compares here Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1247. Four lines below,
compare Ovid. Met. viii. 298,

Diffugiunt populi : nee se, nisi maenibus urbis
Esse putant tutos.

50 irpoStitXos, before eventide. Compare 1. 56 of this Idyll and the
note there.

142 THEOCRITUS. 226—248.

jaws with his tongue. But I quickly Lid myself amid shady
bushes on a woody hill-top, awaiting when he might come
upon me: and I hit him, as he drew nearer, on his left flank,
&w£51tono purpose; for in no wise did the barbed missile
penetrate through his flesh, but glancing back fell on the green
herbage. Then speedily did he raise in astonishment his blood-
red head from the ground, and ran over it on all sides with
his eyes, making his observations, and, in yawning, 52 he gave
me a view of his gluttonous teeth. Now at him I proceeded to
shoot another arrow from the string, being vexed that before
it had escaped fruitlessly from my hand, and I hit him be-
tween the breasts, where the lung is seated. But not even so
did the painful arrow pierce beneath the hide, but fell before
his feet, absolutely to no purpose. Again the third time I
was preparing, though grievously disgusted in mind, to draw
my bow anew, when the furious beast caught sight of me,
53 as he glared around with his eyeballs : and 54he rolled his
great tail about the hollow of the knee, and quickly bethought
him of battle : his whole neck was swollen with rage, and
Ms tawny mane 55 bristled, as he chafed ; whilst his back-bone
became curved, like a bow, as he gathered himself up from
all sides towards his flanks and loins. And as, when a chariot-
maker, skilled in many works, 5G bends shoots of the easily

" rrjiJaiuc, the Homeric word for fjiaraiov. Vid. Odyss. iii. 316; xv. 13.
Hymn to Apoll. 540. (Either Ionic for ravaioQ, or avaios = fj.dra.iOG, or
from avw, atJrsw, noisy. L. and S.)

42 Compare here Homer II. xx. 165 — 168, 169,

\itov cos

SiVnjs, ov TE KOI dv&pti u.TroKTdfj.tva.1 fj.t fj.da.tr iv
*******##»

*PX£Tat> <*^V OTE KtV TIS 'AptjWoiOV OL^WV,

Sovpl {IdXy, EcfXtj TE \avwv, TTtpi T' etr/>pds odovTas
yiyvi-rai.

53 l&n.. ix. 793, where the lion is represented at bay, " asper, acerba
tuens." -rrag 5s 01 avxijr'. Compare Job xxxix. 19, " Hast thou given
the horse strength! hast thou clothed his neck with thunder 1 "

54 Compare II. xx. 168—173, above, and Hesiod, Sent. 426—432.
45 t(j>pi£ai>. So the Latins use " horrere." Horat. Epod. v. 27,

Horret capillis, ut marinus, asperis
Echinus, aut currens aper.

Mn. vi. 419, Horrere videns jam colla colubris. ^En. i. 635, Horrentia
centum Terga suum.
M Comp. Horn. II. xxi. 37,

oS ipivtov o£i'l yaXxtp

Ta/J.Vt, 1/tOUS O/JTTJJKaS, IV OOyUCTOS OVTUytS lltV.

249—272. IDYLL XXV. 143

cleft wild fig-tree, having first warmed them in the fire, to be
wheels for the chariot-seat on its axles, the thick-barked fig-
shoot is apt to fly from out his hands in the bending, and leaps
to a distance with one bound, so upon me sprang 57all-at-once
the fierce lion from afar, eager to glut himself on my flesh :
but I in one hand was holding before me my arrows, and my
double-folded cloak from my shoulders, while with the other,
having raised my dry club above his temple, I struck him ^
upon the head, but broke my sturdy olive club right in twain,
there upon the shaggy skull of the enormous beast. Ay, and
he fell, even before he reached me, from on high upon the
earth, and stood upon trembling feet, nodding with his head :
for dimness had come over both his eyes, the brain having
received a concussion within the skull from the violence.
Now when I observed him to be stunned by severe pain, ere
at least he had recovered himself and breathed afresh, being
beforehand I struck him on the nape of his sturdy neck, hav-
ing cast on the ground my bow and well-sewn quiver : and
I proceeded to throttle him vigorously, having set my strong
hands firmly together behind him, lest he should lacerate my
flesh with his claws ; 59and with my heels I kept strenuously
pressing to the ground his hinder feet, having mounted upon
him : while with his sides I kept protecting my thighs, until
I had strained his shoulders to the uttermost, having lifted
him upright, 60 breathless as he was : and Hades received a
monster soul.

And then, in fact, I began to deliberate how I should draw

The opTTT)% was more commonly used for the rails of the chariot, avrv-
ytQ. Cf. Diet. G. R. Ant. p. 55, b.

57 adpooc. Comp. Idyll xiii, 50.

58 t'tXaaa. Idyll xiv. 35.

49 Hercules as it were rides the lion ; so that his thighs are, as it were,
shielded by the sides of the lion.

60 avvtvaTOv. Cf. Ovid, Epist. ix. 61,

Nempe sub his animam pestis Nemeaea lacertis
Edidit : unde humerus tegmina laevus habet.

And Sophocl. Trachin. 1089, &c. The souls of beasts descended to
the shades, according to Homer and Virgil. "Virg. Mn. vi. 285, enu-
merates animals beheld by ^Eneas in the shades, Multaque praeterea
•variarum moiistra ferarum. Orion (Odyss. xi. 572,) is described hunting
in Orcus the shades of wild beasts which he had slain on the barren
mountains.

144 THEOCRITUS. 272—281.

the shaggy hide from off the limbs of the dead beast, 61a very
laborious task : for it was not able to be cut with steel, nor
with stones, though I tried, no, nor with wood. Thereupon
one of the immortals put it into my mind to devise, how to rip
up the skin of the lion with his own claws. With these I
speedily flayed him, and placed the skin around my limbs, that
it might be to me a defence against skin-wounding Enyalius.
Such, look you, friend, was the destruction of the Nemean
monster, after he had first brought many deaths upon sheep
and men.'

IDYLL XXVI.

THE BACCHANALS.

ARGUMENT.

This poem narrates the slaughter of Pentheus, king of Thehes. While
Agave his mother, with her sisters, Ino and Autonoe, is celebrating the
orgies of Bacchus, Pentheus is spied by the Bacchants, concealed
amongst some shrubs. Hereupon they make an attack upon the un-
fortunate offender, and, under the influence of Bacchic phrensy, seize
him and mangle him. At the close of the poem, our poet prays the
gods that it may be permitted him to live purely and safely, and adds
an encomium on Bacchus and Semele. The subject has been treated
by Euripides and by Lucius Accius, his translator. See also Ovid's
Metamorph. iii. 701 — 733.

INO and Autonoe, and 'apple-cheeked Agave, led three
2 companies, themselves being three, to a mountain. And they

61 apyaXfov — /i6%6W, accusative in apposition with the sentence. Cf.
Virg. J£n. vi. 222, Pars ingenti subiere feretro,

Triste ministerium.

Comp. Matth. Gr. Gr. § 432 — 434. — alSqptp. Harles argues from the use
of this metal, and not ^aX/coe, here, that the author of this Idyll disre-
gards the manners of the heroic age. But Kiessling shows that both
were in use, by the references, II. iv. 485 ; Odyss. i. 483, 484 ; ix. 391.
For V\T), (275,) Wordsworth suggests dXXjf, h. e. Nulla alia ratione.

1 Apple-cheeked.] Hesychius thinks juaXoTrapjjof is equivalent to
\fvK07raprjos, albis geris praedita ; but it is clear from Id. vii. 117, xxiii.
8, and xxix. 16, as well as the Scholiast on Horn. II. xxii. 68, that the
word equals piQop,a\t£, or aird\OTrapyoc;, generally rosy-cheeked.

- Virg. Eel. v. 30, Daphnis thyasos inducere Baccho. Cf. Eurip.

3—22. IDYLL XXVI. 145

indeed having plucked wild foliage of a 3 bushy oak, and green
ivy, and asphodel that grou-s over the ground, had reared 4in
an open meadow twelve altars, the three for Semele, the nine
for Bacchus : and, when they had taken in their hands 6from
the mystic chest curiously-wrought sacred images, had laid
them down silently upon the 6 newly plucked altars, as Bacchus
himself was wont to teach, as himself was well pleased it
should be. But Pentheus was beholding all from a high rock,
creeping under an ancient mastich tree, a shrub of the country.
Autonoe first spied him, and raised a fearful cry, and rushing
in suddenly, with her feet disturbed the orgies of frantic Bac-
chus: and these, 7 uninitiated persons behold not. Maddened
indeed both she, and maddened, I ween, straightway also others.
Pentheus was flying affrighted ; while they kept pursu-
ing, having drawn-up-tight their robes by the waist to the
knee. Now Pentheus spake thus, ' What want ye, women ?'
But Autonoe said this, ' Soon shalt thou know, ere thou hast
heard it.' His mother, on the one hand, roared out, as she
seized the head of her son, deeply 8as is the roar of a lioness
with cubs : and Ino on the other hand brake his great shoulder

Bacch. 679. Propert. iii. 17, 24, Pentheos in triplices funera grata greges.
— t p opcc,. The mountain was Cithseron, according to Euripides ; Par-
nassus, according to ^Eschyl. Eumen. 26.

3 A«ffiac, bushy. So Callim. H. ad Dian. 192, t'i £' uri fniv Xaaiytnr

VTTO dpval KpVTTTCTO KOVpt).

4 Ka9ap<{i, open. So Virg. JEn. xii. 771, Puro ut possent concurrere
campo.

5 Reiske understands this of the curiously wrought images of Bacchus
and Semele, drawn on this occasion from the cista or mystic chest or
vase, mentioned Catull. Nupt. Pel. et Thet. 260, 261,

Pars obseura cavis celebrabant orgia cistis,

Orgia, quaB frustra cupiunt audire profani.

For irnrovaniva, Wordsworth proposes to read •no-jravii 'fiara, baked flat
cakes used at sacrifices.

6 vtodpeTrriav, newly plucked. As these altars were composed of
boughs, poetic liberty uses the material of the altars for the altars
themselves.

7 /3e/3jj\oi, profani. Horat. Od. III. i. 1, Odi profanum vulgus. Callim.
H. to Apoll. 2, and Spanheim's note there. Ovid. Met. vii. 156, Et
monet arcanis oculos removere profanos.

8 Horat. Od. III. ii. 41, Quse velut nactae vitulos leaenee,

Singulos eheu lacerant.

Callim. H. to Ceres, 52, jjt Kvvayuv "Qptaiv iv T^iapioiffiv viroj3\firtt
dvSpa X'eaiva Q^oroieoc. Cf. Eurip. Bacch. 1137 ; Ovid Met. iii. 725.

146 THEOCRITUS. 22 — 38.

with the shoulder-blade, when she had trampled on his belly :
and the same was Autonoe's manner of acting : and the rest of
the women tore in pieces the remainder of his flesh, and arrived
at Thebes all of them stained with blood, bearing from the
mountain 9not Pentheus but irivQrj^a. I care not 10for it,
nor let another think of being hostile to Bacchus, not even
though one has suffered worse treatment than this, and is but
nine years old, or even entering on his tenth year. But may I
be pure and holy, and please the pure and holy. From JEgis-
bearing Jove this omen bath honour, namely, u 'To the sons
of the pious comes the better fortune, and to the impious
not so.'

Hail to Bacchus, whom on snowy 12 Dracanus supreme Ju-
piter deposited, having relieved his vast thigh : and hail to
beauteous Semele, and her Cadmeian sisters, objects of love
and care to many heroines, who at the instigation of Bacchus
performed this deed, undeserving of blame : let no one blame
the acts of the gods.

IDYLL XXVII.

THE 'FOND DISCOURSE OF DAPHNIS AND THE DAMSEL.

ARGUMENT.

In this truly pastoral Idyll, the herdsman Daphnis is represented as
striving to win a maiden, who is tending her goats. His efforts at

9 Not Pentheus, but 7rtvdr)p.a,] i. e. grief, a source of mourning. The
pun is untranslateable. For instances of it, see Eurip. Phoeniss. 598, 599.
Soph. Ajax 430. JEschylus calls Helen 'EXevavv. Shakspeare is fond of
these " concetti." He makes a strange prince say of Rome, This is
Rome, and room enough. He makes a pun on Hotspur's name, calling
him, when dead, Coldspur. Cf. Bacch. 367, JItv6ti>s 5' O

10 / care not for it.~\ The sense appears to be, ' This treatment of
Pentheus shakes not my reverence for Bacchus : whom I advise iione to
offend or quarrel with ; even though a harder case of punishment should
come under his notice, e. g. a child of nine or ten years punished by the
Bacchants, for chance privity to the orgies.'

11 Melaiicthon called this verse the best in Theocritus.

12 Dracanus, a promontory and city of Samos.

1 6ap«rrt>f. Juno, in Homer II. xiv. 216, receives from Aphrodite a

1—15. IDYLL XXVII. 147

wooing and the damsel's coyness are very graphically pictured. There
has been much dispute as to the authorship of this Idyll, which some
ascribe to Moschus ; others, to an imitator of Theocritus ; whilst
Warton, Eichstadt, and others, agree in determining that it is not the
work of Theocritus.

Daphnis. 2The prudent Helen Paris, another herdsman,
carried off: my Helen here is kissing me, the herdsman,
rather.

Damsel. Brag not, little satyr, 'tis said the kiss is an empty
favour.

Daph. 3 There is even in empty kisses sweet delight.

Dams. I wipe my mouth, and spit out your kiss.

Daph. Dost wipe thy lips ? Give me them again that I
may kiss.

Dams. 'Tis good for you to kiss heifers, not 4 an unwedded
girl.

Daph. Boast not : for soon youth passes by you, like a
dream.

Dams. The bunch of grapes is still a bunch of raisins, and
the withered rose will not perish wholly.

Daph. Come under the wild olives, that I may tell thee a
tale.

Dams. I don't choose: before now you have cajoled me by
sweet tales.

Daph. Come beneath the elms, that you may hear my pipe.

Dams. Satisfy your own taste: nothing sorry 5 pleases
me.

Daph. Fie, fie, regard, yes, even thou, maiden, the wrath
of the Paphian goddess.

Darns. Farewell to her of Paphos ! Only be Diana pro-
pitious !

cestus, or girdle. IvQ' tvi piv ^iXorjjg, tv £' i'/«poe, iv £' oapiariic-
Compare 11. xxii. 126.

2 Cf. Idyll xviii. 25, &c. Bion xv. 10. Horat. Od. I. xv., Pastor
cum traheret per freta navibus, &c. Homer always represents Helen as
right-minded, and sensible of her error. II. iii. 171 ; vi. 344.

3 This line occurs in Idyll iii. 20.

4 Comp. Horn. Odyss. vi. 106, irapQkvos tidprie. Two lines below
Wordsworth reads larai for tori.

5 oi£vov. So Virg. Eel. iii. 27, Stridenti miserum stipul& disperdere
carmen. Calpurn. Sic. iii. 59,

Torrida Mopsi

Vox, et carmen inops et acerbse stridor avense.
L 2

148 THEOCRITUS. 16—32.

Daph. Say not so ; lest she smite you, and you come into
an inextricable net.

Dams. Let her smite as she will ! On the other hand,
Diana aids me. Lay not your hand upon me. 6 If you do,
I will tear your lip too.

Daph. You do not escape Love, whom never did other
maiden escape.

Dams. I do escape him, yes, by Pan ! But you ever bear
the yoke.

Daph. I fear lest, in truth, he shall give thee to a worse
man.

Dams. Many were my wooers : but not one pleased my
taste.

Daph. I too, as one of many, come hither as your suitor !

Dams. And what can I do, kind sir ? Marriages are full
of trouble.

Daph. Nor care nor grief hath marriage, but dancing !

Dams. Well, but in sooth they say that women fear their
husbands.

Daph. Rather they always rule them ! Whom do women
fear ?

Dams. I fear to be in labour : Lucina's dart is painful.

Daph. But your queen is Diana, 7that helps in hard
labours.

Dams. But I fear to be a mother ; lest I should lose my
fair complexion.

Daph. Yet, if you shall have borne dear children, you will
see a new light in your sons.

Dams. And what 8 nuptial gift bring you me, worth marry-
ing for, if I should consent.

6 Horat. Epod. iii. 19, Manum puella suavio opponat tuo,

Extrema et in spondfi cubet.

Warton reads icat f lain \tl\oQ dp.v^tig ; Will you again assail my lips
with bites 1 Wordsworth, »c«i tly' In xeZXof, d/ii'i£ai. Ne mihi iiijicias
manum, et si insuper labium tuum (injeceris) mordicabo.

7 fjioyooTOKOQ, an epithet of Lucina, in Horn. II. xvi. 187, xix. 103.
Here of Diana. Horat. Carm. Sec. 15, 16,

Sive tu Lucina probas vocari

Seu Genitalis.
Cf. Odyss. iii. 22, 2.

8 iSvov, the bridegroom's present to the bride, in Homer frequently,
and in jEsch. Prom. Yinct. 560. Compare Idyll xxii. 147.

37 — 70. IDYLL XXVII. M9

Daph. You shall have all the herd ; all the groves, and pasture.

Dams. 9 Swear not to go away after wedding, deserting
me against my wish ?

Daph. I will not indeed, no, by Pan ; even though you
should wish 10 to drive me off.

Dams. Are you going to build me a nuptial chamber, and
build me a house and stalls ?

Daph. I am building thee chambers : and the flocks I tend
are beautiful.

Dams. And what, what story should I tell my aged father ?

Daph. He will approve your marriage, when he has heard
my name.

Dams. Say that name of thine : even a name often pleases.

Daph. I am Daphnis ; and my sire Lycidas, and my mother
Nomaea.

Dams. You come of gentle blood ! but I am no worse than
you.

Daph. Neither are you honourable in the highest degree ;
for your sire is Menalcas.

Dams. Show me your grove, where your stall stands.

Daph. Come hither and see how my tall cypresses bloom.

Dams. Feed ye, my she-goats : I shall go see the works of
the herdsman.

Daph. n Graze well, my bulls, whilst I show the maiden
the groves.

12 ************

Thus they indeed, delighting in young limbs, were whis-
pering one to the other. 13A stolen embrace was springing
up. And she indeed, when she had arisen, I wot, went for-
ward to tend her flocks, showing shame in her eyes ; but her
heart was warmed within : and he proceeded to his herds of
oxen, rejoiced at his marriage.

9 She fears what Simrctha found too true, Idyll ii. 40.

10 SiwKtiv, fugare.

11 KaXtt vkpiaQf. So Idyll iii., TO Ka\nv is used adverbially. "iva
" dum," de tempore. Horn. Odyss. vi. 27, " quo tempore." So OTTOV,
Xenoph. Cyr. III. iii. 6. Kiessling.

12 I hesitate not to leave untranslated these verses, following Pol-
whele's example. J. B. For a sufficiently close rendering, see Chap-
man's version.

13 <f>ii>picig tvva. Bion, xv. 6, \d9pia TlrjXeidao (fnXdfiara, XdOpiov
ivt'dv. Virg. _/5Cn. iv. 171, Nee jam furtivum Dido meditatur amorem.

IDYLL XXVIII.

THE DISTAFF.

ARGUMENT.

This sweet ditty was written to commend an ivory distaff, which the
poet, about to sail to Miletus, intended as a present for Theugenis, the
wife of Nicias the physician. Under the semblance of teaching the
distaff what sort of a mistress it is about to have, he cleverly and
gracefully praises a most honourable matron and her husband. The
Idyll is of the lyric class ; the metre Choriambic ; a favourite of Alcaeus,
and one which Horace imitates in the 18th Ode of the first book.

Nullam | Vare sacra | vltg prfus | sevens ar | borem.

0 DISTAFF, l practised in wool-spinning, gift of blue-
eyed Minerva, labour at thee is fitting to wives who are pru-
dent-housekeepers. Attend me confidently to the famous
city of 2Neleus, where is 3 the temple of Venus, green by reason
of the soft reed. For thither we ask of Jove a favourable
voyage, that 4I may be gratified by the sight of my friend
Nicias, and be loved by him in turn ; Nicias, a sacred scion
of the Graces of lovely voice ; and may present thee, that wast
wrought of much worked ivory, to the hands of the wife of
Nicias, as a gift. With her you will finish off much work for
men's robes, and many 5 gauze-like garments, such as women
wear. For twice in the same year will the mothers of lambs
yield their soft fleeces to be shorn in the pastures, even for
the sake of Theugenis of the beautiful ancle. So industrious

1 Idyll xv. 80, Trolal G<$> iirovaGav tpi9oi ; Pierson in Mccr. Atticist.
says that avv'tpiQog and 0i\spi0oc are used in much the same senses.
ffvvepidoc, Leonid. Epigr. cxxiii. 3.

2 N£I\£W. Neleus, son of Codrus, leaving Athens, went to Ionia, and
built or restored Miletus, ^Elian V. H. viii. 5. The ti in N«\£w must
be considered a peculiarity of Dialect. Wesseling defends it at Herodot.
ix. 97.

3 Athenams, b. 13, p. 372, ff/v iv Sa^ty 'AQpodiTtjv, rjv o'i fikv \v
/ca\d/ioic KaXovffiv. " Yon deep bed of whispering reeds."

4 Futures middle for passive. See Matt. Gr. Gr. § 496, 8.

5 vodnva = Thalassina, fine gauzy Milesian textures. See Ovid. Art.
A. iii. 177, Hie undas imitatus habet quoque nomen ab undis,

Crediderim nymphas hue ego veste tegi.
Virg. Georg. iii. 316, Quamvis Milesia magno

Vellera mutentur Tyrios incocta rubores.

14—25. IDYLL XXVIII. 151

is she, and loves all that 6 discreet women love. Now, I
should not wish to present thee, as thou art from our land, to
slack and idle houses. 7 For thy country is that which 8 Archias
from Ephyre founded of old, the richest part of the island,
Trinacria, a city of men in repute. Now indeed, keeping the
house of a man who has learnt many saving medicines to
ward off from men grievous diseases, you will dwell in lovely
Miletus, among lonians ; that among townsfolk Theugenis
may have a good distaff, and you may ever and anon put her
iu mind of a friend who loves the song. For looking at you, one
shall say this to another : ' Sure there is great grace with a
trifling gift : and all the gifts from friends are precious.'

IDYLL XXIX.

LOVES.

ARGUMENT.

In the Idyll, which is of the lyric character, our poet blames the in-
constancy and fickleness of a beautiful youth, and urges him to con-

6 Penelope, Helen, (Horn. Odyss. iv. 130,) Lucretia were all industri-
ous workers in wools. Polwhele here quotes Epitaph. Spon. Miscell.
Antiq. Erudit. p. 151,

HIC . SITA . EST . AMYMONE.
MARCI . OPTIMA . ET . FULCHEK
RIMA . LANIFICA . PIA . PUDICA.
FRUGI . CASTA . DOMISEDA.

St. Paul, Ep. to Tit. ii. 5, aw<ppovag, dyvag otKovpovf.

" t'iKinilir. According to Liddell and Scott, Lex., this is the same as
ciKidvoQ, weak, faint, &c. It is only found here, and as a various read-
ing, Hesiod, O. et D. 233. — t/3o\\6fiav, the earliest form of ifiovXofirjv.

8 Corinth, or Ephyre, was the mother country of Syracuse, which was
founded by Archias. See Idyll xv. 91, xvi. 83, and notes there. — fivtXov,
medullam, the marrow, i. e. the richest land. Callirn. H. to Del. 48,
fiaarbv TrapQtvirjg. Yirg. JEn. Hi.,

Quae vos a stirpe parentum
Prima tulit tellus, eadem vos ubere Iceto
Accipiet reduces.

Varro de R. R. I. vii. 10, Caesar — campos Roseae Italiac dixit esee
sumen.

152 THEOCRITUS. 1—26.

suit his good name by better faith in future. The metre is yEolic.
3; ^ — ~ .-x — ^ _ — ^- <_, — ^. See Hermann, Element. Doctr. Metr. p.
360, seq.

1 ' WINE,' dear youth, ' and truth,' is the saying ; and we
must be true as drunkards. And I indeed will tell what lies
in the depths of my heart. You choose not to love me with
your whole soul, I know it : 2for the half of life, which I
have, lives in thy beauteous form, and the rest has perished.
And whensoever you choose, I pass a day like the gods ; but
when you choose not, / am wholly in gloom. How is this
seemly, 3to consign him that loves thee to cares ? Nay, if
you would be persuaded at all by me, the younger by the
elder, then you yourself would be better circumstanced, and
commend me for it ; build one nest in one tree, where no
savage reptile shall reach. But now you occupy one branch
to-day, and another to-morrow ; and you seek one after
another. And suppose any one shall have seen and praised
4 your fair face, to him then you straightway become a friend of
more than three years' date ; whilst you place your first admirer
in the third rank. You seem to savour of arrogant men.
Nay, prefer, as long as you live, to have always one like your-
self. For if you thus do, you will be well-reported of by
the citizens ; and Love would not be troublesome to you, Love,
who easily subdues the minds of men, and hath wrought me
into softness from being iron-hearted. But be this as it may,
5 1 approach thee closely by thy tender lip.

6 Remember that last year thou wast younger, and that we

1 " In vino veritas," Erasmus. Cf. Horat. Od. I. xviii.

2 Horat. Od. II. xvii. 5,

Ah ! te mere si partem animse rapit
Maturior vis, quid moror altera ;
Nee carus aeque nee superstes
Integer 1

3 8iS&v, Doric for SiSovai, or didovv.

4 pWog, a face, Soph. Antig. 529. Cf. Idyll xxvi. 1.

5 TTfdfpxo/iai for /tfrtpxo/iai : so in line 37, TrkSa for fiera. ^Eschylus
has several such Doricisms or ^Eolicisms, see Prom. Vinct. 269, Choeph.
589, 590, &c.

6 Hermann ad Viger. p. 926, pronounces n'tfivaao to be the true
substitute for the hopelessly corrupt reading 6/j,vaa9r]v, which none can
render. Wordsworth suggests a much slighter alteration, dfivatrGfiv, the
jfiolic 1st aorist infinitive for ava\iv TjaOijvai, as fiiQvaQijv for fitOvaOfjvai
in Alcacus Mus. Grit. i. 425 ; Fragm. 3. He suggests likewise that
ore yijpaXsoi Trt'Ao/wg, depends not on 6fj.vaa9rjv, but airoirTvaai. i. e. Re-

26—40. IDYLL XXIX. 153

are old, before you spurn us, and wrinkled ; and to have youth
recalled is impossible ; for it hath wings on its shoulders, and
we are 7too slow to catch the flitting runaways. Considering
this, you must 8be more agreeable, and return my love, who
love you without guile, that so, when you get your mannish
chin, we may be to each other fast friends like Achilles. But
if you commit these words to the winds to bear away, and say
in your heart, 'Good fellow, why do you trouble me ? ' now let
me go for love of thee, even after the golden apples, and in
quest of Cerberus, guardian of the dead ; but then, not even
though you called me, would I come forth at the hall-doors,
having ceased from violent love.

IDYLL XXX.

THE DEATH OF ADONIS.

ARGUMENT.

When Venus, on the death of Adonis, had bidden a boar, the author of
the crime, be brought before her, the animal tries to excuse his sin,
by pleading, that he had been smitten by love of the beauteous
youth, and had therefore longed to kiss his limbs. Then lie surren-
ders himself to Venus, that she may inflict upon him the penalty due
to his guilt. The goddess, taking pity, orders him to go free. In con-
sequence of which, the boar thenceforth voluntarily attends Venus.

The argument, no less than metre, of this Idyll prove it Anacreontic :
but though Warton deems it the work of Anacreon, or an imitator,
it seems to have had a place among the Idylls of Theocritus, from the
very oldest edition. Person says of it, ad Aristoph. Lysistr. 1246, " Idyl-
Hum Theocriti falso inscriptum." The metre runsC 1C -C. - "• Herm.
Elem. Doctr. Metr. p. 475.

WHEN Cytherea beheld Adonis already dead, with locks
unkempt, and his cheek pale, she bade the Loves bring the

member that last year you were younger, before you spurn me, because
I am old and wrinkled. For a parallel on the whole passage. (26 — 30,)
see Horace's beautiful Ode to Ligurinus, lib. IV. x.

7 fiapBvTtpot. Cf. Idyll xv. 104.

8 iroTt/jitiiTepov, a metaphor from mellow and mild wines.

1 54 THEOCRITUS. 6—46.

wild boar before her. And they forthwith on wings, ] having
traversed all the wood, found out the 2 hateful boar, and bound
him once and again. And one, having tied him with a rope,
was dragging on his captive ; while another, driving him in
the rear, kept striking him with his arrows. Now the beast
was advancing timidly, for he was afraid of Cytherea. Then
Aphrodite said to him, ' Thou worst of all wild beasts, didst
thou wound this thigh ? Hast thou stricken 3 my lover ? '
But the beast answered thus, ' I swear to thee, Cytherea, by
thyself and thy lover, and these my bonds, and these my
hunters, I did not wish to wound thy beauteous lover ! but I
gazed on him 4as though / had been a statue, and not being
able to endure my warmth, I was mad to kiss the limb which
he had bare ; and then 5my tooth hurt him. Take these, O
Venus, and punish them, wrench out (for why do I carry
them beyond the due number ?) these passionate teeth. But
if these do not satisfy thee, then take these my lips also ; for
why did they dare to kiss ? '

But Venus pitied him, and bade the Loves to loose his bonds.
Thenceforth he was wont to attend her, and would not go to
the woods ; °and having approached the fire, kept burning
his loves.

1 For this transitive use of an intransitive verb, compare Virg. JEn.
Hi. 191, Vastumque cava trabe currimus aequor.

2 ffrvyvbv TOV vv dvtvpov, must mean " Found the boar sad," as J.
W. shows by reference to ^Esch. Agam. 625, &c. It cannot have the
same force as TOV arvyvbv vv avtvpov. Wordsworth suggests arvyvot,
i. e. " Sadly found out the boar."

3 6 avr/p, is " amator," just as " vir '* is used by Terence Andria III.
i. 2, Fidelem haud fermh mulieri invenias virum : and Hecyra, I. i. 2.

4 dyaXfia might be referred to Adonis as an accusative, or as a nomi-
native to the boar, which is much the most agreeable to the sense of the
passage.

5 KpavTijp, the wisdom teeth were so called. In Latin, " genuini."
They are those teeth which come last and complete the set, from Kpaivw.
Shakspeare, in his Venus and Adonis, makes the same excuse for the boar.

6 Bindemann, whom Kiessling approves, takes this passage to mean
that the boar, approaching the funeral pile of Adonis, thrust himself up-
on it, and so made an end of his love. Scaliger would read tK\aii, kept
lamenting his wretched love. May not the fire be that of Venus ever
present, and the boar's constant attendance the means of keeping up his
warmth of love 1 I see Chapman inclines to this idea, explaining it,
"He became one of Aphrodite's train, and his contemplation of the
charms of Beauty might burn out his recollection of beauty's paramour."

1—6. A FRAGMENT FROM THE BERENICE. 155

This fragment from the Berenice, as it is inscribed, is given by Athenfeus
vii. 284, A. Casaub., and mentioned by Eustathius ad Horn. Iliad
v., iipbv IxQiiv, p. 1067, 41. Berenice, called Otoc; in verse 3, is the
Queen of Egypt, wife of Ptolemy Lagidas, who was divinely honour-
ed by her son Ptolemy Philadelphus, (Idyll xv. 106—108, xvii. 34,
&c.,) and was supposed to vouchsafe most benignantly all the bless-
ings of plenty.

AND if a man asks good sport and wealth for himself,
1 whose subsistence is from the sea, and his nets are his
ploughs, then let him slay 2 at nightfall to this goddess a
sacred fish, which men call ' white,' for it is the sleekest of
all others ; and then he will set his nets, and draw them up
out of the sea full.

1 Compare Theocr. Idyll vii. 60, ttaaioi irep l£, a\bs aypa.

2 aKpowxof;. Reiske has confounded this with a.K()uvv\og , or d/cpciw^
— summis unguibus. The Scholiast rightly explains it tffTrtpivog , Nicand.
Theriac. 762. Compare Ajax, Sophocl. 283, and Lobeck's note on the
words d/cpaf VVKTOQ.

3 <j>iap6s is used, Theocr. xi. 21, of Galatea, q. v.

EPIGRAMS

THEOCRITUS THE SYBACUSAN.

THESE 'dewy roses and yon thick 2 creeping-thyme are
dedicated to the Heliconian Muses. And the dark-leaved
bays to thee, 0 Pythian Paean : for the 3 Delphic rock hath
given thee this for an ornament. And this 4 white he-goat
with the horns, browsing the extremity of a branch of the
turpentine tree, shall stain thy altar.

II.

5 DAPHNIS the fair-complexioned, that did modulate pastoral
hymns with beautiful pipe, dedicated to Pan these gifts; his
reed-pipe with stops, his shepherd's crook, his sharp dart, his
fawn's skin, and 6 the wallet, in which he once used to carry
apples.

1 Roses were sacred to the Muses, Anacreon, Ode 53. Sappho, Fragm.
2. Pohvhele.

2 f'prriAXof. Virg. Eel. ii. 11, Allia, serpyllumque, herbas contundit
olentes. Georg. iv. 31.

3 AfA0ie Trerpa. (See Soph. (Ed. Tyr. 463. Eurip. Androm. 998.)

4 6 /zaXof, white. Hesych. Others, (as if it were /j.a\\OQ,} shaggy.
We have translated dyXdiae as if transitive, with Brunck. Kiessling
renders it, " Delphica petra hoc decore nituit."

5 Daphnis, in this Epigram, dedicates to Pan his pipe, his crook, and
dart, in token of bidding adieu to music, hunting, and love.

6 An allusion to the custom of lovers, to carry apples to their mis-
tresses. Compare Idyll ii. 120 ; iii. 10 ; xi. 10. Kiessl. Compare also
Virg. Eel. iii. 70.

III. IV. EPIGRAMS. 157

III.

DAPHNIS, you sleep on leaf-strown ground, ! resting your
wearied body ; and the 2 poles are fresh fastened along the
mountains. But Pan is in chase of you, and 3Priapus, who
has saffron-berried ivy bound about his lovely head, advancing
to the interior of the cave with one bound. But do you
take flight, fly, having 4 shaken off the lethargy of sleep, that
is stealing over you.

IV.

5 WHEN you have turned down yon lane, goatherd, where
the oaks are, you will find G a fresh-carved image of fig-wood,
7 with three legs, with the bark on, and without handles, but
with creative phallus able to accomplish works of Venus :
and an enclosure duly sacred surrounds it, and an ever-run-
ing stream from the hollow rocks luxuriates on all sides in
laurels and myrtles, and fragrant cypress : where the grape-
begetting vine sheds itself around with its tendrils, and ver-

1 Compare Idyll i. 16, 17.

- ardXiKtc;, the poles on which hunters fastened their nets. Daphnis,
weary of hunting, had ceased from snaring wild beasts, when, lo ! he
falls himself into the snare of Pan and Priapus. The poet works upon
the ground of Pan's love for Daphnis.

3 See Tibull. I. iv. 1,

Sic umbrosa tibi contingant tecta, Priape,
Ne capiti soles, ne noceantve nives.
Catull. xix. 10,

Florido mihi ponitur picta vere corolla
Primitu', et tenera virens spica mollis arista.

4 virvov Kwfia, a lethargic sleep. For a like construction, see Virg.
Georg. i. 134, Frumenti herba. Eel. v. 26, Graminis herbam. Soph.
Trach. 20, a'e aywva p.d\r)^. It is difficult to decide between the vari-
ous readings suggested in place of Karaypo/itvov. "Wordsworth approves
of KaTfifioptvov, " pouring down," which is not unlikely to be right, as
in the MSS. ay and a are written with the same mark over them.

5 A shepherd describes a statue of Priapus, and the fair spot where
it stands dedicated to the god : and at the same time he vows an ample
sacrifice to him, if he will free him from love of Daphnis, with whom he
is smitten. Failing this, he would fain have his love relumed, and in
tins case he promises three victims to the god.

fi Horat. Serm. I. viii. 1, Olim truncus eram ficnlnus, inutile lignum.

7 Since Priapus is generally represented as standing on one foot, or a

stake rather, Jacobs proposes to read d

158 THEOCEITDS. V. VI.

nal blackbirds, with sweet-voiced songs, chaunt various-noted
melodies : yellow nightingales respond with their plaints,
warbling with their throats the sounds of music. Prythee,
take your seat there, and supplicate the graceful Priapus, that
I may discourage the loves of Daphnis : and say that I will
straightway sacrifice a fine he-goat : but if he shall have re-
fused, I am willing, after having succeeded in this, to pay
three victims. 1 For I will offer a heifer, a shaggy he-goat,
and a lamb which I am keeping in the stall : and may the
god hear propitiously.

ARE you willing, / a?k you by the Nymphs, to sing me
some sweet trifle on the 2 double flutes ? And I will take up
3 a harp, and begin to strike it somewhat : and the cowherd
Daphnis shall charm us at the same time, singing to the
breathing 4of a wax-bound pipe. Then standing near a leafy
oak, behind the cave, would we rob of sleep 5the goat-footed
Pan.

VI.

AH ! thou wretched Thyrsis, what boots it thee, if thou
waste with tears thy two eyes in lamentation ! The young
she-goat 6is gone, the pretty kid is gone to the shades ; for
a ruthless wolf crushed her with his talons. And 7the dogs

1 p££w. So Virgil Eel. iii. 77, Cum faciam vitula pro frugibus, ipse
venito. HaKirav. See Idyll i. 10.

2 " Sometimes one person played two flutes (aiiXot) at once. See
a painting from Pompeii, and Diet. Gr. and Rom. Antiq. v. tibia."
Liddell and Scott, Lexicon.

3 " A harp." Tra/criS', from TT^JW/JII. It appears to have been an
ancient kind of harp with twenty strings. Sophocl. Fragm. 227, uses
the word.

4 " KapodtTtp TTVfVfiari, i. e. dovaict icjjpOTrXatrr^ : fistula." Briggs.

5 Aiyi/3arai/, capripedem, a dubious reading is aiyi/36rnv, a goatherd.
Jacobs remarks, from a comparison of this passage with Idyll i. 15, that
shepherds and cowherds had less reverence for Pan than the goatherds,
whose tutelary god he was.

6 ol^trai is a ' vox solennis ' of the dead common in pastoral and
other poets.

7 Briggs observes, " It was late for the dogs to bark, when the kid
was devoured."

vii.— ix. EPIGRAMS. 159

then give tongue. What boots it, when, gone as she is, nor a
bone nor ash is left of her ?

VII.

UPON A STATUE OF AESCULAPIUS.1

THE son of Psean came even to Miletus, 2to dwell along
with a man that heals diseases, Nicias by name: 3who ever
day by day approaches him with sacrifices, and has had this
statue carved out of 4 fragrant cedar, having promised the
highest price to Eetion, because of his skilful hand ; and he
has thrown all his art into the work.

VIII.

THE EPITAPH OF ORTHON.

STRANGER, Orthon, a man of Syracuse, gives thee this
charge : Walk no where, in your cups, of a wintry night. For
such is the fate, which I have met : and 5 instead of my ample
father land, I lie having wrapped myself in foreign soil.

IX.

GOOD man, 6be careful of your life, nor be a voyager out

1 This is an Epigram on a statue of ^Esculapius by the hand of Eetion,
set up by Nicias the physician of Miletus, concerning whom see Idylls
xi., xiii., xxviii.

2 avfi^'ipo/iai is used elsewhere in this sense. Philoct. Sophocl. 1084,
aXX' £/ioi Kai 6vi}GKovn avvoiati.

3 ITT' a/uap ati, " Quotidie." So Soph. (Ed. Col. 682, KCIT' »j/iap alfi.
iKvtlrrOai for iKtreveiv frequently occurs, as here, in Sophocles.

4 Fragrant cedar,] often used for these purposes. See Virg. ^En.
vii. 177, where in the palace of Picus are to be seen,

Veterum effigies ex ordine avorum
Antiqua e cedro.

5 Warton remarks that the ancients held it a misfortune, if a man was
buried under only a little earth, yijj/ tTrieaaa<r9ai, to shroud oneself in,
or be buried in, earth. Pindar, Nem. ii. 21. Xenoph. Cyrop. vi., where
Panthea assures Abradates that she would prefer, with him, Koivy yTjr
tiritcraadai, [tciXXov fj %i)v fitr' atoxwofiivov aiG\vvon'tvr). For UVTI It

Xac, Wordsworth suggests avrl 0i\»jc, St.

The four last lines of this Epigram were introduced into the text

160 THEOCRITUS. X. XI.

of season : since life is not long to a man. Wretched Cleoni-
cus, you, on the other hand, were in haste to go as a merchant
from 'Ccelesyria to fruitful 2Thasos. Ay, a merchant, O
Cleonicus ; but crossing ocean just about the 3very setting of
the Pleiad, you went down along with the Pleiad.

UPON A STATUE OF THE MUSES.

To you, goddesses, Xenocles dedicated this marble statue,
in gratitude 4to Nine altogether: a musician, no one will say
otherwise, and enjoying repute on the score of this talent, he
is not forgetful of the Muses.

XI.

AN EPITAPH ON EUSTHENES THE PHYSIOGNOMIST.

THIS monument is of Eusthenes : he was the philosopher
5 who judged men by their features; being clever at learning
even the mind from the eye. Worthily have his friends
buried him, though a foreigner, in a foreign land: 6and to

by Grffivius, from a very ancient Palatine codex. To illustrate the Epi-
gram, see Hesiod, O. et D. 616.

1 KOI\I)(; 'S.vpitjz, Coelesyria, so called from its lying as it were in a
valley between Libanus and Antilibanus. It is here that the Orontes
(Pharphar) rose.

2 Thasos, an isle in the ^Egean Sea, very fertile. Dionys. 523, wyvyit]
Tt Qaaog, Armt'irtpoQ aKTrj.

3 Setting of the Pleiad.] Compare Callimach. (Ernesti) Epigr. xix.

<^£uyt 6a\aTTri

^VfJifiiirytiv ipifjxov, vau-riAt, SvofAtt/oov.

Where, however, Blomfield and others remark, that, according to Ptolemy
and Horace, there was danger in sailing in the season " Orientis hsedi."

4 fvvta Trdffatg, nine in all. This is a common signification of TTO.Q.
Mosch. i. 6, iv tlKotri Train [taOoig viv. Callim. in Dian. 105, TT'CVT taav
ai Traaa.1. A Latin poet, Gratius Faliscus, author of a poem on the
chase, has a parallel usage of' omnes."

Accessere tuo centum sub nomine Divse

Centum omnes nemorum, centum de fontibus omnes

Naiades.

5 What the ancients meant by <pv(jioyvM^nt)v appears in Aristot. Prior
Analyt. ii. 28.

6 xvpvoOsryg. We have translated the reading of D. Heinsius and

xii. xni. EPIGRAMS. 161

lyric poets he was wondrously dear. The philosopher in
death hath all it was fitting he should have ; even though he
was l powerless, I wot he found friends-to-care-for-him.

s
XII.

UPON A TRIPOD DEDICATED TO BACCHUS BY DEMOTELES.

DEMOTELES, 2the leader of the choir, who set up the
tripod, O Dionysus, and 3theethe sweetest of gods, was pretty-
4 well-in -merit among boys ; but in the choir of men he gained
victory, seeing both the beautiful and the becoming.

XIII.

UPON AN IMAGE OF THE HEAVENLY APHRODITE.

5 OUR Venus w not the vulgar : propitiate the goddess by
having called her ' heavenly,' the offering of chaste Chryso-
gona in the house of Amphicles, with whom she had both
children and life in common ; and ever it was better to them
6 from year to year, 7as they began with thee, O divine lady ;
for if they care for the immortals, mortals find advantage in it
themselves.

Toup. But the majority of editors consider the passage corrupt. Three
MSS. read ai>rj;e, and for Saifioriug $i\og rjv AAIMQN Q2, against sense
and metre, Wordsworth proposes a very desirable emendation grounded
upon this, i. e. QiAIMON, i. q. aoidipov, oJc $t'Xoc jjc. If we accept this,
the meaning of the passage will be, they buried him, a stranger, in a
foreign land ; and as one worthy to be sung of by its (£BVJJC) minstrels,
how dear he was to them.

1 For aKiicvg, Heinsius reads aoiicoc — Kr)3ep.6vctQ. The poet says that
Eusthenes had neither wife, children, nor relations, yet his worth and
genius found him friends to mourn and bury him.

3 6 x°P»?yoe> n°t the provider of the chorus, whose office every reader
of the Greek theatre, and of the Midias of Demosthenes, knows ; but
the choir-leader, as is seen by verses 3 and 4.

3 fff, that is, thy statue.

4 /u'rptoe nv> " modicam laudem adeptus est." — vop<iJ — 'AvSpwv. See
Idyll xvii. 112.

5 Plato, in his Symposium, says there were two Venuses ; one, the
daughter of Ccelus, who is called Ovpavia, Urania : the other, the
daughter of Jupiter and Dione, who is known as TldvSrjfiog, or popular.

8 tig sroc. Understand f£ treoQ. Comp. Idyll xviii. 15.
7 EK akQtv dp^ojusvoic.. "A teomnia auspicantes inde felicitatis fructum
retulerunt." Briggs.

162 THEOCRITUS. XIV.— XVII.

XIV.

AN EPITAPH OF EURYMEDON.

You left an infant son ; and yourself too in life's prime,
Eurymedon, found a tomb here, in death. For you indeed
there is *a seat amid godlike men ; but him citizens will
honour, remembering his sire as worthy.

XV.

UPON THE SAME.

TRAVELLER, I shall know, whether you pay any more
honour to the good, than the bad, or if even the coward gets
likewise an equal share from you. You will say 2 Hail to this
tomb, for it lies light upon the sacred head of Eurymedon.

XVI.

UPON A STATUE OF ANACREON.

STRANGER, regard this statue 3 carefully, and say, when
you have returned home, 4<In Teos, I saw a likeness of
Anacreon, 5 pre-eminent, if ever man was, among bards of
old.' And by having added also, that he delighted in the
young, you will truthfully describe the whole man.

XVII.

UPON EPICIIARMUS.

BOTH the inscription is Doric, and the man, he who in-

1 k'flpa, "static." Compare Callim. H. in Del. 233, and Spanheim
and Ernesti thereupon. Ktivrj £' ovdiirorf ff^trepjjc iiriXriQtrai tl(njs.

2 %aip«ru>, i. e. if you are favourable to the good, you will say, " Hail
to this tomb," &c.

3 ffTTOvcy, attento ammo. Briggs.

4 Teos, a city near Colophon, the birth-place of Anacreon and Erinna.
Horat. Epod. xiv. 10, Anacreonta Teium. Od. I. xvii. 18, Et fide
Teia Dices, &c.

5 r£tv 7rp6<70' ti TI irtpiffffov. Understand ovroq Trtpiffffov. Compare
Idyll vii. 4, and notes there. Apollon. Rhod. iii. 347, HavaxaiiSoc tl

Tl (jliplGTOV t'ipWOJV.

XVIII. EPIGRAMS. 163

vented comedy, l Epicharmus. O Bacchus, to thee 2 the Pelo-
rians, who are settled in the city of Syracuse, set him up here
in brass instead of in his true nature, inasmuch as they are
mindful to pay the price of his labours to a fellow citizen,
3 for he had abundance of wealth ; for many saws useful for
life and conduct taught he to their children. Great gratitude
is due to him.

XVIII.

THE EPITAPH OF CLEITA, NURSE OP MEDEIUS.

THE little Medeius raised this monument by the way-side
to his 4 Thracian nurse, and inscribed it ' Of Cleita.' The
woman will enjoy his thanks in requital for her having reared
the boy. Why not ? 5 She has yet another name, Useful.

1 Epicharmus, though born at Cos, was carried, when three months
old, to Megara, about B. c. 540. From about B. c. 484 to his life's end
he dwelt at Syracuse. He was the great comic poet of the Dorians.

2 Iviipwrcu IIsXfcjpeTf rq. TroXft. Reiske asks with reason what had
the Pelorians, dwellers about the promontory of Pelorum, to do with
Syracuse. Tyrwhitt and Jacobs read for IIsXwpuc rp — TriSbipiarq iroXit,
excelsa urbe — but Syracuse is low. Wordsworth proposes to read
viSoiKiaral, coloni, inquilini, Doric for fiiroiKiarai, just as we have
irtSa for jutra in Idyll xxix. 25 — 38, and very frequently in ^Eschylus
TrtSaopog, irtSapffiog, &c. (See Blomf. in Gloss. Prom. v. 277, 735,
952.) The Syracusans, it will be remembered, were a Corinthian colony,
and iviSpvvrai is properly used of colonists. This suggestion, therefore,
is especially to the purpose. In his addenda, Wordsworth prefers TTI-
doimoTif to agree with TrdXtt.

3 A curious reason for honouring him. To clear the Syracusans of
such a charge, some editors have read prjfiarwv, for xpjj/iarow, but " a
heap of words " is no stronger ground for a statue of him at the peo-
ple's expense than a heap of gold. Wordsworth has probably come very
near the truth, when he suggests,

Siapov iraptiyi, )(p?j fitv 5>u ptjBMtftlvovf

TE\tlv i-Tri^tipa.

Donum nohis dedit, (see 9, 10,) oportet igitur nos ejus bene memores
eum remunerari.

4 Thracian nurses seem to have been in esteem. See Idyll ii. 70.
Callimachus has an Epigram somewhat similar to this.

5 *r' XPnvipn icaXtirai — If we read the words as they stand, the
Epitaph turns on the nurse's name, Cleita, (famous,) and her sur-
name, given for her useful qualities, xpijffijUJj. But some MSS. read
rfXftT^ for icaXarai, and Wordsworth suggests that the passage should
be read ri par; tn xpnaip ov TiXtvrqi. Quidni ita faceretl Nam ipsa

M 2

164 THEOCRITUS. XIX.— XXI.

XIX.

UPON ARCHILOCHUS.

STAND and behold the ancient poet, l Archilochus, him of
the Iambics, whose 2 infinite renown has reached both to the
west and to the east. Of a truth, I ween, the Muses and
Delian Apollo were wont to love him : so melodious was he,
and skilful both in making Iambics and singing to his lyre.

XX.

UPON A STATUE OP PISANDER, WHO COMPOSED " THE
LABOURS OF HERCULES."

FOR you this man, 3 Pisander from Camirus, first of the
former poets, wrote the exploits of Jove's son, the lion-subduer,
the quick-of-hand ; and declared how many labours he had ac-
complished. And this very man, that you may duly know
it, the people set up here, having made him of brass, 4 many
months and years afterwards.

XXI.

UPON HIPPONAX, THE POET.

HERE lies 5Hipponax the poet. If thou art worthless,

quidem periit, sed ejus officia adhuc utilia, (her rearing of the boy,) non
perierunt. Though the nurse is dead, her care of him keeps her memory
alive. Wordsworth suggests also xpTjoi/i" oinc oXtlrai — Utilia non
peribunt.

1 Archilochus of Paros, one of the first Ionian lyric poets, and the
first Greek poet who composed Iambics on fixed rules. He flourish-
ed 714 — 670 B. c. The biting character of his Iambics is marked by
Horace A. P. 79, Archilochum proprio rabies armavit lambo.

2 fivpiov. Infinite. So in Idyll viii. 50, w /3d0oc v\ag Mvpiov.

3 Pisander, a poet of Camirus in Rhodes, who flourished about B. c.
648 — 605, was author of a poem, in two books, on " The Labours of
Hercules." Vid. Miiller's History of Greek Lit. ix. $ 3.

4 Theocritus publishes the fact, that the inhabitants of Camirus neg-
lected the memory of their bard until long after his death.

5 Hipponax of Ephesus was the third Iambic poet of Greece, after
Archilochus and Simonides. His date B. c. 546. Horace, Epod. vi. 14,
"Aut acer hostis Bupalo," alluding to the savage Iambics which he
launched at Bupalus and Anthermus, brothers and statuaries of Ephesus,
who had made his image ridiculous. They were driven by his satires
to hang themselves.

XXII.— XXIV. EPIGRAMS. 165

come not nigh his tomb ; but if thou art both l good, and
come of good stock, sit down boldly, and sleep, if thou wilt.

XXII.

AN EPIGRAM OF THEOCRITUS UPON HIS OWN BOOK.

2 THE Chian Theocritus is another ; but I, Theocritus who
wrote these Idylls, am a Syracusan, one of the commonalty,
3 son to Praxagoras and well-known Philina, and I have
never 4 claimed to myself another's muse. /

XXIII.

THIS bank allows the same to strangers as to citizens.
Deposit your money, and take it up again, 5a calculation
being duly made. Let some one else make excuses ; but
GCaicus tells back the monies of others, even by night if
they wish it.

XXIV.

7 THE inscription will declare what is the tomb, and who
under it : I am the rave of her that was called Glauce.

vog. Vid. xx. 19, and Horn. II. i. 106.

• The Chian namesake of our poet was an orator and sophist, and
perhaps historian of the time of Alexander the Great. This Epigram is
probably the work of some grammarian who wished to mark the differ-
ence between the two persons. See Smith's Diet. Gr. Rom. Biog.
vol. iii. pp. 1031, 1032.

3 Some have supposed, from Theocritus seeming to represent himself
under the character of Simichidas, or son of Simichus, Idyll vii. 21,
that he was son of Simichus : but it seems better to consider that he
used that name as an assumed one, just as Virgil does Tityrus. And
indeed this Epigram seems to establish his parentage.

* " Alienee laudis appetens nuriquam fui." Briggs. " I never flirted
with another's muse." Chapman.

5 ^/tjipov. The ancients used pebbles and counters in casting up ac-
counts. J//JJ00U TrpoQ Xoyov tpxo^!v»je, is in Latin " rationibus rectu
subductis."

6 Caicus is of course the manager of the bank, which never fears a
run upon.it.

7 This Epigram (Anthol. Pal. vii. 262,) is printed among those of
Theocritus only in Wordsworth's edition. He is led to print it there
by the reasons given for ascribing it to Theocritus in the Anthologia
Palat.

THE IDYLLS

BION THE SMYRN^AN.

IDYLL I.

THE EPITAPH OP ADONIS.

I WAIL for Adonis ; beauteous Adonis is dead. ' Dead is
beauteous Adonis ;' the Loves join in the wail. Sleep no
more, Venus, in purple vestments ; rise, wretched goddess, in
thy robes of woe, l and beat thy bosom, and say to all, ' Beau-
teous Adonis hath perished.' I wail for Adonis : the Loves
join in the wail. Low lies beauteous Adonis on the moun-
tains, having his white thigh smitten by a tusk, a white tusk,
and he inflicts pain on Venus, as he breathes out his life
faintly ; but adown his white skin trickles the black blood ;
and his eyes are glazed neath the lids, and the rose flies from
his lip ; and round about it dies also the kiss, which Venus will
never relinquish. To Venus, indeed, his kiss, even though
he lives not, is pleasant, yet Adonis knew not that she kiss-
ed him as he died.

I wail for Adonis : the Loves wail in concert. A cruel,
cruel wound hath Adonis in his thigh, 2 but a greater wound
doth Cytherea bear at her heart. Around that youth 3 indeed

1 And beat thy bosom.] See Ovid Met. x. 720,

Utque sethere vidit ab alto

Exanimem, inque suo jactantem sanguine corpus
Desiluit, pariterque sinus, pariterque capillos
Rupit et indignis percussit pectora palmis.

2 tyipci TTOTiKapSiov tXicof. Ov. Met. v. 426,

Inconsolabile vulnus Mente gerit tacita.

3 Faithful hounds whined.] Senec. Hippolyt. 1108,

Meestoeque domini membra vestigant canes.
Ossian, " His dogs are howling in their place."

18—45. IDTLL I. 167

faithful hounds whined, and Oread Nymphs weep ; but
Aphrodite, having let fall her braided hair, wanders up and
down the glades, sad, unkempt, 4 unsandaled, and the brambles
tear her as she goes, and 5 cull her sacred blood : then wailing
piercingly she is borne through long valleys, crying for her
6 Assyrian spouse, and calling on her youth. But around
him dark blood was gushing up about his navel, and his
breasts were empurpled from his thighs, and to Adonis the
parts beneath his breasts, white before, became now deep-red.
Alas, alas for Cytherea, the Loves join in the wail. She
hath lost her beauteous spouse, she hath lost with him her
divine beauty. Fair beauty had Venus, when Adonis was
living ; but with Adonis perished the fair form of Venus,
alas, alas ! All mountains, and the oaks say, ' Alas for
Adonis.' 7 And rivers sorrow for the woes of Aphrodite, and
springs on the mountains weep for her Adonis, and 8 flowers
redden from grief ; whilst Cytherea sings mournfully along
all 9 woody-mountain-passes, and along cities. Alas, alas for
Cytherea, beauteous Adonis hath perished. And Echo cried
in response, ' Beauteous Adonis hath perished.' 10Who would
not have lamented the dire love of Venus ? alas ! alas ! When
she saw, when she perceived the Avound of Adonis, which
none might stay, when she saw gory blood about his wan
thigh, unfolding wide her arms, she sadly cried, ' Stay, ill-
fated Adonis, Adonis, stay : that I may find thee for the last
time, that I may enfold thee around, and mingle kisses with
kisses. Rouse thee a little, Adonis, and again this last time

4 aaav£a\o£, unsandaled, betokening haste or severe distress. See
Theocr. Id. xxiv. 36.

5 Cull her sacred blood.] See for the same bold metaphor, ,<Esch. S. c.
Theb. 718, a\\' avrdliXfyov difia fpevpaerSai QeXtic;. Yirgil JEn. xi. 804,

Hasta sub exsertam donee perlata papillam
Hsesit, virgineumque alte bibit acta cruorem.

6 Assyrian spouse.] Adonis was son of Cinyras and Myrrha. Cinyras
is variously called king of Cyprus, Arabia, and Assyria.

" Rivers sorrow.] Compare Mosch. iii. 2 and 28.

8 And flowers redden.] Cf. Theocr. xx. 16, sat X9"a <j>oivixQr]v
VTTO TuXytog, we poSov tptrg. Briggs reads for irrokiv, vaVo£ from the
Aldine Edit.

s Ki'i]/ji6^ is used in Homer II. for the woody passes of Ida. irovf,
the base of the mountain. KVTJ/JOC, from KVIJILI], (the leg between ancle
and knee,) the part just above the base.

10 Milton's Lycidas. Who would not sing for Lycidas, &c.

168 BION. 45—63.

kiss me : kiss me just so far as there is life in thy kiss, "till
from thy heart thy spirit shall have ebbed into my lips and
soul, and I shall have drained thy sweet love-potion, and
12 have drunk out thy love : and I will treasure this kiss, even
as if it were Adonis himself, since thou, ill-fated one, dost flee
from me. Thou flyest afar, 0 Adonis, 13 and comest unto
Acheron, and its gloomy and cruel king ; but wretched I
live, and 14am a goddess, and cannot follow thee. Take,
Proserpine, my spouse : for thou art thyself far more power-
ful than I, 15and the whole of what is beautiful falls to thy
share ; yet I am all-hapless, and feel insatiate grief, and
mourn for Adonis, since to my sorrow he is dead, and I am
afraid of thee. Art thou dying, O thrice-regretted ? 16 Then
my longing is fled as a dream ; and widowed is Cytherea,
and idle are the Loves along my halls : and with thee has my
charmed-girdle been undone ; nay, why, rash one, didst thou
hunt ? Beauteous as thou wert, wast thou mad enough to
contend with wild beasts ? ' Thus lamented Venus ; the
Loves join in the wail. Alas, alas for Cytherea, beauteous

11 The last kiss was wont to be given to the dearest one, when " in
articulo mortis ;" and it was a fancy of old, that the survivor drew in,
with the last breath of the dying, their passing life. Virg. JEn. iv. 684,
Extremus si quis super halitus errat, Ore legam. Seneca, Here. Oct.
1339, Spiritus fugiens meo Legatur ore. Cicero, Ut extremum filiorum
spiritum ore excipere liceret.

12 tK Si iriw rbv tpitira. Tirg. JEn. iv. 749,

Necnon et vario noctem sermone trahebat
Infelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem.

13 Acheron, and its gloomy and cruel king.] Virgil Georg. iv. 469,
470, Manesque adiit, regemque tremendum,

Nesciaque humanis precibus mansuescere corda.

Job xviii. 14, " His confidence shall be rooted out of his tabernacle ; and
it shall bring him to the king of terrors."

14 And am a goddess.] Compare Spenser's Fairy Queen,

O what awails it of immortal seed

To been ybred, and never born to die ;
For better I it deem to die with speed,

Than waste with woe and wailful miserie.

15 rb Si TTO.V KaXov. Catull. iii. 13,

At vobis male sit, malae tenebrse
Orci, quffi omnia bella devoratis
Tarn helium mihi passerem abstulistis.

16 w£ ovap t-KTt\. Compare Job xx. 8, " He shall flee away as a
dream, and shall not be found ; yea, he shall be chased away as a vision
of the night."

64—82. IDYLL I. 169

Adonis has perished. The Paphian goddess sheds as many
tears as Adonis pours forth blood : and these all, on the ground,
become flowers : n the blood begets a rose, and the tears the
anemone. I wail for Adonis : beauteous Adonis hath perish-
ed. Lament no more, Venus, thy wooer in the glades : there
is a goodly couch, there is a bed of leaves ready for Adonis ;
this bed of thine, Cytherea, dead Adonis occupies ; and
though a corpse, he is beautiful, a beautiful corpse, as it were
sleeping.

Lay him down on the 18 soft vestments in which he was
wont to pass the night : in which with thee along the night he
would take his holy sleep, on a couch all-of-gold ; yearn thou
for Adonis, sad-visaged though he be now: and lay him

19 amid chaplets and flowers ; all with him, since he is dead,

20 ay, all flowers have become withered : but sprinkle him
with myrtles, sprinkle him with unguents, with perfumes :
perish all perfumes, thy perfume, Adonis, hath perished.
Delicate Adonis reclines in purple vestments ; and about him
weeping Loves set up the wail, 21 having their locks shorn for
Adonis : — and one was trampling on his arrows, another on
his bow, and 22 another was breaking his well-feathered

17 The blood begets a rose, &c.] Cf. Ovid Met. x. 731—737.

18 Soft vestments.] Indicative of rank and luxury. Compare St.
Luke vii. 25, " Behold, they which are gorgeously apparelled, and live
delicately, are in king's courts." In the next line rbv \tpbv VTTVOV
epoxQit, " divinum ilium soporem tecum elaborabat," certaminibus ni-
mirum amatoriis. Briggs.

16 j8a\\6 S' ivl ffTf<j>dvot<Ti, &c. See Milton's Comus at the end,
Beds of hyacinths and roses,
"Where young Adonis oft reposes,
Waxing well of his deep wound,
In slumber soft ; and on the ground
Sadly sits th' Assyrian queen.

20 I must here refer the reader to the beautiful lines from Ben Jon-
son's "Sad Shepherd," quoted by Chapman in his translation of this
passage.

21 Kfipajutvoi xairctQ ITT' 'AdtiiviSi. For this ancient custom, see
Homer, II. xxiii. 135 ; Odyss. iv. 197 ; Sappho, Epigr. 2. Ovid and
Statius have illustrations of the same practice. In sacred Scripture,
Ezechiel says, in a description of a great lament, " They shall make
themselves utterly bald for thee," xxvii. 31.

22 Ovid imitates this passage in his death of Tibullus, Amor. iii. 9, 7,

Ecce puer Veneris fert eversamque pharetram,
Et fractos arcus, et sine luce facem.

170 BIOKT. 82—98.

quiver ; and one has loosed the sandal of Adonis, while an-
other is carrying water in golden ewers, and a third is bathing
his thighs ; and another behind him is fanning Adonis with
his wings.

The Loves join in the wail for Cytherea herself: Hy-
menreus has quenched every torch at the door-posts, and
shredded the nuptial wreath ; and no more is 23 Hymen, no
more Hymen the song that is sung, alas ! alas ! is chanted :
alas, alas for Adonis, wail the Graces, far more than Hy-
menasus, for the son of Cinyras, saying one with another,
' Beauteous Adonis hath perished ;' and far more piercingly
speak they, than thou, 24 Dione. The Muses too strike up
the lament for Adonis, and invoke him by song, but he heeds
them not ; not indeed that he is unwilling, but Proserpine
does not release him. Cease, Cytherea, thy laments, refrain
this day from thy dirges. 25 Thou must wail again, and weep
again, another year.

IDYLL II.

EROS AND THE FOWLER.

A BIRD-CATCHER, yet a boy, hunting birds in a leafy grove,
spied Eros, ^rom whom men-turn-away, perched on the
branch of a box-tree ; and when he had observed him, in
delight because in sooth it seemed to him a great bird, 2 fitting

Below at Xw fitv iXvai TriSiXov, for this office of respect, see St. John
i. 27 ; Acts xiii. 25.

23 OVK tri S' 'Y/i<ij>. Compare Lamentations v. 15, " The joy of our
heart is ceased ; our dance is turned into mourning." For Hymenaeus,
see Theocr. xviii. 58 ; Catull. 62 ; and in its primary sense, Horn. II.
xviii. 493.

24 Dione was the mother of Aphrodite, but here we are to understand
the daughter under the mother's name.

25 Compare Theocr. Idyll xv. 143, 144.

1 airoTpoirov, explained by Hesych., " quod aversetur aliquis." It is
so used (Ed. Tyr. 1313, 1314, tut GKOTCV veipoc tp.bv cnroTpOTrov. Briggs
here conjectures viroTrripov, " alatum."

2 The ancient mode of catching birds with rods was this. Reeds
smeared with bird-lime were joined together lengthwise, till they struck
the wings of the bird, which meanwhile was being charmed by the song
of the fowler hid amid the bushes. (Schwebel.)

5—16. IDYLL II. 171

together one on another his rods all at once, he proceeded to
lay a trap for Eros, as he hopped 3 hither and thither. And
the lad, being chagrined that no success befell him, threw
down his rods, and went to an old rustic, who had taught
him this art ; and spoke to him, and showed him Eros perch-
ing. 4But the old man, gently smiling, wagged his head, and
answered the boy : ' Beware of thy sport, and come not at yon
bird ; fly far from it; 'tis an evil brute ; happy will you be,

5 so long as you shall not have caught it ; but if you shall
have reached to man's stature, yon bird that now flees, and
hops away, will come himself of his own accord, on a sudden,

6 and settle upon your head.'

IDYLL III.

THE TEACHER TAUGHT.

THE mighty Venus stood beside me, when I was yet l in
youth's prime, leading with her fair hand infant Eros, nodding
towards the ground ; and addressed me as follows, ' Prythee,
good herdsman, take and teach Eros to sing.' Thus said she,
and herself went away ; but I, witless as I was, began to
teach Eros, as though he wished to learn, as many pastorals
as I knew ; namely, how 2Pan invented the cross-flute, how

3 rq. icai ra. Mosch. i. 16,

/cat TTTEpotts tus opvis ifjj'iTTTaTai aXXor' ITT' dXXou9
dvipa.^ r)Ct yi/i/al/cas.
Cf. Theoc. xv. 119.

4 o 7rps(r/3u£ iitiSiouv Kirtjvt Kapi). Ecclus. xii. 18, " He will shake his
head, and clap his hands, and whisper much, and change his countenance."

5 liaoica, here "quanuliu," as Iliad vii. 604. It often signifies
" usque dum," " until," Mosch. iv. 13. The word has therefore the two-
fold force of donee. igfiETpov. So St. Paul's Ep. to Ephes. iv. 13. Hesiod
has the line, dXX orav ffpijOM, Kai i'if3r]Q /jitrpov 'IKOITO, (.. 131.

6 This little Idyll has been imitated successfully by Spenser in the
third Eclogue of his Shepherd's Calendar, verse 60 to the end.

1 The reading here was inrvtaovri, clearly corrupt. We have trans-
lated the best emendation, that of Herelius, 19' rjfiwovTi.

'- Virgil Eel. ii. 32, Pan primus calamos cera conjungere plures In-
stituit. TT\ayiav\oQ tibia obliqua, seems to have been the same as the
ffupiyZ or fistula, wg av\ov 'AQdva. Pindar says Minerva invented the
aiiXbe, " tibia recta," or " longa," after the Gorgon had been slain by

172 B10N. 7—13.

Athena the pipe, how 3 Hermes the lyre, and how sweet
Apollo the cithern. These I began to teach him ; but he did
not take heed to my words, but himself kept singing me love-
ditties, and teaching me 4the desires of mortals and immortals,
and his mother's doings. And I forgot indeed all the strains
which I was teaching Eros, but whatsoever love-ditties Eros
taught me, I learned them all.

IDYLL IV.

THE POWER OF LOVE.

THE Muses fear not the savage Eros, but love him from
their hearts, and follow him close behind. And if haply
one follow them having an unloving spirit, out of that man's
way they fly, and are not willing to teach him. But if a man
agitated in mind by Eros sing sweetly, to him every one of
them hasten l in flowing stream. I am witness that this state-
ment is 2 universally true ; for if indeed I sing of any other
mortal or immortal, my tongue 3 stutters, and sings no longer
as before ; but if again I warble any ditty to Eros, and to
Lycidas, 4why then the strain flows joyously through my
lips.

Perseus through her aid, Pyth. Od. 12. Ovid makes Minerva say, in
Fast. lib. vi., Prima terebrato per rara foramina buxo

Ut daret effeci tibia longa sonos.
Comp. Callim. H. in Dian. 244.

3 Hermes the lyre.] Horat. (Od. I. x. 6) calls him, Curvaeque lyrae
parentem. 'Eppdiov, Doric for 'Epfiijg. Hes. Fr. 9, 1.

4 Compare Virgil Georg. iv. 345,

Inter quas curam Clymene narrabat inanem
Vulcani, Martisque dolos et dulcia furta
Eque Chao densos Divum referebat amores.

1 eirtiyonivai, Trpopeovri, "hastening flow forth ;" for the translation
in the text thanks are due to Chapman.

2 Traatv, as neuter, " in all things," " altogether." This usage of the
word is very common in Herodotus.

3 (3afi/3aivei. Agathias, Epigr. xiii, xn'Xsa /3a/i/3aiv«

4 icat roica. Ruhnken prefers avriica. But Iliad ix. 674 ; Theocr. Id.
xxiv. 20, quoted by Schaefer, amply justify the common reading.

1—15. IDYLL V. 173

IDYLL V.

LIFE TO BE ENJOYED.

'I KNOW not how, nor is it fitting I should, to labour at
what I have not learned. If my ditties are beautiful, then
these only, which the 2 Muse has presented to me aforetime,
will give me renown. But if these be not to men's taste,
what boots it me to labour at more ? For if indeed Saturn's
son or shifting fate had given to us a twofold life-time, so
that one term might be spent on pleasure and delights, and
the other in toil, 'twere possible perhaps for one, having iirst
laboured, at some after-period to receive the fruits. But
since the gods have allowed but one time for living to come
to men, 3and this a short space, and too brief for all, 4how
long, ah wretched men, do we toil over labours and works ?
And how far are we to throw our whole souls upon gains and
upon arts, longing ever for much more wealth ? Surely we
have all forgotten that we were born mortal, and how brief
a time we have had assigned to us by fate.

1 In the Florilegium of Stobaeus, this first line is given as Bion's,
and prefixed to this Idyll. Brunck and Winterton omit it or write it
separately.

2 Pierson and others read MoT<ra here for MoTpa, the common reading.
But the latter has to support it, Horace Od. II. xvi. 37—40,

Mihi parva rura et
Spiritum Graioe tenuem Camenae,
Parca non mendax dedit et malignum

Spernere vulgus.

3 fiyova iravruv, " non potens omnia complecti." Hor. Od. II. ii. 11,

Quid aeternis minorem
Consiliis animum fatigas.

Job xiv. 1, " Man that is born of a woman is of few days, and full of
trouble."

4 ig TTOCTOV, K. r. \. Compare here St. James iv. 13, 14 ; and for the
moral of this earnest and beautiful pleading of natural religion, refer to
Psalm xc. 12, " So teach us to number our clays, that we may apply our
hearts unto wisdom."

BION. 1—18.

IDYLL VI.

CLEODAMUS AND MYRSON.

Cleodamus. l OF spring, good Myrson, or winter, or
autumn, or summer, what is pleasant to you ? And what
do you desire most to come ? Is it summer, when all things,
as many as we labour at, are completed ? Or sweet autumn,
when hunger comes but lightly on men ? Or is it even 2idlo
winter ? since 'tis e'en in winter that many, while they warm
themselves, 3are overpowered by laziness and sloth. Or is
beauteous spring more agreeable to you ? Tell me what your
inclination prefers ; for our leisure has given us leave to
speak.

Myrson. For mortals to judge divine works is unmeet ; for
all these are holy and sweet ; yet for your sake, Cleodamus,
I will speak out which is to me more sweet than all the rest.
I would not it were summer, 4for then the sun scorches me.
I would not it were 5 autumn, for then ripe fruits breed disease.
I dread to endure terrible winter, its falling snow and frosts.
Come spring to me thrice-welcome in the 6 whole year, when
there is neither frost, nor does sun oppress us. In spring
every thing is fruitful. All sweet things burst forth in
spring, 7and night is equal to men, and morning the same.

f. tirl is understood, according to Briggs. Brunck reads Mopirwi'
for Myperwv, the former being used by Theocritus. In verse 4 we find
Xi/iof, feminine. It is common.

2 xtlfia Svatpyov, that is, unsuited for rustic pursuits. Virg. Georg.
i. 299, Hiems ignava colono. G. "VVakefield interprets it, " Bruma
intractabilis." See Georg. i. 211.

3 Cf. Virg. Georg. i. 303, Invitat genialis hiems curasque resolvit.

4 Virg. Eel. vii. 46, Jam venit aestas Torrida.

5 Horace Sat. ii. 6, 19, Auctumnusque gravis Libitinae quasstus acerbae.
In the next line some place a full stop after iptptiv, and construe, winter
is terrible to bear.

6 AvKafiavri, from AvKafSag, an Homeric word, signifying the year :
from \vict), lux, and flaivu). travr tlapog. Compare Theocr. xi. 58;
Virgil Eel. iii. 57, Nunc frondent silvae, nunc formosissimus annus.

7 The vernal equinox. Virg. (Georg. i. 208) says of the autumnal
equinox, Libra die somnique pares ubi fecerit horas.

VII. VIII. IDYLLS. 175

VII.

ON HYACINTHUS.

PERPLEXITY seized on 'Phoebus experiencing so great
grief ; he began to seek every remedy, and strove to obtain a
cunning art. And with ambrosia and nectar he anointed, he
anointed all the wound ; but for the fates all remedies are
remediless.

VIII.

FRIENDSHIP.

BLESSED are they who love, 2 whensoever they are loved
equally in return. Blest was 3 Theseus, when Pirithous was
with him, even though he had descended to the abode of re-
lentless Hades. Blest was Orestes among the 4 churlish
inhospitables, because Pylades had chosen common paths
with him. 5 Achilles, grandson of JE&cus, was fortunate in
his friend's life-time, blessed was he in his death, because he
warded off from him dire fate.

1 rov $ot/3oi/ is no doubt the true reading, though one editor has
a/z0a<rta Se B!O>I/ e'Xe : another, rov fiiov e\tv : and another, Tlai&v 'i\t,
(i. e. Ipse Deus medicinae obstupuit). But bearing the story of Hy-
acinthus in mind we need no alteration. The fair youth, son of Amyclas,
king of Sparta, and of Diomedei, was unintentionally slain by Apollo's
discus. The hopelessness of the passionate god's attempts to undo the
mischief are touched upon in this fragment. For more particulars see
Ovid Met. x. 184, &c.

2 Whensoever, &c.] Theocr. Idyll xii. 15,

dXXtjXous £' i<j)i\ijarav i'troi fyyif' TJ pa TOT' rj<rav
•Xpva-EOL ol iraXeu avSpiv, OT' &VTi.<pi\r)tr' o <pi\r)6tis.

3 Compare Horat. Od. IV. vii. 27, 28,

Nee Lethasa valet Theseus abrumpere caro
Vincula Pirithoo.

4 The churlish inhospitables.] 'A£eivoi. Allusion is here made to the
fierce character of the barbarians dwelling on the east coast of the sea
called first from them Axenus, the inhospitable ; but afterwards Euxine,
from the civilization introduced by Greek settlers. For ^aXtTroiffiv,
Briggs suggests XaXt//3tcr<m'. The Chalybes were a nation of Asia Minor,
bordering on Pontus. 2Esch. Prom. V. calls them avrjptpoi yap, ovSt
•jrp6air\a.<jToi £EJ/OI£.

5 The friendship of Pylades and Orestes is commemorated in more
than one Greek tragedy : Achilles and Patroclus appear as fast friends
in the Iliad. See Ovid. Ep. ex Ponto II. iii. 41 — -46 ; and for some ex-
cellent remarks on this beautiful trait of the Heroic ages, see Thirlwall's
Greece, vol. i. c. vi. 77.

176 BION. IX.— XIV.

IX.

IT is not well, my friend, on every occasion to have re-
course to a craftsman, nor at all in every matter to have need
of another, but l do you even yourself fashion a Pan's pipe ;
and it is an easy task for you.

MAY Eros invite the Muses, may the Muses bring Eros :
and to me, always yearning after it, may the Muses give song,
the sweet song, than which 2no charm is sweeter.

3 FROM the frequent drop, as the saying is, ever falling,
even the stone is bored into a hollow.

XII.

BUT I will go on my way to yon slope, 4 warbling at the
sands of the shore, whilst I supplicate cruel Galatea : for I
will not relinquish my sweet hopes even till extreme old-age.

XIII.

NEITHER leave me unrewarded, since even Phrebus gave a
reward to song. And honour makes the things we do better.

XIV.
5 BEAUTY is woman's grace : but man's is courage.

1 Te%va.a9ai, may be the infinitive for the imperative here.

J No charm, or remedy. Comp. Theocr. Idyll xi. l,forthe same sentiment.

3 So Ovid., Quid magis est durum saxo 1 quid mollius unda 1

Dura tamen molli saxa cavantur aqua.

And again, Gutta cavat lapidem, non vi sed saepe cadendo. Lucret. lib.
iv. ad fin., Nonne yides etiam guttas in saxa cadentes
Humoris, longo in spatio pertundere saxa?

4 Warbling.] I have translated Brunck's reading, \^t9vpia5<iiv) as \jji6v-
piaSu) seems condemned by the futures before and after it. In the next
line \lsana6ov rt Kai rfiova, is an instance of Hendiadys. See Theocr. i. 1 .

5 See Anacreon, Ode II., yvvai^lv OVK IT tl^tv

T'I ovv Sidwai ; KaXXog , K. r. \.

1—15. IDYLL XV. 177

IDYLL XV.

THE EPITHALAMITOI OF ACHILLES AND DEIDAMIA.1
MYRSON. LYCIDAS.

Myrson. Are you willing now, Lycidas, sweetly to sing me
2 a Sicilian melody, delightsome, charming the mind, and
amorous, such as the Cyclops Polyphemus sung on the sea-
shore to Galatea ?

Lycidas. And if, Myrson, it be agreeable to me to sing to
my pipe, then what shall my song be ?

Myrs. I admire, Lycidas, the Scyrian strain, sweet love,
the stolen kisses, the 3 stolen embrace of the son of Peleus.
How he, a boy, put on a maiden's mantle, and how he belied his
form, and how among the daughters of Lycomedes, Deidamia,
4holding him in her arms, gratified Achilles, son of Peleus.

Lycid. Once on a day, the herdsman carried off Helen ; and
led her to Ida, a sore grief to ^Enone ; then Lacedasmon was
wroth, and gathered all the Achaean host. Nor did any man
of Hellas, of Mycenae, or Elis, or of the Laconians, stay behind
in his home, 5 bearing as vengeance dread war. But only

1 The Scyrian strain.] Lycomedes king of the Dolopians, in the island
of Scyros, near Euboea, was father of Deidamia, and grandsire of Pyrrhus,
or Neoptolemus. This fragment relates to the sojourn of Achilles, in
maiden's guise, among the daughters of Lycomedes at Scyros, whither
he had been brought by his mother Thetis, as she knew the Trojan war
must be fatal to him. Among his female companions he was called
Pyrrha from his golden locks. His sex and hiding-place were discovered
by a stratagem of Ulysses.

2 "SiKtXbv n'tXoq. Virg. Eel. iv. 1, Sicelides Musae. Mosch., SuctXiicai MoT-
<Tot. All marking Sicily as the land of pastoral poetry "par excellence."

3 Xdflpiov tvvdv. Compare Theocr. xxvii. 67, aviararo 0<uptoc ivvd.

4 For the unintelligible reading, a7ra\ijotaa

'AqSrivi) r aTraarbv 'A^iXXta A?ji£a/uaa — •
we have ventured to translate, as at least sense, Rulmken's conjecture,

ayicag t\oiaa

Hti\(iStjv dydiraZiv, K. T. \.

which is approved by Valkenaer and Jacobs, and is by far the best. I'Yr
the several conjectures of Toup, Wakefield, and Briggs, see Bi
Bucolici Grceci, p. 361.

5 Qepwv fiaviv avav apva, is hopeless. Scaliger amended it thus,
<j>epttiv Tiaivaivbv'Apria, to which Lennep. prefers Tiffiv, vindictam, which
Brunck follows. This has been translated in the text above. Ruhnkeu's

178 BION. 15—32.

Achilles was lying concealed among the daughters of Ly-
comedes, and was learning skill in wool, instead of arms, and
in his white hand was holding a maiden's 6task; and in ap-
pearance he was as a girl ; for he was equally womanish with
them, and as fresh a colour as theirs blushed on his snowy
cheeks ; and he was wont to walk with the step of maiden-
hood, and to cover his hair with a veil ; yet had he the spirit
of Mars, and possessed the love of a man, and from dawn to
nightfall would he sit beside Deidamia ; and at times indeed
he would kiss her hand, and often 7 would he raise her beau-
teous mouth, and the sweet tears would flow forth. But with
no other of like age did he eat ; and he kept doing every thing
in eagerness for a sleep in common. Then he spoke also a
word to her, ' With one another other sisters slumber, but I
remain alone, and thou sleepest s apart from me ; we two, vir-
gins of like age, we twain beautiful. Yet sleep we alone in
our several beds, and this evil and troublesome partition -wall9
wickedly separates me from you. For not of you am I — ' I0

suggestion 0£pwv 00i(7ai'op'*Ap»ja, is elegant and has claims to be received.
Wakefield, ty'spwv SvGoftiXov'ApTja. Jacobs, <pvy<l>v dvapiKTov "Aprja.
Briggs, <l>fpov ct Zvvbv'Apqa.

6 The reading here was Kopov, scopam, a broom ; hut this was a slave's
work. See Eurip. Hec. 362 ; Audrom. 166. In the next line, at
BT)\VVITO, compare Theocr. xx. 14.

7 ffTop.' dvd KaXov dupe. Ursinus corrected this to oiay.' ; which, how-
ever, yields not, I venture to think, a better sense. The line is cor-
rupt, no doubt. Scaliger proposed to read, understanding it of weaving,
ffrdfiova Ka\bv deipt TO, 5' dcea Katpe iiryvti, " and would often lift the
beautiful warp, and praise the scented threads (or thrums)." Briggs reads,
TO. S' ivxpoa SciKTvX' iiryvti, "would praise her fresh-coloured fingers." In
this translation I have adopted Brunck's tTreppti, as the slightest alteration.

8 For vitfiipa, read with Briggs voa<j>i. Two lines below, Kara Xsicrpa is
used distributively, like /card fftytag, in the Iliad. KCLT dvSpa, man by
man, Herodot. &c.

a Sf TTOvripd.
yap SoXia

The awkwardness of Sf and •yap coming thus together, and the offence
against metre in the last syllable of vvaaa, have suggested the reading
VVGOCI Kal apyaXta, which I have followed. One reading (Brunck's) is

d 0£ TTOVIJpd

vv(r<ra, Kal co\ia /JE Tpo<f>6s OTTO crtlo /ucpi^ct.
The duenna is thus introduced into the passage.
10 The remainder of this Idyll is lost.

XVI. XVII. IDYLLS. 179

XVI.

TO THE EVENING STAR.

HESPER! golden light of the lovely Foam-born! Hesper,
dear friend, sacred ornament of dark night, hail, thou friend,
2 as much more faint than the moon, as thou art eminent above
the stars ; and give thou me, as I go a merry-making to a shep-
herd, light instead of the moon : because she, beginning her
course to-day, went down too quickly. I am not going forth
for theft, nor to molest a wayfarer in the night : but I am a
lover ; and 'tis meet to return a lover love for love.

XVII.

LOVE RESISTLESS.

GENTLE Cyprus-born goddess, child of Jove and the sea,
why art thou so wroth with mortals and immortals ? I have
said but little ; rather, why dost thou so much hate them, and
why, prythee, shouldest thou have given birth to Eros, so
great a plague to all, cruel as he is, without natural affection,
in mind nowise resembling his form ? And to what end hast
thou given him to us 3 winged and a far-darter, that we might
not be able to escape him, bitter as he is.

1 Horn. II. xxii. 318, speaks thus of Hesperus,

"EtTTTtpos, os /caXAi<7Tos iv oiipavco La-raTaL d<TTtjp.
And Virgil (JSneid viii. 589) of Lucifer,

Lucifer und&

Quern Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignes
Extulit os sacrum coelo, tenebrasque resolvit.
'' So Statius Silv. ii. 82,

Quantum prjecedit clara minores

Luna faces, quantumque alios pretnit Hesperus ignes.
Cf. Horat. I. xii. 48. In the next line, for KM^OV dyovri, compare Theocr.
Idyll iii. 1.

3 irravbv. Compare an epigram of Archias,

(frtvyfiv or; TOV "Epoiro /ctvos TTOVOV o\> yap d\vt£ta

Trends VTTO TTT1]VOV TTVKVa OlWKOfJ.tVO'S,

which Fawkes renders,

Of shining Love 'tis vain to talk,
"When he can fly, and I but walk.

M 2

THE IDYLLS

MOSCHUS THE SYRACTJSAK

IDYLL I.

LOVE A RUNAWAY.

1 ' MY son Eros,' Venus was loudly calling, ' Eros, if any
one has seen straying in the cross-roads, he is my runaway:
the informer shall have a reward. The kiss of Venus shall be
your pay ; and if you shall have brought him, not the 2bare
kiss, but, stranger, you shall have even more : now the lad is
very notable ; you would know him among 3 twenty together :
in complexion indeed he is not fair, but like to fire ; and his
eyes are piercing and fiery-red : evil his heart, pleasant his
speech. For he does not speak the same as he thinks ; his
voice is as honey, 4but if he be wroth, his mind is ruthless ;

1 " Ben Jonson in his Masque, ' The Hue and Cry after Cupid,' has
imitated Moschus in this Idyll very closely. The proclamation, however,
is addressed by the Graces to the softer sex, with one of whom Aphro-
dite supposes young Love to he concealed." Chapman. Heindorf, in his
edition, separates rov "Epatra rbv v'lta by a comma before and after, so
that the words may be read as part of the cry of Yenus. t/3o>crrp£(, made
proclamation after, Horn. Odyss. xii. 124. So /3op is used by Euripides,
Phoen.1161, /3o$ vvp KaldiKt\\a£, which Valkenaer renders " clamando
petit."

2 yvpvbv TO 0i\ajua. Theocr. Idyll iii. 20 ; xxvii. 4.

3 kv tiKoai TTaai : inter viginti omnino, " amongst as many as twenty."
The alteration to vaiai weakens the force.

4 Compare Plaut. True. I. ii. 76,

In melle sunt linguce vestrse sitae, atque orationes
Lacteque : corda felle sunt lita, atque acerba aceto.
Heskin quotes a rhyming distich,

Mel in ore, verba lactis,

Fel in corde, fraus in factis.

10—29. IDYLL I. 181

deceiving, telling truth in nothing, wily child, he 5 sports
cruelly. His head has goodly curls, but 6 impudent is the
face he wears: his little hands are tiny, 'tis true, yet they
shoot far ; shoot even to Acheron, and to the king of Hades.
He is naked indeed so far as his body is concerned, but his
mind is 7 shrouded. And being winged, as a bird, he flies
upon now one party of men and women and now another, and
settles on their inmost hearts. He has a very small bow, and
upon the bow an arrow : small is his arrow, yet it carries
even to the sky: and a golden quiver above his back, and
within it are the bitter shafts, with which he often wounds
even me. All, all is cruel ; but far most a little torch that he
has, 8with which he kindles the sun himself. If you at any
rate shall have caught him, bind and bring him, and do not
pity him. And if ever you shall have seen him weeping, be-
ware lest he beguile you ; and if he smile, do you drag him
on : and if he should desire to kiss you, avoid it ; his kiss is
mischievous, 9his lips poison. But should he say, ' Take these,
I present thee all the arms I have,' do not touch them, de-
ceitful gifts ; for they have all been dipt in fire.'

IDYLL II.

EUKOPA.

VENUS once sent upon Europa a sweet dream, what time
the 1 third portion of night sets in, and dawn is near ; what time

s aypia iraiaSu. Compare Virgil, Eel. iii. 8, Transversa tuentibus
hircis. JEn. ix. 794, Asper, acerba tuens. Geor. iii. 149, Asper acerba
sonans : all illustrative of the frequent poetic use of adjectives neuter,
plural and singular, for the adverb. Cf. Matth. Gr. Gr. 446, § 7, 8.

8 Irafibv, (from ilpt, ir»j£,) bold : in a bad sense, generally. Cf.
Aristoph. Ran. 1292, irctfialc; KVffiv.

7 ifiTrtTrvicaoTai. Horn. II. iii. 298, irvKivai 0pevfC- irvKiVlff i>6og ;
[trjdea TTVKVO. ; elsewhere. Proverbs v. 6, " Lest thou shouldest ponder the

'path of life, her ways are moveable, that thou canst not know her."

8 I have followed the reading of Luzacius, rqi a\iov avrbv avaiQii.
Hermann retains the common reading rbv a\iov ; but punctuates thus,

TroXi) TrXciov St ol avTtji
(Said. Xa(nrd.Q loTffa' rbv uXiov avrbv dvaiOti.

9 QapfjiaKov ivTi. Others read $ap/iaicoej'ra.

1 From Homer's day the Greeks divided "night" into three watches,

182 MOSCHUS. 3—30.

sleep sweeter than honey settling on the eyelids, limb-relaxing
though it is, fetters down the eyes with soft bond; 2what
time moreover the tribe of truthful dreams is roving abroad.
Then as she slumbered in a chamber next the roof, the daugh-
ter of Phoenix, yet a maiden, Europa, fancied 3that two conti-
nents were contending for her, Asia and the opposite coast,
and they were in shape as women. Now of these the one had
the form of a foreign woman, whilst the other in truth re-
sembled a native, and hugged her more closely as her own
child ; and kept saying that she was her mother, and that
herself had nurtured her. But the other, using violence with
strong hands, was drawing her away, nothing loth : for she
said that 'twas fated by a?gis-bearing Jove that Europa should
be her prize.

She then started in affright from 4her strown couch, quak-
ing at heart, for she had beheld the dream as a real appear-
ance ; and seating herself she kept silence a long time, yet still
had she before her waking eyes both the women. And late
at length the maiden uplifted a timid voice, ' Who of the ce-
lestials has sent upon me such phantoms ? What manner of
dreams are these ^vh^ch have exceedingly scared me, as I
slumbered right sweetly in my chamber on my strown couch ?
And who was that foreign woman, whom I beheld in my
sleep ? How did a yearning toward her strike me at heart !
How graciously did she too welcome me, and regard me as her
own child ! But may the blessed gods decide the dream to
me for good.' Thus saying, she sprang up ; and went to seek
her dear companions, in the prime of life, her equals in years,
well-pleasing, and nobly-born, with whom she was ever wont

(II. x. 253 ; Od. xii. 312,) just as they did " day" also. The first part of
the clay was called »/(!>£, which the time here mentioned (the irv^tarov
Xa^oc of Apollon. Rhod. i. 1022) immediately precedes. The Latins
called it cockcrow, " gallicinium," a\iKTOpo<JHavia. See art. Dies, 339,
i. Smith's Diet. Gr. and Rom. Ant.

2 ivrt Kai aTpiKttiiv. Hor. Sat. I. x. 32,

Vetuit me tali -voee Quirinus,
Post mediam noctem visus, cum somnia vera.

i9vog ovelpwv. So Horn. Odyss. xxiv. 12, drjp-ov ovtipwv. iroifiaivtrai,
ovium ritu vagatur.

3 r'lirtipovQ Soiag. So ^Esch. Persae, 186. — 'AaiSa r avTnreprjv Tt.
avTnrsptjv is an adverb. Supply TT/V avTnreptjv ovaav fjirtipov.

4 Eurip. Orest. 313, ptve £' i-iri ffrpwrov \e\ov^. Soph. Trach. 916,
ffTpura — (f>apri. TO yap dig inrap ilStv ovtipov. The order seems to be
ilStv yap TO ovetpov wg virap.

30—51. IDYLL II. 183

to sport, 5when she was making ready for the choir, or when
she might be washing her skin at the mouths of °the Anaurus,
or whensoever 7 she might be culling odorous lilies from the
mead. And these quickly showed themselves to her, and they
had each in their hands a basket for-holding-flowers ; and they
proceeded to go to the meadows by-the-shore, where too they
were ever wont to gather themselves in one troop, delighting
both in the growth of the roses and in the roaring of the sea. But
Europa herself was carrying a basket wrought of gold, and ad-
mirable, a great wonder, a great work of Hephasstus, which he
had bestowed on 8 Libya as a gift, when she went to the bed of
the Earth-shaker ; and she gave it to very-beauteous Telephas-
sa, who was of near kin to her ; and upon Europa, yet unwed-
ded, her mother, Telephassa, bestowed it as a famous present.
Whereon many sparkling curious-works had been wrought ;
on it indeed was wrought 9of gold lo the daughter of Inachus,
while still a heifer, and she had not the figure of a woman.
And frantic she was going afoot over the briny paths, like
unto one swimming ; and a sea had been wrought of dark
blue. And aloft, upon the brow of the shore, were standing
two men together, and they were watching the sea-traversing
heifer. On it moreover was 10 Jupiter, son of Saturn, patting
gently with his hand the heifer daughter of Inachus, whom
5 Compare Callimach. H. in Apoll. 8, Ol Si vioi iiokTrtjv re KO.I ic;

6 There is an Anaurus in Thessaly, and one in Dardania. It is sug-
gested, that as neither of these will suit the locality of Europa's story,
we must read avavpw in its first sense — a river or a torrent : as in Anacr.
Od. vii., did 5' b£,'tv avavpwv —

7 Horat. III. xxvii. 29 speaks of Europa as

Nuper in pratis studiosa riorum,
Debita; nymphis opifex coronae.

8 Libya, a daughter of Epaphus and Memphis; the mother by Nep-
tune of Agenor, Belus, and Lelex. Agenor is by most of the poets called
the father of Europa, though Homer makes her the daughter of Phoenix.
Telephassa was daughter-in-law to Libya.

9 Horace (de Art. Poet.) calls her " lo vaga." Virgil places the legend
of lo on the shield of Turrius, ^En. vii. 789—791,

At levem clypeum sublatis cornibus lo
Auro insignibat : jam setis obsita, jam bos,
Argumentum ingens, et custos virginis Argus.

10 tv S' jji' Zet>£ Kpovi'$»j£, £7ra0oijU£voc >;p£ju« XfPffl- The old reading
left out KpoviSrjg, and ended the line with xciPl Oitiy. Briggs proposes

p.6vov TJpifia xllP< 0££t{?> as -32sch. Prom. Y. 874,

184 MOSCHUS. 51—77.

beside seven-mouthed Nile he was transforming again to a
woman from a horned cow. Of silver indeed was the stream
of Nile ; and the heifer, I ween, of brass ; but Jove himself
was fashioned of gold. u And about the crown of the rounded
basket Hermes had been formed ; and near to him Argus had
been represented stretched, distinguished by his sleepless eyes ;
and from his deep-red blood was springing up a bird exulting
in the many-hued colour of his wings, having spread wide the
plumage of his tail, and like some ship speeding through the
sea, he was covering all round with feathers the rims of the
golden basket. Such was very-beauteous Europa's basket.

Now these, when in truth they had entered the flowery
meads, were then pleasing their fancy each with various kinds
of flowers ; one of them was plucking odorous narcissus,
another hyacinth, another the violet, and another the creeping
thyme : and on the ground were falling many leaves of
spring-nursed 12 meadows. But others again were culling in
rivalry incense-laden tufts of yellow crocus ; in the midst
however stood the princess, gathering with her hands the
beauty of the bright-red rose, 13like as foam-born Venus
shone conspicuous among the Graces. Not long however was
she destined to please her fancy on flowers, or to M preserve,
I wot, her virgin zone undefiled. For of a truth the son of
Saturn, when he observed her, had then been smitten at heart,
subdued by the unforeseen darts of Venus, who alone can
overcome even Jove: wherefore now, both as desiring-to-

11 Stvfitvroi;. The reading SivtaQivroi; "tornati" is suggested as more
probable, Yirgil's line, Lenta quibus torno facili superaddita vitis, being
adduced in support of this emendation. The story of Argus is found in
Ov. Met. i. 625—627,

Centum luminibus cinctum caput Argus habebat :
Inde suis \icibus capiebant bina quietem :
Caetera servabant, atque in statione manebant.

12 Wakefield suggests Xttpwdtav. Briggs, /j.r)K(iivv, because \fi[i.iavwv
has occurred so recently. Briggs quotes Propert. I. xx. 37,

Et circumriguo surgebant lilia prato

Candida purpureis mista papaveribus.
!3 So Virg. JEn. i. 499,

Exercet Diana chores, quam mille secutse
Hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades : ilia pharetram
Fert humeris gradiensque deas supereminet omnes.
14 tpvaOai, i. q. tpvta9ai. Horn. Od. v. 484, oaov rptiQ avSpag ipvaOai.
a\pai>Tov. Compare Eurip. Iph. in Aul. 1574, dxpavrov dipa KaXXi-
irapOivov

77—104. IDYLL H. 185

avoid the wrath of jealous Here, and wishing to beguile the
young fancy of the maiden, he concealed the god, and trans-
formed his body, I5and became a bull ; not such a one as feeds
in the stalls, nor indeed such a one as cleaves a furrow, drag-
ging the curved plough ; nor like one that grazes in the
herds, no, nor of such a kind as the bull that is tamed and
draws the heavy-laden wain. But of a truth the rest of his
body was chestnut-coloured, whilst a silvery ring was gleaming
on his mid forehead, and his eyes were 1G sparkling from
under, flashing through desire ; and horns equal one to the
other were branching up from his head, like orbs of the
horned moon, her disc cut in half ; so came he into the meadow,
and did not alarm the maidens by his appearance : n but a
longing to draw near to him arose in all, and to touch the
lovely bull ; for his divine scent from afar surpassed even
the sweet odour of the meadow. And he stood before the
feet of faultless Europa, and began to lick her neck, and to
soften the maiden's heart. Then would she stroke him, and
gently with her hands wipe oif from his lips much foam, and
she kissed the bull. But he 18 lowed softly : you might say
that you heard a 19Mygdonian flute, uttering distinctly a
clear sound ; then he bent the knee before her feet, and began
to look keenly on Europa, with his neck turned towards her,
and to display to her his broad back. Then she bespoke her
maidens with-thick -falling hair thus, 'Come, dear playmates
of like age, that we may delight ourselves in sitting on the
bull here ; for in sooth he will spread his back beneath us,

15 Ov. Met. ii. 850,

Induitur tauri faciem, mixtusque juvencis
Mugit et in teneris formosus obambulat herbis.
See also the remainder of the 2nd Book in illustration of this Idyll.

16 offat $' inroyXavffaeaict. So Brunck reads in preference to the cor-
rupt viroy\ai>Ki<TKt.

17 Ov. Met. ii. 858, &c., Miratur Agenore nata,

Quod formosus erat, quod prselia nulla minetur.

18 Lowed softly.] Compare Nonnus, lib. i.,

^iCOiHtj? TTOTt TUVpOS tTT* tjoi/os Ul//iK£pO)S ZiUS

i/ufpotv yuu/oj/ia votiia fjLVKi'i<raTO Xat/uu.

19 Mygdoiiian flute,] or pipe. Mygdonian stands for " Phrygian." The
Mygdones, a Thracian tribe, settled in Phrygia. The Phrygian pipe
had two holes above and terminated in a horn bending upwards. (See
Tibull. II. i. 86. Ov. Met. iii. 533, Adunco tibia cornu.) It thus ap-
proached the nature of a trumpet, producing slow, grave, solemn tones.
Smith, Diet. Gr. R. A., Tibia, p. 969.

186 MOSCHTJS. 104 — 124.

and take us all up, even as a ship ; mild is he to look upon,
and gentle, nor is he at all like to other bulls ; 20and a right
mind, as of a man, surrounds him, and he wants but speech.'
Thus saying, 21 she took her seat smilingly on his back ; and
the rest were about to do so ; when straightway the bull
sprang up, having carried off her whom he wished, and
speedily he came to the sea. But she having turned her
round began to call her dear companions, outstretching her
hands ; and they could not reach her, for having set foot on
the strand he ran forward as a dolphin, and the Nereids
emerged from out the brine, ay, the whole of them, I wot,
arrayed themselves in line, 22 sitting on the backs of whales.
And moreover heavily-roaring Earth-shaker himself above
the sea, levelling the waves, led the briny way for his brother ;
and 23the Tritons, dwellers in deep-flowing ocean, were gathered
round him, sounding on long conches a nuptial melody.

But she truly, sitting on the bull-like shoulders of Jupiter,
with one hand indeed kept holding the bull's long horn, whilst
in the other hand she was drawing back the folds of her
purple-flowing robe, in order that the countless spray of the
hoary brine might not wet the skirt of it when drawn towards

20 Theocr. Idyll xxv. 79 — 83, puts similar language, respecting a dog,
into the mouth of the steward of Augeas.

21 Ovid. Met. ii. 868,

Ausa est quoque regia virgo,
Nescia quern premeret, tergo considere tauri.
Horat. III. xxvii. 25,

Sic et Europe niveum doloso
Credidit tauro latus, et scatentem
Belluis pontum, mediasque fraudes
Palluit audax.

22 Virg. Mn. v. 822, &c.,

Turn varise comitum facies, immania cete
Et senior Glauci chorus, Inousque Palemon
Tritonesque citi.

For the next line see Milton's Comus, " By the earth-shaking Neptune's

mace."

23 Milton, ibid., " By scaly Triton's winding shell." Yirg. JEn. vi. 171,

Sed turn forte cava dum personal sequora concha

^Emulus, exceptum Triton submerserat.

Valkenaer in this passage has restored the reading of the Codices. (3apv-
9pooi av\r)rij()i£, "loud-voiced minstrels." Triton was a son of Neptune
and Amphitrite. He was his father's trumpeter — his trumpet a conch-shell.
Four lines below we have translated the reading of Auratus o0pa /i») ui]v
Atvoi

125—153. IDYLL II. 187

her. Now the deep robe of Europa had been formed into
loose folds at the shoulders, like the sail of a ship, and was
wont to lighten the maiden. But when at length she was far
from her fatherland, and 24 there appeared neither any sea-
dashed shore, nor tall mountain, but air indeed above, and
boundless ocean beneath, peering round about her, she gave
vent to words like these : ' Whither bearest thou me, divine
bull ? Who art thou ? Or how dost thou traverse the way
25 with untiring feet, and yet not shudder at the sea? For by
swift ships the sea is overrun, but bulls dread the briny path.
What kind of drink is sweet to thee ? what food wilt thou get
from the sea ? Art thou in truth, I wonder, some god ? For

26 thou dost acts beseeming the gods. Neither do marine
dolphins walk upon land, nor bulls in any wise on the sea.
But thou rushest unwetted over land and sea, and thine

27 hoofs are oars to thee. Nay, haply also lifted aloft above
the azure air, thou wilt take flight, resembling swift birds.
Ah me ! ill-fated assuredly in a high degree ; 28 even I who,
having left afar my father's house, and followed this bull, am
pursuing a strange voyage, and roaming alone. But mayest
thou, earth-shaking regent of the hoary sea, graciously light
upon me ! I hope to behold this god directing my voyage, as
my forerunner. For not without a god's help do I traverse
these watery paths.' Thus spake she ; and her the broad-
horned bull addressed thus : ' Take heart, maiden, fear not
ocean's billow: I myself, look you, am Jove, though near at
hand I seem to be a bull ; yes, for I am able to appear whatso-
ever I choose. Now desire of thee hath impelled me to

2* Virg. JEn. iii. 192,

Postquam altum tenuere rates, nee jam amplius ullae
Apparent terr.-e, ccelum imdique, et undique pontus.
Cf. Lucret. iv. 435. Horat. iii. 27. Ovid. Trist. I. ii. 23.

25 apyaXkoiai irodtaffi. Briggs suggests apyaXeijv av. One MS. has
dpyaXiijv ye.

213 We have translated the reading given by Briggs, as restored by
Gaisford, tTTtoticora, which yields a better sense than cnrtoiKora.

27 So Seneca Hippolyt., Ungula lentos imitante remos. For the
line above see Matt. Gr. Gr. 594, 4. "When a preposition should stand
twice with two separate nouns, it is often put only once, and then with
the second. So in Latin, Horat. iii. 25, 3, QUEC nemora aut quos agor
in specus. Cf. Bion, Id. v. 11, ica/idrwc K' ti'e tpyu vovfvfitc.

28 Horace, Od. III. xxvii. 49, Impudens liqui patrios Penates : and for
Jove's answer see the same ode, Uxor invicti Jovis esse nescis. Mitte
singultus.

188 MOSCHTJS. 153—162.

measure so much sea, taking the appearance of a bull: but
Crete shall receive thee presently, Crete, which reared even
myself; where shall be thy nuptials: and by me thou shalt
bear illustrious sons, who shall all of them be sceptre-bearers
among the dwellers upon earth.

So said he : and what he said found fulfilment : Crete indeed
at length appeared : and Jove again assumed his own form.
And he loosed her girdle, and the 29 Hours prepared her bed,
and she who was aforetime a maiden became presently bride
of Jove. 30 And she bore sons to Jove and became a mother
forthwith.

[In connexion with this Idyll, Ovid Met. vi. 103, and Fast. v. 605 —
612, may be read with advantage. See Chapman's notes.]

IDYLL III.

THE EPITAPH OF BION, A LOVING HERDSMAN.

PLAINTIVELY groan at my bidding, ye woodland dells, and
thou Dorian water, and weep, rivers, the lovely Bion ; now
wail at my bidding, ye plants, and now, groves, utter a wail ;
now may ye flowers breathe forth your life in sad clusters ;
1 blush now sorrowfully, ye roses, now, thou anemone ; 2 now,

29 The Hours are (in Greek poets) ministers of the gods, II. viii. 433,
xxi. 450; the companions of the sun, Ov. Met. ii. 25. In Theocr. i.
150, the beauty of a cup is ascribed to its having been washed in their
fountain. In Idyll xv. 103, they bring back Adonis to Venus year by
year, from Acheron. In nature or art alike they are interested in the
perfection of beauty.

30 Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhadamanthus were her sons. She after-
wards married Asterion, king of Crete, who brought up her sons, and
whom one of them, Minos, succeeded.

1 See Bion's Lament for Adonis, 36, avQta S' t% odvvat; ipivQaivfrai.
Moschus seems here to allude to this passage.

2 (3a/u/3aXe, lisp. This is an emendation of Heindorf for \dfif3avi,
the common reading. A kindred form, /3a/j(3ah'tt>, occurs in Bion iv. 10,
— al al. Comp. Theocr. x. 28, icat a ypaTrra vctKivQoQ. The legend ran,
that when Hyacinthus had been accidentally slain by Apollo's disc, his
blood produced a flower on whose leaves the initial letters of his name
were inscribed. Ov. Met. x. 162,

Ipse suos gemitus foliis inscribit, et " ai ai ''

Flos habet inscriptum, funestaque littera ducta est.

6 — 30. IDYLL HI. 189

hyacinth, speak thy letters, and with thy leaves lisp 'ai,'
' ai,' more than is thy wont : a noble minstrel is dead.

Begin Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

Ye nightingales, that wail in the thick foliage, tell the news
to the Sicilian waters of 3Arethusa, that Bion the herdsman
is dead, that with him both the song is dead, and perished is
Doric minstrelsy.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

Plaintively wail beside the waters, Strymonian swans, and
with mournful voices sing a sorrowful ode, with as sweet a
sound as was that of old, wherewith he used to sing to your
lips. 4 And tell, again, to JEagrian maids, tell to all Bistonian
nymphs, that the Dorian Orpheus has perished.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

That darling of the herds no longer sings : no longer does
he warble, as he reclines beneath the solitary oaks : but in
Pluto's realm he chants 5 a song of forgetfulness. And voice-
less are the hills ; and the heifers, which roam with the bulls,
lament and will not go to pasture.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

Thy sudden fate, O Bion, even Apollo bewailed, and the
Satyrs grieved, and the dark-robed Priapi ; and Pans sigh for
thy melody, whilst the fountain nymphs through the wood
mourned for thee, 6 and their tears became waters ; and Echo

According to other traditions, the flower sprang from the blood of Ajax.
See Sophocl. Ajax 430 (Lobeck) ; Ov. Met. xiii. 395, who combines
the two legends, and Virg. Eel. iii. 106. The hyacinth, we know, has no
such inscription on its leaves.

3 The nymph Arethusa, pursued by the river-god Alpheus, was
changed by Artemis into a stream, which, flowing beneath the sea, rose
again near Syracuse. See Virg. JEn. iii. 694 — 696. Virgil alludes to
the land of pastoral song, Sicily, under this name, Eel. xi., Extremum
hunc Arethusa rnihi, &c.

* A verse would seem to have slipped out here, which should have
made mention of Thracian Orpheus, and so have connected Strymon,
^agria, and the Bistones with this song. — The Dorian Orpheus. So
Propert. IV. i. 64, says of himself " Umbria Romani patria Callimachi."

5 A song of forgetfulness.] Compare Theocr. i. 63.

13 Kai vfara Saicpva yivro. " Et lachrymae in rivos abeunt." Briggs
suggests reading vSaoi. Et undis lachrymse obortse sunt. Comp. Bion
i. 34, Kai Tlayai rbv "AStaviv iv urttoi SaicpvovTi. Spenser, Shepherd's
Calendar, November,

The floods do gasp, for dried is their source,
And floods of tears flow in their stead perforce.

190 MOSCHUS. 30—51.

amid the rocks laments, because thou art mute, and mimics
no more thy lips ; and at thy death the trees have cast off
their fruit, and the flowers have all withered ; good milk hath
not flowed from ewes ; nor honey from hives ; hut it has
perished in the wax wasted with grief ; for no longer is it
meet, now that thy honey is lost, to gather that.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

7 Not so much did the dolphin lament beside the shores of
the sea, nor so sang the nightingale ever on the rocks, no, nor
so much complained the swallow along the high mountains,
8 neither did Ceyx wail so much over the griefs of Halcyon.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

Neither did Cerylus sing so much in the gray-green waves,
nor so much 9did the bird of Memnon, fluttering around his
tomb, deplore the son of Aurora in the valleys of the East, as
they have bewailed Bion, having perished.

Begin, Silician Muses, begin the lament.

Nightingales, and all swallows, which once he was wont to
delight, which he was teaching to speak, sitting on the branches
of trees, kept wailing opposite to each othei', whilst the other
birds kept responding, 'Grieve, ye doves, but we will do so too.'

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

7 The dolphin's delight in song, commemorated in the fable of Arion,
(Herod, i. 23 ; Pausan. iii. 25 ; Virg. Eel. viii. 54,) is applied by Moschus
here to the sorrow of all things for the hushing of Bion's song. For
traits of the dolphin's musical taste and benevolence, see Pliny, N. H.
ix. 8.

8 Ceyx perished by shipwreck, and his wife, finding his lifeless body on
the strand, threw herself into the sea. The gods in pity changed them
both into the birds called Halcyons. Ov. Met. xi. 410. Comp. Virg.
Georg. i. 399. KjjpvXoc, Att. KapwXoc, a sea-bird, according to some,
the male Halcyon. Aristot. H. A.

9 Mtfivovog opvtc- Aurora besought Jove to make her lover Tithonus
immortal. She forgot to stipulate for immortal youth. She therefore
had an infirm, though immortal, paramour. But while he was yet young,
she bore him two sons, of whom Memnon was one. Memnon was slain
at Troy by Achilles, and Aurora obtained from Jove a promise that his
memory should have more than mortal honours. Accordingly from his
funeral pyre there rose a flight of birds, which having thrice flown round
the flames, divided themselves into two bodies, and fought so fiercely,
that above half perished in the fire. These birds, called Memnonides,
yearly returned to Memnon's tomb, and renewed the encounter. See Ov.
Met. xiii., Terque rogum lustrant, et consonus exit in auras

Plangor.
See also Pliny, x. 36.

52—82. IDYLL HI. 191

Who shall sing to thy pipe, 0 thrice-regretted ? And who
shall apply his lip to thy reeds ? Who so bold ? For even
yet they breathe of thy lips and thy breath : and Echo amid
the reeds feeds upon thy songs. To Pan I bear 10the pipe :
haply even he would fear to set his mouth to it, lest he should
carry off a second prize after thee.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

11 Galatea too weeps for thy lay, she whom of old thou didst
delight, as she sat in thy company along the sea-beach. For
not like Cyclops didst thou sing : from him indeed the fair
Galatea used to fly; but thee she was wont to regard 12with
more sweetness than the sea. And now, forgetful of the
wave, she sits on the lonely sands, and even yet leads thy
oxen to pasture.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

All along with thee, O herdsman, have perished the Muses'
gifts, charming kisses of maidens, lips of boys : and around thy
tomb weep sad-visaged Loves. Venus loves thee far more
than the kiss, with which lately she kissed dying Adonis.
This is a second grief to thee, most musical of rivers ! This,
13 O Meles, is a fresh grief; to thy sorrow perished Homer
aforetime, that 14 sweet mouth of Calliope, and men say thou
didst deplore thine illustrious son in streams of much weeping,
and didst fill all the sea with thy voice : now again thou
weepest another son, and pinest over a fresh woe. Both were
beloved by the fountains ; the one indeed was wont to drink
of the Pegasean spring ; the other, to enjoy a draught of the
Arethusa. And the one sang the fair daughter of Tyndarus,
and the mighty son of Thetis, and Menelaus, son of Atreus :
but the other would sing not of wars, nor tears, but Pan ;
and would sound the praise of herdsmen, and feed the herd

10 Havi 0£po> TO [teXiyfta. fiiXiyfjia is equivalent to " fistula," the
effect for the cause. In Meleager's epigrams, as Wakefield observes,
Anacreon is called TO /^Xicrjua, that is, "auctor TOV p.t\iap.aTog."

11 The poet here alludes to Bion's Idyll on Galatea, a fragment only
of which is extant.

12 Compare Theocr. Idyll xi. 43 ; Virgil Eel. ix. 39.

13 Meles, a river of Ionia, washes the walls of Smyrna, where Bion
was born. Here also was supposed to have been the birth-place of
Homer : hence called Melesigenes.

14 Compare here Theocr. Idyll vii. 37, KOI yap syw Noiaav Kairvpbv
arofia —

192 MOSCHUS. 83—110.

as he sang : and he was wont to fashion Pan's-pipes, and to
milk the sweet heifer, and to teach the lips of youths, and to
cherish Eros in his bosom, 15and rouse a passion in Aphrodite.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

Every famous city laments thee, O Bion, as do all the
towns: 16Ascra indeed wails for thee, far more than for
Hesiod : not so much does Boeotian Hylae regret Pindar ; nor
so much did pleasant Lesbos weep about Alcaeus : no, nor hath
the Ceian town wept for her bard so much. Paros regrets
thee more than Archilochus ; and Mitylene yet plaintively
utters thy melody instead of Sappho's. All, as many as have
a clear-sounding voice, all singers of pastorals by the Muses'
favour, weep for thy fate, now thou art dead. n Sicelidas, the
glory of Samos, weeps ; and among the Cydonians, he who
was aforetime cheerful to look on with his smiling eye, Ly-
cidas, yet sheds tears as he wails : whilst among the citizens
of Cos, Philetas mourns beside the river Halens ; and among
Syracusans, Theocritus : but I sing for thee a strain of 18 Au-
sonian sorrow, /, no stranger to the pastoral song, but heir to the
Doric Muse, which thou didst teach thy scholars : honouring
me, to others indeed thou didst leave thy wealth, but to me
thy song.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

Alas, alas, when once in a garden the mallows have died, or
the green parsley, or blooming crisp dill, they live again after,
and spring up another year. But we, the great, and brave,
or wise of men, after we have once died, unheard of in hollow

15 icai ?/pt0e TO.V 'Atypodirav. Comp. Theocr. Idyll xxi. 21.

18 Ascra, a town of Bceotia, or according to Hesiod, who was its chief
glory, a village at the foot of Helicon in the Thespian region. O. et D.
638. — Hylso, a city of Bo30tia. Pindar was born either at Thebes or
Cynocephalae, B. c. 522. Alcseus, a native of Lesbos. Simonides, of Ceos,
B. c. 556. Archilochus, of Paros. See Theocr. Epigr. six. Sappho,
(of the same date with Alcseus, n. c. 628 — 570,) was one of the two
leaders of the ^Eolian school of poetry, Alcseus being the other. She
was a native of Mytilene.

17 SnetXt^ac- See Theocr. Idyll vii. 40. Lycidas : Theocr. vii. 12.
The Cydonians inhabited the south of Crete. Philetas : ibid. 40. Tpioiri-
Sais- Triops was a king of the island of Cos. Cf. Theocr. xvii. (18.
The river Halens is mentioned in the Thalysia referred to above.

18 AvffoviKag oSvvctQ. The Sicilian Sea was called Ausonius Pontus,
from Auson, a son of Ulysses and Calypso. Therefore as Moschus was
a Syracusan, he calls his song Ausonian.

111—128. IDYLL III. 193

earth, sleep a right long and boundless slumber, from which
none are roused.19 And in the earth thou indeed wilt be
covered in silence, but it has seemed good to the Nymphs that
the frog should croak for ever. Yet I envy him not : for
'tis no pretty song he sings.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

Poison came, O Bion, to thy lip : thou knewest poison.
How did it find access to thy lips, yet not become sweet ? or
what mortal was so far ruthless, as to mix for thee, or to give
thee the poison, if thou didst speak ? He shunned the power
of song.

Begin, Sicilian Muses, begin the lament.

But justice has overtaken all. And I, shedding tears over
this woe, bewail thy fate ; yet were I able, like 20 Orpheus,
having gone down to Tartarus, like Ulysses once, or as Al-
cides in days of yore, I too would haply descend to the home
of Pluto, that I might see thee, and, if thou singest to Pluto,
that I might hear what thou singest. Nay, but in the pre-
sence of the damsel (Proserpine) warble some Sicilian strain,
sing some pleasant pastoral. She too, being Sicilian, 21 sport-

19 Cf. Job xiv. 7 — 10, " There is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that
it will sprout again, and that the tender branch thereof will not cease.
Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the stock thereof die
in the ground ; yet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring
forth boughs like a plant. But man dieth, and wasteth away : yea, man
giveth up the ghost, and where is hel "

Spenser, Whence is it that the flow'ret of the field doth fade

And lyeth buried long in winter's bale *

Yet soon as spring his mantle hath displayed,

It flow'reth fresh, as it should never fail,

But thing on earth that is of most avail,

As virtue's branch and beauty's bud,

Reliven not for any good.
Catull., Soles occidere et redire possunt :

Nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux

Nox est perpetua una dormienda.

20 Alcides went alive to Tartarus by command : Odysseus, to obtain
information needful to him : but Orpheus went down to recover his wife.
His story is beautifully told in the fourth Georgic of Virgil. See also
Pope's Ode on St. Cecilia's Day. Chapman.

21 Proserpine, daughter of Ceres, was carried off by Pluto. The legend
is to be found in Hesiod Theog. 914 ; Callimach. H. in Cerer. 9, and
Spanheim, on that passage ; Ovid. Met. v. 565 ; Fast. iv. 422. Milton
alludes to it thus :

194 MOSCHTJS. 128—133.

ed on the JEtnsean shores, and knew the Doric song : nor will
thy strain be unhonoured ; and as of old to Orpheus, sweetly
singing to his lyre, she gave Eurydice to return, so will she
send thee, Bion, to thy hills. Yes, if even I could avail aught
by singing to my pipe, I too would sing before Pluto.

IDYLL IV.

MEGAKA, THE WIFE OF HERCULES.

MY mother, why dost thou thus wound thy spirit, being
sad beyond measure, and why is the former bloom no longer
preserved on thy cheeks ? Why, I pray thee, art thou vexed
so much ? Is it in sooth because thine illustrious son suffers
countless annoyances from l a man of no account, even as a lion
from a fawn ? Alas me ! why then have the immortal gods thus
so far dishonoured me ? why then did my parents beget me to
a fate thus adverse ? Ill-fated am I, Avho, since I have come
to the bed of a faultless hero, whom I did honour indeed like
my own eyes, ay, even now both worship and reverence him in
my heart. But than him has no other of living beings been
more ill-starred, or tasted so many cares in his own thoughts ;
wretched man, who with the 2bow and arrows, which Apollo
himself had provided for him, dire weapons either of one of

Not that fair field

Of Enna, where Proserpine, gathering flowers,
Herself a fairer flower, by gloomy Dis
Was gather'd, which cost Ceres all that pain
To seek her through the world ; nor that sweet grove
Of Daphne by Orontes, and th" inspired
Castalian spring, might with this Paradise
Of Eden strive. Parad. Lost. Book iv.

1 Eurystheus, to wit. Megara was the daughter of king Creon of
Thebes, and wife of Hercules, (Horn. Od. xi. 269. Eurip. Here. Fur. 9,
&c.,) by whom he had several children ; whom after his battle with the
Minyans he slew, with two of the children of Iphiclus, under the influ-
ence of madness sent by Juno.

2 ToZotoiv. By this name is understood, bow, arrows, and quiver.
•jraaa »/ ro£iK») aKtv)). Apollodorus says Mercury gave Hercules his
sword, Apollo his bow, Vulcan his mail, Minerva his cloak, whilst his
club he himself cut in the Nemean grove.

14—44. IDYLL IV. 195

the Fates, or of Erinnys, 3slew his own children, and robbed
them of their dear life, as he raged about his house, and it was
full of slaughter. Them indeed I, wretched ivoman, beheld
with mine own eyes, stricken by their father ; and this hath
befallen no other even in a dream : nor was I able to succour
them, though they loudly called upon their mother ; for re-
sistless evil was nigh. 4 And even as a bird laments over her
nestlings as they perish, which while still in infancy a fierce
snake devours amid the thick bushes, while she, kind mother,
hovers over them shrieking very shrilly, yet is not able, I
ween, to succour her children ; for in truth, she herself hath
a great dread of coming nigher to the ruthless monster ; so I,
most wretched mother, wailing for mine own offspring, with
frantic feet kept running to and fro through my house fre-
quently. Yes, and would that dying along with my children I
too had lain low, having through my heart a poisonous arrow,
thou, Artemis, mighty ruler to women, the gentler beings.
So, when they had mourned for us, would our parents with
their own hands have placed us on a common pile with many
funeral honours ; and having collected into one golden urn the
bones of all, would have buried us, where we first were born.
But now they indeed inhabit horse-breeding Thebes, plough-
ing the deep rich 5 clods of the Aonian plain ; but I at Tiryns,
Juno's rocky city, wretched woman that I am, am ever in the
same manner wounded at heart by many griefs ; and there is
present to me no rest from tears. But my husband indeed I
behold with mine eyes on7y for a brief space in our house ;
for a work is prepared for him of many labours, at which he
toils, as he roams over land and sea, yes, for he has within his

3 Eurip. Here. F. says that Megara was slain along with her children ;
he follows Stesichorus and Panyasis. Plutarch and Pausanias coincide
with Moschus.

4 Compare for this beautiful passage, Horn. II. ii. 308. Virg. Geor.
iv. 512,

Qualis populcA, mcerens Philomela sub umbra
Amissos queritur fetus ; quos durus arator
Observans nido implumes detraxit : at ilia
Flet noctem, ramoque sedens misevabile carmen
Integral, et mcestis late loca questibus implet.

5 Aonian plain.] Bceotia was by its ancient inhabitants called Aonia.
Tiryns, a town of Achaia, not far from Argos, was the native place of
Hercules, hence called Tirynthius.

o 2

196 MOSCHUS. 44—60.

breast a strong heart of iron or stone ; 6but thou meltest away
like water, weeping both at night, and as many days as come
from Jove. None other, however, of my kinsfolk can stand
by and comfort me ; for it is not a wall between houses that
shuts them in; no! but all dwell right beyond the 7piny
Isthmus : nor have I to whom, having looked, as an ill-fated
woman, I could unfold my heart, except at least, 'tis true, my
sister Pyrrha : but she herself, too, is grieving more about
her husband, thy son, 8 Iphiclus ; for most woeful children of
all I deem that you have borne both to a god and a mortal man.

Thus in sooth spake she : and 9the warmer tears poured
the more down from her eyelids on her lovely bosom, as she
called to mind her children, and her own parents afterwards.
And in like manner Alcmena was 10 bedewing her white
cheeks with tears ; and deeply while she groaned even from
her heart, with wise words thus did she reply to her dear
daughter-in-law :

11 'Unhappy in thy children, why then, I pray,- hath this
fallen upon thy sharp thoughts ? how is it that thou wishest
to disturb us both, by speaking of our unceasing sorrows ?
for not now have they been wept for the first time. Are not
the woes enough, in which we are involved as they arise, ever
and anon, each second day? Yes, fond indeed of laments

6 So the Hebrew sacred writers. Joshua vii. 5, "Wherefore the hearts
of the people melted, and became as water." Psalm xxii. 14, " I am
poured out like water : my heart also in the midst of my body is like
melting wax." Iviii. 6, " Let him fall away like water that runneth
apace."

7 The Isthmus Corinthiacus is here meant, icnr' it,o-%fiv. Pine trees
were common in that maritime country, and a garland of pine leaves
formed the victor's crown at the Isthmian games in honour of Neptune,
to whom the pine was sacred.

8 Iphiclus, the half-brother of Hercules, married, secondly. Pyrrha,
youngest daughter of Creon, king of Thebes. Apollod. ii. 4, $ 11, 0t<£ rt
KO.I avepi. Jupiter and Amphitryon.

9 Of the numerous emendations of the probably corrupt /ir/Xwj/, Wake-
field's /j.a\\ov seems most intelligible. Briggs suggests 5/j\o»c. If we
read the verse as it stands in Heskin's edition, juijXwv, we should con-
strue, " and moist tears were pouring down her cheeks from her eyelids
on her fair bosom ;" but this is hardly Greek.

10 Wakefield suggests here fp.ia.iviv, quoting Virg. ^En. xii. 67, Stat.
Theb. ix. 713, and Young's line, " And lights on lids unsullied with a
tear."

i'i; iraiSwv, rightly explained by Schwebel, KaKofiaipov TraicW

66—96. IDYLL IV. 197

would be the man, who 12 would wish to add to the number
of our woes. Cheer up then ! such fate as this we have met
by Heaven's behest; and in truth I see thee, dear child, la-
bouring under unabating griefs : yet I am ready to pardon
your woe ; for in fact I suppose 13even of joy there is satiety.
And I very exceedingly lament and pity thee, for that thou
hast partaken of our dismal destiny, which also hangs heavily
over our heads. For be Proserpine and richly-robed Demeter
witnesses, (by whom with great hurt to himself would any of
our foes swear wilfully a false oath,) that in mine heart I love
thee not a whit less, than if thou hadst come from out my
womb, and wert to me in mine house a 14 late-born daughter:
nor do I imagine that, for thine own part, this at any rate
altogether escapes thee. Wherefore say not ever, 15my young
shoot, that I care not for thee, not even if I wail more con-
stantly than fair-haired Niobe : for 'tis no cause of blame for
a mother to weep over an afflicted son : since for ten months
did I labour, before even I first beheld him, whilst I had him
in my womb, and lie brought me near to 16 Hell's gate-keeper
Pluto ; so severe throes did I endure when about to travail
hard with him. But now my son is gone to accomplish a
fresh toil on a foreign land, nor know I, ill-starred woman,
whether I shall welcome him again having returned hither,
or not. And besides also a fearful dream has scared me
during sweet sleep ; and I fear exceedingly, having seen a
hurtful vision, lest it betide something untoward to my chil-
dren. For my son, stout Hercules, seemed to me to hold in
both his hands a well-made spade, with which he was delving,

13 OTTIQ api9/jii)(rtiEv, understand a^ta, Qui numeret dolores ultra nos-
tros, or construe as if it were ovng iTrapiOfirjatiiv Ty/wrlpotc; a\kiaai,
which has been done in this translation. Two lines above, Polwhele
compares Matt. v. 34, " Sufficient for the day is the evil thereof."

13 " And if there is a satiety of joy, much more of grief." These
words are an excuse for sorrow finding vent. Moschus imitates Horn.
Iliad xiii. 636, Travrwvydp icopoe tori' KOI VTTVOV Kai 0iX6r?;rof

fjLo\Trr)q rt yXi>K«pj}£, teat apvpovoG bf)\r)QfJ.olo.

14 Tt]\vytrr] — i] TtKivraia r<jj Trarpl •ytvo^ievri : one born at the end,
last. An Homeric word, from rfj\c, of same root as rtXof ; and •yivop.ai.
See Butm. Lexil. p. 510—512. Ed. 1836.

15 ifiov 0aXo£. So Meleager Epigr. 109, at at, TTOV ro iroQuvbv tfioi
Qd\o£.

16 TrvXaprao. So Horn. II. viii. 365, tig 'A'i£o£ irtp lovra TrvXaprao,
Kpartpoio.

198 MOSCHUS. 96—125.

as one that had taken the work for hire, a dyke at the outskirt
of some flourishing field, stripped, without cloak, and well-
girdled tunic : but when he had arrived at the end of all the
work, labouring at the strong fence of a levelled plot for
vines, in truth, he was about, having placed his 17 shovel upon
the projecting raised bank, to put on the garments, in which
he had been clad .before ; when, on a sudden, above the deep
trench there blazed up a fierce fire, and a vast flame was
gathering round him : but he kept ever drawing back with
swift feet, desiring to escape the destructive weapon of He-
phgestus ; and continually in front of his person he was brand-
ishing, as a 1B shield, his spade : and with his eyes he kept
looking around hither and thither, lest in truth the hostile
fire should burn him. High-souled Iphiclus, desiring, as me-
thought, to lend him help, tripped and fell upon the ground,
ay, before he came up to him: nor could he raise himself erect
again, but lay 19 still, like a feeble old man, whom even against
his will joyless age has forced to fall ; and there he lies fixedly
on the ground, till some passer-by maintaining 20ancient re-
verence for the hoary beard, has upraised him by the hand ;
so on the ground had spear-brandishing Iphiclus 2I fallen.
But as I beheld my two sons in sore distress, I did weep, till
sound sleep at length was dispelled from mine eyes, and forth-
with bright dawn came. Such dreams, dear one, have
thoroughly affrighted my mind all nightlong: 22but may
they all turn from our house upon Eurystheus ; and may my
spirit become a prophet to him, nor fate accomplish otherwise
aught else.

K \iarpov, a hoe or shovel for levelling. Horn. Odyss. xxii. 455.
avcripov is used by Theocr. v. 93.

18 ytppov, an oblong wicker shield covered with ox-hide, such as the
Persians wore. Herod, vii. 61. See Thirlwall, H. of Greece, vol. ii. p.
255, note 1.

19 aortic, immobiliter. Theocr. Idyll xiii. 37, affrt/juptl TtXafiwvi,
Telamoni invicto.

20 otriBa Trportprjv voXiolo ytvfiov, for Trporspjjv, senilem, Valken.
reads OTvytpiijv, Jacobs KpaTtprjv or Kpvfprjv, Wakefield Tpopipfiv, while
Briggs suggests irpoirsrf], prostrate. But surely Trporepjjv, " elder " or
"ancient," will yield as good a sense as either.

21 \e\iaffTO. Horn. II. xx. 430, Xia^ojutvov Trpori yaiy.

22 irpbg Evpvadija TpairoTro. So Virg. Georg. iii. 513, Dii meliora
piis, erroremque hostibus ilium. ^En. ii. 190, Quod dii prius omen in
ipsum Convertant.

V. VI. IDYLLS. 199

IDYLL V.

THE CHOICE.

WHEN the breeze gently strikes the gray-green sea, 1 1 am
roused in my fearful mind, and no longer is land dear to me,

2 but the calm sea attaches me to it far more : but whensoever
the hoary deep has resounded, and the sea-water foams up

3 into an arch, and the waves rage afar, I look out for land
and trees, and flee the brine : and welcome to me is earth ;
then does the shady wood delight me, where though the
wind should blow violently, 4 yet the pine tree sings. Surely
a hard life lives the fisherman, whose house is his bark, the sea
his occupation, fish his slippery prey. But sweet to me is
sleep beneath a leafy plane, and I should love to hear the
sound of the fountain hard by, which, as it babbles, delights,
not alarms, the rustic.

IDYLL VI.

"LOVE THEM THAT LOVE YOU.''5

PAN loved his neighbour Echo, and Echo was 6 enamoured
of the frisky Satyr, while the Satyr was mad after Lyda :
as Echo Pan, so did the Satyr inflame Echo, and Lyda the

1 Animo timido ad navigandum sollicitor.

2 Troraya. Briggs suggests irtiQti Se, as does also Jacobs.

3 icvprbv, i. e. Kara TO icvprov, archedly. TO. St Kv^ara ^a/cpa,
Compare Horn. Iliad, iv. 422, and Virg. Georg. iii. 237,

Fluctus ut in medis caepit cum albescere ponto,
Longius ex altoque sinum trahit, utque volutus,
Ad terras immane sonat per saxa, nee ipso
Monte minor procumbit : at ima exaestuat unda
Vorticibus, nigramque altb subjectat arenam.

* a Tr'iTvg liSei. Cf. Theocr. Id. i. 1 ; Virg. Eclog. viii. 22,

Msenalus argutumque nemus, pinosque loquentes
Semper habet.

5 Heskin gives Theocr. Id. vi. 17, as the heading of this Idyll. Kat
QtvyEi tyi\tovra, KO.I ov <j>i\eovTu SIMKU. Horace, Od. I. xxxiii. 5,
Insignem tenui fronte Lycorida
Cyri torret amor : Cyrus in asperam
Declinat Pholoen, &c.

• j/pa and 7/paro. Theocr. (vii. 96) and Bion (vi. 8) have the same
variations of the form of this verb — SKipr^ra Sarypw. So V irg. Eel.
v. 73, Saltantes Satyros imitabitur Alphesibaeus.

200 MOSCHUS. VII.

Satyr : and love was smouldering in each in their turns.
For as strongly as any one of them hated the lover, so
strongly in like manner was he, loving, hated, and was suffer-
ing l a requital. These lessons speak I to all them that love
not, 2 ' Cherish them that love you, that if ye love, ye may
be loved again.'

IDYLL VII.

ALPHEUS.

3ALPHEUs, when he glides along the sea, past Pisa, comes
to Arethusa, bringing his waters 4 laden with wild-olives,
bearing as a dower fair leaves and flowers and sacred dust ;
and he enters the waves deeply and runs in under the sea
beneath, and water mingles not with waters ; and the sea is
not conscious of it, as the river passes through. Love, knavish
boy, plotter of ill, teacher of fearful things, has taught through
his spell even a river to dive.

AN EPIGRAM

OX EROS PLOUGHING.

5 HAVING laid aside torch and bow, mischievous Eros took
up an ox-goad, and he had a wallet slung-on-his-shoulders ;

1 7raa\s S' a Troifi, is another reading; but aTroiva, which has good
authority, is more elegant.

8 Cf. Theocr. xxiii. verse the last. Shelley has translated this Idyll.
See notes to Chapman's translation.

3 The legend of Arethusa ran thus: Heated with the chase, she bathed
in the Alpheus ; and while so engaged, frightened by a strange murmur
in the stream, she sprang to the shore in terror. The river-god pursued
her through all Arcadia, where at eventide, feeling her strength fast
failing, she called Artemis to aid, by whom she was changed into a foun-
tain. Alpheus, resuming his watery form, would fain mingle his stream
with hers. But she fled under the earth through the sea, till she rose
again in Arcadia, followed by Alpheus still. The Greeks believed that
offerings thrown into the Alpheus at Elis rose again at Ortygia near
Syracuse. See Pausan. v. 7, § 2 ; Ov. Met. v. 572 ; Virg. ^En. iii. 694, &c.

4 Compare Sil. Hal. xiv.,

Hie Arethusa suum piscoso fonte receptat
Alphaeum, sacrae portantem signa coronae.

5 Grotius has rendered this Epigram into Latin :

3—6. FRAGMENT. 201

and having joined under the yoke the toil-enduring necks
of oxen, he sowed the furrow of Ceres, that it should bear
grain. And looking up he said to Jove himself, ' ' Make full
the sown fields, lest I place thee, Europa's bull, under the
plough.'

FRAGMENT.

2 WOULD that my sire had taught me to tend fleecy sheep,
in which case, seated beneath the elms, or under the rocks,
playing on my pipes, I would solace ray cares with reeds. Let
us fly, ye Pierides : seek we another well-built city for our
country ; yet in sooth I will speak out to all, that ruinous
drones have harmed the honey-bees.

Rus petiit positis arcu facibusque Cupido :

Virga manu ; tergo pendula pera fuit.
Hoc habitu sulcos glebae Cerealis arabat

Gnavus, agens domitos sub juga curva boves :
Respiciensque Jovem : terras, ait, ignibus ure,

Ne bos Europse tu quoque factus ares.

1 irXfiaov, others read Trpfjaov, which Grotius seems to have preferred.
Why, it is hard to see.

- Wakefield suggests, that these lines have suggested Virgil's passage
in the mouth of Gallus, Eel. x.,

Atque utinam ex vobis unus, vestrique fuissem
Aut custos gregis, aut maturoc vinitor uvse.

THEOCRITUS,

BION, AND MOSCHUS,

METRICALLY TRANSLATED

BY M. J. CHAPMAN, M. A.,

OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.

THEOCRITUS.

IDYLL I.

THYESIS THE SHEPHERD, AND THE GOATHERD.
THYRSIS.

SWEET is the music which the whispering pine
Makes to the murmuring fountains ; sweet is thine,
Breathed from the pipe : the second prize thy due —
To Pan, the horned ram ; to thee, the ewe ;
And thine the yearling, when the ewe he takes —
A savoury mess the tender yearling makes.

GOATHERD.

Sweeter thy song than yonder gliding down

Of water from the rock's o'erhanging crown ;

If a ewe-sheep for fee the Muses gain,

Thou, shepherd ! shalt a stall-fed lamb obtain ;

But if it rather please the tuneful Nine

To take the lamb, the- ewe shall then be thine.

THYRSIS.

O wilt thou, for the Nymphs' sake, goatherd ! fill
Thy pipe with music on this sloping hill,
Where grow the tamarisks ? wilt sit, dear friend,
And play for me, while I thy goats attend ?

GOATHERD.

We must not pipe at noon in any case ;

For then Pan rests him, wearied from the chase.

Him, quick to wrath we fear, as us befits ;

On his keen nostril sharp gall ever sits.

But thou — to thee the griefs of Daphnis known,

And the first skill in pastoral song thine own —

Come to yon elm, into whose shelter deep

Afront Priapus and the Naiads peep —

206 THEOCRITUS.

Where the thick oaks stand round the shepherd's seat

There, sitting with me in that cool retreat,

If thou wilt sing, as when thou didst contest

With Libyan Chromis which could sing the best,

Thine, Thyrsis, this twin-bearing goat shall be,

That fills two milk-pails thrice a-day for me ;

And this deep ivy-cup with sweetest wax

Bedewed, twin-eared, that of the graver smacks.

Around its lips lush ivy twines on high,

Sprinkled with drops of bright cassidony ;

And as the curling ivy spreads around,

On every curl the saffron fruit is found.

With flowing robe and Lydian head-dress on,

Within, a woman to the life is done —

An exquisite design ! on either side

Two men with flowing locks each other chide,

By turns contending for the woman's love,

But not a whit her mind their pleadings move.

One while she gives to this a glance and smile,

And turns and smiles on that another while.

But neither any certain favour gains —

Only their eyes are swollen for their pains.

Hard by, a rugged rock and fisher old,

Who drags a mighty net, and seems to hold,

Preparing for the cast : he stands to sight,

A fisher putting forth his utmost might.

A youth's strength in the gray-head seems to dwell,

So much the sinews of his neck outswell.

And near that old man with his sea-tanned hue,

With purple grapes a vineyard shines to view.

A little boy sits by the thorn-hedge trim,

To watch the grapes — two foxes watching him :

One through the ranges of the vines proceeds,

And on the hanging vintage slyly feeds ;

The other plots and vows his scrip to search,

And for his breakfast leave him — in the lurch.

Meanwhile he twines and to a rush fits well

A locust trap with stalks of asphodel ;

And twines away with such absorbing glee,

Of scrip or vines he never thinks — not he !

The juicy curled acanthus hovers round

IDYLL I. 207

Th' jEolian cup — when seen a marvel found.
Hither a Calydonian skipper brought it,
For a great cheese-cake and a goat I bought it ;
Untouched by lip — this cup shall be thy hire,
If thou wilt sing that song of sweet desire.
I envy not : begin ! the strain outpour ;
'Twill not be thine on dim Oblivion's shore.

TIIYRSIS.

Begin, dear Muses ! the bucolic strain ;
For Thyrsis sings, your own JEtnean swain.
Where were ye, Nymphs ! when Daphnis pined away,
Where through his Ternpe Peneus loves to stray,
Or Pindus lifts himself ? Ye were not here —
Where broad Anapus flows or Acis clear,
Or where tall JEtna looks out on the main.

Begin, dear Muses ! the bucolic strain.
From out the mountain-lair the lions growled,
Wailing his death — the wolves and jackals howled.

Begin, dear Muses ! the bucolic strain :
Around him in a long and mournful train,
Sad-faced, a number of the horned kind,
Heifers, bulls, cows, and calves, lamenting pined.

First Hermes from the mountain came and said,
" Daphnis, by whom art thou disquieted ?
For whom dost thou endure so fierce a flame ?"

Then cowherds, goatherds, shepherds, thronging came,
And asked what ailed him. E'en Priapus went,
And said : " Sad Daphnis, why this languishment ?
In every grove, by fountains, far and near,
Thee the loved girl is seeking every where.
Ah, foolish lover ! to thyself unkind,
Miscalled a cowherd, with a goatherd's mind !
The goatherd when he sees his goats at play,
Envies their wanton sport and pines away.
And thou at sight of virgins, when they smile,
Dost look with longing eyes and pine the while,
Because with them the dance thou dost not lead."

No word he answered, but his grief did feed,

208 THEOCRITUS.

And brought to end his love, that held him fast,
And only ended with his life at last.

Then Cypris came — the queen of soft desire,
Smiling in secret, but pretending ire,
And said : "To conquer love did Daphnis boast,
But, Daphnis ! is not love now uppermost ?"
Her answered he : " Thou cruel sorrow-feeder !
Curst Cypris ! mankind's hateful mischief-breeder !
'Tis plain my sun is set : but I shall show
The blight of love in Hades' house below.
' Where Cypris kiss'd a cowherd ' — men will speak —
Hasten to Ida ! thine Anchises seek.
Around their hives swarmed bees are humming here,
Here the low galingale — thick oaks are there.
Adonis, the fair youth, a shepherd too,
Wounds hares, and doth all savage beasts pursue.
Go ! challenge Diomede to fight with thee —
' I tame the cowherd Daphnis, fight with me.'

" Ye bears, who in the mountain hollows dwell,
Ye tawny jackals, bounding wolves, farewell !
The cowherd Daphnis never more shall rove
In quest of you through thicket, wood, and grove.
Farewell, ye rivers, that your streams profuse
From Thymbris pour ; farewell, sweet Arethuse !
I drove my kine — a cowherd whilom here —
To pleasant pasture, and to water clear.
Pan ! Pan ! if seated on a jagged peak
Of tall Lycseus now ; or thou dost seek
The heights of Maenalus — leave them awhile,
And hasten to thy own Sicilian isle.
The tomb, which e'en the gods admire, leave now —
Lycaon's tomb and Helice's tall brow.
Hasten, my king ! and take this pipe that clips,
Uttering its honey breath, the player's lips.
For even now, dragged downward, must I go,
By love dragged down to Hades' house below.
Now violets, ye thorns and brambles bear !
Narcissus now on junipers appear !
And on the pine-tree pears ! since Daphnis dies,
To their own use all things be contraries !

IDYLL II. 209

The stag trail hounds ; in rivalry their song
The mountain owls with nightingales prolong ! "

He said, and ceased : and Cypris wished, indeed,
To raise him up, but she could not succeed ;
His fate-allotted threads of life were spent,
And Daphnis to the doleful river went.
The whirlpool gorged him — by the Nymphs not scorned.
Dear to the Muses, and by them adorned.

Cease ! cease, ye Muses ! the bucolic strain.
Give me the cup and goat that I may drain
The pure milk from her ; and, for duty's sake,
A due libation to the Muses make.
All hail, ye Muses ! hail, and favour me,
And my hereafter song shall sweeter be.

GOATHERD.

Honey and honey-combs melt in thy mouth,
And figs from .^Egilus ! for thou, dear youth,
The musical cicada dost excel.
Behold the cup ! how sweetly doth it smell !
' Twill seem to thee as though the lovely Hours
Had newly dipt it in their fountain-showers.
Hither, Cisssetha ! milk her ! yearling friskers,
Forbear — behold the ram's huge beard and whiskers !

IDYLL II.

THE SORCERESS.

WHERE are the laurels ? where the philters ? roll
The finest purple wool around the bowl.
Quick ! Thestylis, that I with charms may bind
The man I love, but faithless and unkind.
This is the twelfth day he my sight hath fled,
And knows not whether I be quick or dead ;
The tAvelfth day since he cross'd my threshold o'er,
Nor, cruel ! once hath knocked upon my door,
In all that time. His fancy, apt to change,
Cypris and Love have elsewhere made to range.

210 THEOCRITUS.

I'll go — to see and chide him for my sorrow —
To Timagetus' wrestling-school to-morrow.
Now will I charm him with the magic rite :
Come forth, thou Moon ! with thy propitious light ;
Cold, silent goddess ! at this witching hour
To thee I'll chant, and to th' Infernal Power,
Dread Hecate ; whom, coming through the mounds
Of blood-swoln corses, flee the trembling hounds.
Hail, Hecate ! prodigious demon, hail !
Come at the last, and make the work prevail ;
That this strong brewage may perform its part
No worse than that was made by Circe's art,
By bold Medea, terrible as fair,
Or Perimeda of the golden hair.

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
First in the fire is burnt the barley meal ;
Quick ! Thestylis, quick ! sprinkle more — yet more ;
Wretch ! wither do thine idle fancies soar ?
Am I thy scorn and mock ? sprinkle and say —
" The bones of Delphis thus I shred away."

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
Delphis has made me fiercest tortures feel ;
I burn the laurel over Delphis now:
As crackles loud the kindled laurel bough,
Blazes, and e'en its dust we not discern —
So may the flesh of Delphis dropping burn !

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
As by the help divine, which I appeal,
I melt this wax, may Myndian Delphis melt !
As whirls this wheel, may he, love's impulse felt,
At my forsaken door be made to reel !

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
Bran now I offer : thou, Queen Artemis !
Canst move aught firm, e'en Adamantine Dis.
Hark ! the dogs howl ; the goddess now doth pass
The cross-roads through : ring, ring the sounding brass !

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
The sea is silent ; not a breath doth steal

IDYLL II. 211

Over the stillness ; but the troubled din
Of passion is not hushed my heart within ;
I burn for him, who hath defamed my life,
Undone a virgin, made me not his wife.

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
Thrice the libation poured, I thrice unseal
My lips, August One ! thrice these words I speak ;
Whoever lies with Delphis, cheek by cheek,
May he forget her so much as they say
Theseus forgot, and left in Dia's bay
The bright-haired Ariadne — fast away
Sailing from Dia with his rapid keel.

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
A little herb in Arcady there grows,
Which colts and mares doth strangely discompose,
(Hence called Hippomanes) ; for this they skurry
O'er mountain-ranges with a frantic hurry :
Thus from the wrestling-school, all bright with oil,
May Delphis madly rush — with thoughts that boil ;
May he for me this maddening passion feel !

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
This fringe he dropt, that ran his cloak across,
I tear, and to the furious fire I toss.
Ah, love ! ah, cruel love ! why dost outsuck
All of my blood, like marsh-leech firmly stuck ?

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
A draught whose ill none antidote can heal
From a bruised lizard I'll to-morrow make :
Now, Thestylis, this poisonous brewage take,
And smear his threshold — there my mind must be,
As thereto bound ; but he cares not for me :
And having smeared the door-way, spitting there,
Then say, " The bones of Delphis thus I smear."

Him hither, hither draw, my magic wheel !
How, left alone, shall I with sorrow deal ?
Or where begin with my grief-plighted thought ?
Who first on me this love — this mischief brought ?
Anaxo came, on whom it fell this year
The basket to Diana's grove to bear :
p 2

212 THEOCRITUS.

She came for me and told me, in the show
'Mid many a beast a lioness would go.

Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :
Theucharila, whose life did lately end,
My Thracian nurse, now numbered with the blest,
Came also to me, prayed me, strongly prest
To go and look upon the splendid show.
At last I went — ah, doomed to bitter woe !
My linen tunic, never worn before,
And Clearista's glistering robe I wore.

Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :
Whilst I along the public road did wend,
Midway by Lycon's house, I saw, alas !
Delphis and youthful Eudamippus pass.
The beards of both were of a yellower dye
Than the bright gold-bedropt cassidony.
Twain wrestlers, lately breathed, their breasts, bright Queen !
Outshone the sparkles of thy golden sheen.

Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :
I saw, loved, maddened ! raging love did rend
My very soul ; my bloom of beauty bright
Withered at once as by a sudden blight :
The pomp I saw not passing in my view,
And how I reached my home I never knew ;
A fiery torment on my vitals fed ;
Ten days and nights I lay upon my bed.

Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :
Such hues and juices of the thapsus lend
Gloomed on my cheek ; off dropt my crown of hair ;
I was but skin and bones ; in my despair
Whom sought I not ? what magic-dealing crone
Consulted not ? but I found help from none :
On hastened time, that brings all things to end.

Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :
Then to my hand-maid I revealed my mind ;
" Some remedy for my sore sickness find ;
I pine for, dote upon, the Myndian youth,
Am altogether his in very sooth ;
At Timagetus' school watch, bring him me,

IDYLL II.

For there he visits — there he loves to be.
And when you see him from the rest apart,
Then nod and softly whisper him, ' Sweetheart !
Simsetha calls you ' — guide him here, my friend."

Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :
She went and found the remedy I sought,
And to my house the blooming Delphis brought.
But when I saw him o'er my threshold-sill
Pass with light foot, I sudden grew more chill
Than wintry snow ; and from my forehead burst
Sweat like the dew the melting South hath nurst ;
I could not utter — e'en the murmur fine
That sleeping infants to their mothers whine ;
Senseless I stiffened in my strange affright,
Like a wax-doll, the girl-child's dear delight.

Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :
The heartless minion first on me did bend
His eager eyes, then sitting on the bed
He turned them on the ground, and softly said : —
" In calling me before I came self-moved,
Thou hast as much outpast me, my beloved,
As I did lately with swift foot out-pace
The beautiful Philinus in the race." —

(Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :)
" For, by sweet Eros ! with a second friend,
Or with a third, I should have come to-night,
Bringing sweet apples, crowned with poplar white,
Careful the wreath with purple stripes to blend : "

(Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :)
"Had you received me — well ; for me, 'mid all,
The handsome, active bachelor they call ;
A kiss from those rich lips, that sweetly pout,
Had been enough ; but had you shut me out,
And your barred doors had interposed delay,
Axes and torches then had forced a way."

(Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :)
" To Cypris first in gratitude I bend,
Thou, next to her, hast snatched me from the fire,
In calling me half burnt with fierce desire ;

214 THEOCRITUS.

For Eros oft a fiercer flame awakes

Than those Sicilian fires Hephasstus makes.'

(Whence grew my love, divinest Moon ! attend :)
" He from her bed the virgin oft doth send,
Stung by his furies ; and the new-made bride
Scares from the warm couch and her husband's side.'

These words he spoke ; but I with credulous mind
Held his dear hand, and on the bed reclined :
Our bodies did by touching warmer grow,
And on our cheeks there came a hotter glow :
Sweetly we whispered ; and, in short, dear Moon !
By Eros fired, we gained Cythera's boon.
Nor any blame on me could Delphis lay,
Nor haply I on him — 'till yesterday.
I only learned to-day his yester ill :
While yet up-prancing the high eastern hill,
Her fiery-footed steeds from ocean's dew
With rosy-armed Aurora upward flew,
There came the mother of the festive pair,
Sweet-voiced Philista and Melixo fair,
And told me : — " Delphis loves elsewhere, I know,
But whom I know not ; yet enamoured so,
That from the banquet suddenly he fled,
To hang his lady's house with flowers, he said."
My old friend told me this, and told me truth :
For twice or thrice a day once came my youth,
And often left his Dorian pyx with me ;
This the twelfth day since him I last did see.
Has he forgot me for another love ?
With philters will I try his soul to move ;
But if he still will grieve, betray me, mock,
He shall, by fate ! the door of Hades knock.
That chest has drugs shall make him feel my rage ;
The art I learned from an Assyrian sage.
Thy steeds to ocean now, bright Queen, direct ;
What I have sworn to do I will effect.
Farewell, clear Moon ! and skyey cressets bright,
That follow the soft-gliding wheels of Night.

IDYLL III.

AMARYLLIS.

I GO to serenade my charming fair,

Sweet Amaryllis ; Tityrus, to your care

I leave my goats, that on the mountain feed ;

But of yon Libyan tawny ram take heed,

Lest with his horn he butt you ; careful tend,

And to the fountain drive them, heart-dear friend !

Sweet Amaryllis ! why dost thou no more,
Peeping from out thy cavern as before,
Espy and call to thee thy little lover ?
Dost hate me ? or do I myself discover
Flat-nosed, or with a length of chin, when near ?
Thy scorn will make me hang myself, I swear.
Behold, ten apples, nymph ! I bring for thee,
Plucked from the place where thou didst order me
To pluck them ; others will I bring^ to-morrow.
Consider now my heart-devouring sorrow :
Oh ! that I were a little humming bee,
To pass through fern and ivy in to thee,
Where in thy cave thou dost thyself conceal I
I now know love — a grievous god to feel ;
He surely sucked a savage lioness,
Reared in the wild, who works me such distress,
Eating into the marrow of the bone.
O sweet in aspect ! altogether stone !
Nymph ! with thine eye-brows of a raven hue,
Clasp me, that I may suck the honey-dew
From off thy lip : mere kisses yield some joy.
Now wilt thou make me the sweet crown destroy,
This wreath of ivy which for thee I brought,
With rose-buds and with parsley sweet inwrought.
Ah me ! what shall I do ? I plead in vain —
Thou hearest not : I'll plunge into the main,
My jerkin stript, where Olpis sits on high,
Watching the tunnies. Should I even die,

216 THEOCRITUS.

'Twill please thee. This the sign I lately found,
For the struck pop-bell gave me back no sound,
(When by that proof thy doubtful love I tried,)
But withering on my elbow shrunk and dried.
Agraeo, the diviner by the sieve,
Forewarned me also what I now believe,
(Binding the sheaves, the reapers followed she,)
That I loved wholly one who loved not me.
A white twin-bearing goat, which the brunette,
Old Memnon's child, Erithacis, would get
By wheedling from me, I have kept as thine ;
But since thou scornest me with airs so fine,
It shall be hers. A throbbing, I declare,
In my right eye — shall I behold my fair ?
My ditty, leaning on this pine, I'll chant ;
She'll haply look, since she's not adamant.

When in the race, mistrustful of his knees,
To win the virgin ran Hippomenes ;
Three golden apples in his hand he took,
And Atalanta could not help but look —
She saw, and maddened instant at the sight,
And rushed into the gulf of love outright.
The seer Melampus from Mount Othrys drove
The stolen herd to Pylos. Thence did Love
His brother Bias crown — for in his arms
Alphesibzea's mother lodged her charms.
Did not Adonis, the fair shepherd youth,
So madden Cypris that for very ruth,
E'en when she had received his dying gasp,
She could not bear to loose him from her clasp ?
Thrice blest, methinks, was that Endymion,
Now laid asleep ; thrice blest lasion,
Who in his life did those sweet joys obtain,
Of which ye must not, shall not hear, profane !

How my head aches ! my anguish doth not move thee ;
I'll sing no more, and since in vain I love thee,
Here will I lie— me here the wolves shall eat ;
'Twill be to thee like melting honey sweet.

IDYLL IV.

THE HERDSMEN ; OR, BATTUS AND CORYDON.
BATTUS.

WHOSE are these kine ? Philondas's, my friend ?

CORYDON.
No — jEgon's, and he gave them me to tend.

BATTUS.
Do you not milk them privily at eve ?

CORYDON.

I could not the old man's quick eyes deceive ;
And her own calf he puts to every one.

BATTUS.
But whither has the master cowherd gone ?

CORYDON.

Have you not heard ? with JEgon by his side,
Milon has gone where Alpheus loves to glide.

BATTUS.
When did e'er JEgon see th' Olympian oil ?

CORYDON.

In strength for every feat of manly toil,
They say he is a match for Hercules.

BATTUS.

My mother said, believe her if you please,
That I surpassed e'en Pollux.

CORYDON.

Hence he hied,
Taking a spade, and twenty sheep beside.

BATTUS.

Nor needed much persuasion^ I engage,
JEgon to wrestle — and the wolf to rage.

CORYDON.

His lowing heifers for their master pine.

BATTUS.

They have a worthless keeper — wretched kine !

CORYDON.
Poor creatures ! they no longer wish to feed.

218 THEOCRITUS.

BATTTJS.

Here is a calf but skin and bones indeed —
Like a cicada, does she feed on dew ?

CORYDON.

Not she, by Earth ! but whiles the fodder new
Eats from my hand ; or else with us she goes,
Cropping the verdant bank, where JEsar flows ;
Or up Latymnus bounds away at will,
Frisking along the thickly wooded hill.

BATTUS.

How lean that red bull is ! just such another
May Lampra have to offer to the mother
Of Mars ! it is a tribe compact of ill.

CORYDON.

Yet at the lake-mouth he doth take his fill,
Browses on Physcus, or at times doth go
Where the sweet waters of Netethus flow ;
There the best herbs are freshened by the shower.
Wild thyme, and fleabane, and the honey-flower.

BATTUS.

Ah, wretched JEgon ! thy poor kine will die,
Whilst thou dost aim at evil victory.
Even the pipe, which thou didst whilom make,
Lying neglected, doth defilement take.

CORYDON.

No ! by the Nymphs ! he gave it me the day

When he to glorious Pisa went away.

The songs of Pyrrhus and dear Glauca's lays

I know to sing, and Croton love to praise.

Fair is Zacynthus ; lovely ever shone

To the bright east up-heaved Lacinion,

Where the bold boxer .^Egon at a meal

Ate eighty cakes ; where from the mountain's heel

He seized and dragged a proud bull by the hoof,

And gave it Amaryllis ; then aloof

Shouted the women, and the cowherd smiled.

BATTUS.

Sweet Amaryllis ! though by death defiled,
Thee shall I ne'er forget : dear to my heart
As are my frisking goats, thou didst depart.
To what a lot was I, unhappy, born !

IDYLL V. 219

CORYDON.

Take heart ; there will be yet a brighter morn.
While there is life there's hope ; the dead, I ween,
Are hopeless. One while Zeus shines out serene,
Another while is hid in mist and shower.

BATTUS.

I do take heart. But see ! yon calves devour
The olive branches : pelt them off, I pray ;
Confound the calves ! you white-skin thief, away !

CORYDON.

Hist ! to the hill, Cymrctha ! don't you hear ?
If you don't get away, by Pan ! I swear
I will so give it you ! now only look !
She comes again — I wish I had my crook !

BATTUS.

Here, Corydon ! a thorn has wounded me —
How long and sharp these distaff-thistles be !
Confound the calf ! gaping at her I got
The wound : under the ankle — see you not ?

CORYDON.

Ay ! I have hold of it ; see ! here it is !

BATTUS.
How small a wound tames man so tall as this !

CORYDON.

Unshod you must not on the mountain go ;
For on the mountain thorns and prickles grow.

IDYLL V.

THE WAYFARERS, OR COMPOSERS OF PASTORALS.

Comatas and Lacon.

COMATAS.

LACON my goat-skin filched ; by timely flight
Avoid, my goats ! the thievish Sybarite.

LACON.

Lambs ! from the fountain, do you not perceive
Comatas, who my pipe did lately thieve ?

220 THEOCRITUS.

COMATAS.

What sort of pipe ? when, slave of Sybaris !
Didst own a pipe ? are you not fain to hiss
Still through a pipe of straw with Corydon ?

LACON.

'Twas Lycon's gift, good freeman ! worthy one !
From you when and what sort of skin stole I ?
Your master has not one whereon to lie.

COMATAS.

The gift of Crocylus, when late he gave
The Nymphs a goat in sacrifice : you, slave
Did steal my spotted skin from envy sheer.

LACON.

No ! no ! by the shore-guarding Pan I swear —
Or from that rock into the waters deep
Of rapid Crathis may I madly leap !

COMATAS.

Nor, by the Nymphs, the guardians of the lake,

Did ever I the pipe of Lacon take —

So may the Nymphs look kindly to my weal.

LACON.

If I believe you, be it mine to feel
The griefs of Daphnis ! will you stake a kid,
(It is none enterprise to men forbid,)
And I'll out-sing you, till you cry " Enough ! "

COMATAS.

Athene challenged by a sow of scruff !
Here is my kid, which, when you beat me, take ;
A lamb, fat from the pasture, be your stake.

LACON.

How is this fair ? in this you are no fool ;
Who ever thought of shearing hair for wool,
Or passed a goat to milk a sorry bitch ?

COMATAS.

Who has for conquest a prevailing itch,
Like you conceited, is a wasp that rings
His buzzing horn when the cicada sings.
But since my kid seems insufficient stake,
Behold this ram ! at once the song awake.

LACON.

Softly ! you are not walking over fire :

IDYLL V. 221

Here you may sing whate'er your muse inspire
More sweetly in this grove, beneath the shade
Of the wild olive ; here a couch is laid
Of softest herbage ; locusts babble here ;
Cool water flows a little onward tLere.

COMATAS.

I'm cool — but feel annoyance at your daring

To look at me, yourself with me comparing,

Who taught you when. a boy. What thanks one gains !

Rear a wolf-whelp — to rend you for your pains !

LACON.

Envious and shameless babbler ! any thing
Learnt, heard 1 from you worth remembering ?
Come hither, now, and learn from your defeat
No more with pastoral singers to compete.

COMATAS.

Not thither — here are oaks and galingale ;
And round their hives the bees, soft-humming, sail ;
Two springs of coolest water murmur near ;
A deeper shade and singing birds are here ;
And from aloft her nuts the pine-tree throws.

LACON.

On fleece and lambskins here your may repose,
Softer than sleep ! your goat-skins smell more ill —
E'en than yourself. I for the Nymphs will fill
A bowl of white milk, of sweet oil an urn.

COMATAS.

On flowering pennyroyal and soft fern
You here may tread ; on skins of kids lie down
Softer than lambskins. I to Pan will crown
Eight jars of white milk, and as many more
Of honeycombs with honey running o'er.

LACON.

Each from his place pour out his rival strain ;
Keep to your oaks, and I will here remain.
But who shall judge between us ? How I wish
The herdsman, good Lycopas, with us —
COMATAS.

Pish !

I want him not : but, if you please, we'll cry,
And summon to us yonder man doth tie

222 THEOCRITUS.

The broom in bundles near you. What dost say ?
"Tis Morson.

LACON.
I'm agreed.

COMAIAS.

Then bawl away.
LACON.

Ho ! Morson ! hasten hither, and decide
Which sings the best — a wager to be tried
With you for judge : only impartial be !

COMATAS.

Now, by the Nymphs ! nor favour him nor me.
Thurian Sybartas owns the sheep in sight ;
The goats Eumaras claims — the Sybarite.

LACON.

You good-for-nothing babbler ! answer this,

Who asked you whose the sheep were, mine or his ?

COMATAS.

I vaunt not, and I speak the simple truth ;
But you are very scurrilous, in sooth.

LACON.

Sing — if you have a song : don't kill with babble
Our friend here ; by Apollo ! how you gabble !

COMATAS.

Me more than Daphnis love the Muses true :
Two yearling kids to them I lately slew.

LACON.

Apollo loves me much ; for him I rear
A goodly ram — his festival is near.

COMATAS.

I milk my goats, twin-bearing all but twain :

A sweet girl cries, " Why milk alone, fond swain ?"

LACON.

Some twenty baskets Lacon fills with cheese,
And gets him kisses wheresoe'er he please.

COMATAS.

Me with sweet apples Clearista pelts,
While round her lips a honey-murmur melts.

LACON.

On me a blooming beauty fondly dotes,
Round whose white neck the hair bright-shining floats.

IDYLL V. 223

COMATAS.

With the screened garden-roses cannot vie
The common dog-rose, nor anemony.

LACON.

The mountain-apples most delicious are —

Who crabbed beech-nuts would with them compare ?

COMATAS.

I for my love will snare, and give to her
A ring-dove brooding on a juniper.

LACON.

Wool for a mantle will I give my dear,
Soon as my sober-suited sheep I shear.

COMATAS.

From the wild-olive, bleaters ! feed at will,
Where grow the tamarisks, on this sloping hill.

LACON.

Off from that oak Cyna3tha and Conarus !
Feed eastward — yonder where you see Phalarus.

COMATAS.

A cypress milk-pail for my girl I have,
And bowl — which old Praxiteles did grave.

LACON.

A hound, wolf-strangling keeper of the sheep,
A faithful guardian, for my love I keep.

COMATAS.

Locusts, that overleap my fences, spare

My vines — their shoots yet weak and tender are.

LACON.

Cicadas ! see this goatherd I provoke :
So to their toil ye wake the reaping folk.

COMATAS.

I hate the bush-tailed foxes — nightly troop,
That Mycon's vineyard, grape-devouring, swoop.

LACON.

I hate the scarabs — air-borne host, that mow
Philonda's fig-trees, fig-devouring foe.

COMATAS.

Do you remember when I smote you, fellow,
How you did wriggle round the oak, and bellow ?

LACON.

No ! but I do remember when with scourge
Eumaras did your peccant humours purge.

224 THEOCRITUS.

COMATAS.

Some one, my Morson, into rage is dashing ;

Go ! from the tomb pluck gray squills — for a lashing.

LACON.

I too prick some one, Morson ; do you take ?
Hasten to Hales ; and for sowbread rake.

COMATAS.

Flow Himera with milk, and Crathis flow-
Purple with wine ! and fruit on cresses grow !

LACON.

Fountain of Sybaris, to honey turn,

And fill with honeycombs the maiden's urn !

OOMATAS.

On goat's-rue feed, my goats, and cytisus ;
On lentisk tread, and lie on arbutus !

LACON.

Of the rose-eglantine there blooms a heap,
And eke the honey-flower — to feed my sheep.

COMATAS.

Alcippe for my ring-dove gave no kiss,
Holding my ears — I love her not for this.

LACON.

I love my love because a sweet lip paid
With kisses for my pipe — the gift I made.

COMATAS.

Nor whoop the swan, nor jay the nightingale
May rival ; still you challenge, still to fail.

MORSON.

Cease, shepherd ! Morson gives the lamb to thee,
Comatas ; fail not to remember me,
And let my portion of the flesh be nice,
When to the Nymphs you make your sacrifice.

COMATAS.

By Pan ! I'll send it. Snort and gambol round,
My buck-goats all ! hark ! what a mighty sound
I peal of ringing laughter at the cost
Of Lacon, who to rne his lamb has lost !
I too will skip. My horned goats, good cheer !
To-morrow in the fountain, cool and clear,
Of Sybaris I'll bathe you. Hark ! I say,
White butting ram ! be modest, till I pay

IDYLL VI. 225

The Nymphs my offering. Ha ! then blows I'll try —
Or may I like the curst Melanthius die.

IDYLL VI.

THE SINGERS OF PASTORALS.

To the same field, Aratus, bard divine !
Once Daphnis and Damoetas drove their kine.
This on the chin a yellow beard did show :
On that the down had just begun to grow.
During the noontide of the summer heat,
They by a fountain sung their ditties sweet.
But Daphnis first (to whom it did belong
As challenger) began the pastoral song.

DAPHNIS.

" With apples Galatea pelts thy sheep,

Inviting one, whose pulses never leap

To love, whilst thou, cold Polypheme ! dost pipe,

Regardless of the sea-born beauty ripe.

And lo ! she pelts the watch-dog — with a bound

He barking starts, and angry looks around —

Then bays the sea ; the waves soft-murmuring show

An angry dog fast running to and fro.

Take heed he leap not on her, coming fresh

From the sea-wave, and tear her dainty flesh.

But like the thistle-down, when summer glows,

The sportive nymph, soft moving, comes and goes ;

Pursues who flies her, her pursuer flies,

And moves the landmark of love's boundaries.

What is not lovely, lovely oft doth seem

To the bewildered lover, Polypheme."

Preluding then, Damoetas thus began.

DAMOSTAS.

" I saw her pelt my flock, by mighty Pan !
Not unobserved by my dear single eye,
Through which I see, and shall see till I die.
Prophet of ill ! let Telemus at home
Keep for his own sons all his woes to come.
Q

226 THEOCRITUS.

I, to provoke her, look not in return,

And say that for another girl I burn.

At hearing which with envy, by Apollo !

The sea-nymph pines ; and her eye-quest doth follow,

Leaping from out the sea like one that raves,

Amid my flocks, and peeps into the caves.

I make the dog bark just to discompose her ;

He, when I loved her, whining used to nose her.

Noting my action, she perchance will find

Some messenger to let me know her mind.

I'll shut my door, till she on oath agree

To make her sweet bed on this isle with me.

Nor am I that unsightly one they say :

For in the calm, smooth wave the other day

I saw myself : and handsome was my beard,

And bright, methought, my single eye appeared.

And from the beautiful sea-mirror shone

My white teeth, brighter than the Parian stone.

To screen myself from influence malign,

Thrice on my breast I spat. This lesson fine

I learned from that wise crone Cotyttaris."

This sung, Damoetas gave his friend a kiss.
Of pipe and flute their mutual gifts they made —
Daphnis the pipe, the flute Damoatas played.
Thereto the heifers frisked in gambols rude :
And neither conquered ; both were unsubdued.

IDYLL VII.

THE THALTSIA.

'TWAS when Amyntas, Eucritus, and I,
Did from the city to sweet Haleus hie ;
The harvest-feast by that abounding river
Was kept, in honour of the harvest-giver,
By Phrasidamus and Antigenes,
Sons of Lycopeus both, and good men these,
If good there is from old and high descent,
From Clytia and from Calchon, who, knee-bent

IDYLL VII. 227

Firmly against the rock, did make outflow
The spring Burinna with a foot-struck blow,
Near which a thickly wooded grove is seen,
Poplars and elms, high overarching green.
Midway not reached, nor tomb of Brasilas,
We chanced upon Cydonian Lycidas,
By favour of the Muses : who not knew
That famous goatherd as he came in view ?
A tawny, shaggy goat-skin on his back,
That of the suppling pickle yet did smack ;
Bound by a belt of straw the traveller wore
An aged jerkin ; in his hand he bore
A crook of the wild olive ; coming nigh,
With widely parted lips, and smiling eye —
The laughter on his lip was plain to see —
He quietly addressed himself to me :

" Whither so fast at noon-tide, when no more
The crested larks their sunny paths explore,
And in the thorn-hedge lizards lie asleep ?
To feast or to a wine-press do you leap ?
The stones ring to your buskins as you pass."

To him I made reply — " Dear Lycidas !
All say you are the piper — far the best
'Mid shepherds and the reapers ; this confest
Gladdens my heart ; and yet (to put in speech
My fancy) I expect your skill to reach.
Our way is to a harvest-feast, which cater
Dear friends of ours for richly robed Damater,
Offering their first-fruits — since their garner-floor
Her bounteous love hath filled to running o'er.
Let us with pastoral song beguile the way ;
Common the path, and common is the clay.
We shall each other, it may be, content ;
For I, too, am a mouth-piece eloquent
Of the dear Muses ; and all men esteem,
And call me minstrel good — not that I deem,
Not I, by Earth ! Philetas I surpass,
Nor the famed Samian bard, Sicelidas,
A frog compared with locusts, I beguile
The time with song." He answered with a smile : —
Q 2

228 THEOCRITUS.

" This crook I give thee — for thou art all over
An imp of Zeus, a genuine truth-lover.
Who strives to build, the lowly plain upon,
A mansion high as is Oromedon,
I hate exceedingly ; and for that matter
The muse-birds, who like cuckoos idly chatter
Against the Chian minstrel, toil in vain :
Let us at once begin the pastoral strain ;
Here is a little song, which I did late,
Musing along the highlands, meditate :

" To Mitylene sails my heart-dear love :
Safe be the way, and fair the voyage prove,
E'en when the south the moist wave dashes high on
The setting Kids, and tempest-veiled Orion
Places his feet on ocean ; and, returned,
My love be kind to me by Cypris burned ;
For hot love burns me : may the Halcyons smooth
The swell o' the sea, the south and east winds soothe,
That from the lowest deep the sea-weed stir —
Best Halcyons ! whom of all the birds that skir
The waves for prey, the Nereids love the most.
Safe may my loved one reach the Lesbian coast,
And on the way be wind and weather fair !
With dill or roses will I twine my hair,
Or on my head will put a coronet,
Wreathed with the fragrance of the violet.
I by the fire will quaff the Ptelean wine,
And one shall roast me beans, while I recline
Luxurious, lying on a fragrant heap
Of asphodel and parsley, elbow deep ;
And mindful of my love the goblet clip,
Until the last lees trickle to my lip.
Two swains shall play the flute ; and Tityrus sing
How love for Xenea did our Daphnis sting,
How on the mountain he was wont to stray,
How wailed for him the oaks of Himera,
When he, dissolving, passed away from us,
Like snow on Hasmus, or far Caucasus,
Athos or Rhodope : or in his song
Recite, how by his master's cruel wrong

IDYLL VII. 229

The swain was in a cedar ark shut up,
While quick — and how from many a flower-cup
The flat-nosed bees to his sweet prison flew,
And there sustained him with the honey-dew,
For that the Muse into his lip distilled
Sweet nectar : blest Comatas ! that fulfilled
A whole spring, feeding on the bag o' the bee,
Shut in an ark ! How had it gladdened me,
(Would only thou wert of the living now !)
To tend thy goats along the mountain's brow,
And hear thee sweetly sing, O bard divine !
Lying at leisure under oak or pine ! "

He ceased : I in my turn : " Dear Lycidas !
Whilst on the highlands with my herd I pass,
The Nymphs have taught me precious ditties oft,
Which haply Fame has borne to Zeus aloft.
I choose for you the very best I know ;
Now listen, since the Muses love you so :

" The Loves, ill omen ! sneezed on me, who dote
On lovely Myrtis, as on spring the goat.
Aratus, whom of men I love the best,
Loves a sweet girl. Aristis, minstrel blest,
And worthiest man, whom his own tripod near
Phoebus himself would not disdain to hear
Sing to the harp, knows that Aratus feels
This scorching flame. Pan ! whose rich music peals
On Homolus, place in his longing arms
Of her own will the blushing bloom of charms.
So may the youth of Arcady forbear
With squills thy shoulders and thy side to tear,
When fails the chase. If thou wilt not, then weep,
By nails all mangled, and on nettles sleep !
Where Hebrus flows, in frost-time of the year
Dwell on the mountains 'neath the polar bear ;
In summer with swart JEthiop, at the pile
Of Blemyan rocks, beyond the springs of Nile !
Ye loves ! from Hyetis and Byblis flown,
Who make Dione's lofty seat your own ;
Ye loves ! that are to blushing apples like,
The blooming Phyllis with your arrows strike —

230 THEOCRITUS.

Strike her, because she pities not my friend ;
Though softer than a pear, her bloom shall end :
Ah, Phyllis ! Phyllis ! now the bachelors say,
Behold thy flower of beauty drops away !
Let us, my friend Aratus ! pace no more,
Nor keep our painful watch beside her door ;
Let Chanticleer, that crows at dawn, behold
Some other lover there benumbed with cold :
Such watch be Melon's, and be his alone ;
But rest be ours — and eke a friendly crone,
Who may by spitting and by magic skill
Quick disenchant us from foreshadowed ill."

Ended my song, he, smiling as before,
The friendly muse-gift gave — the crook he bore ;
Then turning to the left pursued the way
To Pyxa ; speeding, presently we lay,
Where Phrasidamus dwelt, on loosened sheaves
Of lentisk, and the vine's new-gathered leaves.
Near by, a fountain murmured from its bed,
A cavern of the Nymphs : elms overhead,
And poplars rustled ; and the summer-keen
Cicadas sung aloft amid the green ;
Afar the tree-frog in the thorn-bush cried ;
Nor larks nor goldfinches their song denied ;
The yellow bees around the fountains flew ;
And the lone turtle-dove was heard to coo :
Of golden summer all was redolent,
And of brown autumn ; boughs with damsons bent,
We had ; and pears were scattered at our feet,
And by our side a heap of apples sweet.
A four-year cask was broached. Ye Nymphs excelling
Of Castaly, on high Parnassus dwelling,
Did ever Chiron in the Centaur's cave
Give draught so rich to Hercules the brave ?
Through Polypheme did such sweet nectar glance,
That made the shepherd of Anapus dance,
The huge rock-hurler — as the generous foam,
Which, Nymphs, ye tempered at that harvest-home ?
O be it mine again her feast to keep,
And fix the fan in good Damater's heap ;

IDYLL VIII. 231

And may she sweetly smile, while spikes of corn
And up-torn poppies either hand adorn !

IDYLL VIII.

THE SINGERS OF PASTORALS.
Daphnis. Menalcas. A goatherd.

MENALCAS met, while pasturing his sheep,
The cowherd Daphnis on the highland steep ;
Both yellow-tressed, and in their life's fresh spring, —
Both skilled to play the pipe, and both to sing.

Menalcas, with demeanour frank and free,
Spoke first : " Good Daphnis, will you sing with me ?
I can out-sing you, whensoe'er I try,
Just as I please." Then Daphnis made reply :

DAPHNIS.

Shepherd and piper ! that may never be,
Happen what will, as you on proof will see.

MENALCAS.

Ah, will you see it, and a wager make ?

DAPHNIS.
I will to see this, and to pledge a stake.

MENALCAS.

And what the wager, worthy fame like ours ?

DAPHNIS.
A calf my pledge, a full-grown lamb be yours.

MENALCAS.

At night my cross-grained sire and mother use
To count the sheep — that pledge I must refuse.

DAPHNIS.
What shall it be then ? What the victor's prize ?

MENALCAS.

I'll pledge a nine-toned pipe, that even lies
In the joined reeds, with whitest wax inlaid,
The musical sweet pipe I lately made ;
This will I pledge — and not my father's things.

DAPHNIS.

I, too, have got a pipe that nine-toned rings,

232 THEOCRITUS.

Compact with white wax, even -jointed, new, —
Made by myself : a split reed sudden flew,
And gashed this finger — it is painful still.
But who shall judge which has the better skill ?

MENALCAS.

Suppose we call that goatherd hither — see !
Yon white dog at his kids barks lustly.

He came when called ; and, hearing their request,
Was willing to decide which sung the best.
Clearly their rival tones responsive rung,
Each in his turn, but first Menalcas sung.

MENALCAS.

Ye mountain -vales and rivers ! race divine !

If aught Menalcas ever sung was sweet,
Feed ye these lambs ; and feed no less his kine,

When Daphnis drives them to this dear retreat.

DAPHNIS.
Fountains and herbs, growth of the lively year !

If Daphnis sings like any nightingale,
Fatten this herd ; and if Menalcas here

Conduct his flock, let not their pasture fail.

MENALCAS.

Pastures and spring, and milkful udders swelling,
And fatness for the lambs, is every where

At her approach : but if the girl excelling

Departs, both herbs and shepherd wither there.

DAPHNIS.

The sheep and goats bear twins ; the bees up-lay
Full honey-stores, the spreading oaks are higher,

Where Milto walks : but if she goes away,

The cowherd and his cows themselves are drier.

MENALCAS.

Uxorious ram, and flat-nosed kids, away

For water to that wilderness of wood :
There, ram without a horn ! to Milto say,

Proteus, a god too, fed the sea-calf brood.

DAPHNIS.
Nor Pelops' realm be mine, nor piles of gold,

Nor speed fleet as the wind ; but at this rock
To sing, and clasp my darling, and behold

The seas blue reach, and many a pasturing flock.

IDYLL vm. 233

MENALCAS.

To forest-beast the net, to bird the noose.

Winter to trees, and drought to springs is bad ;

To man the sting of beauty. Mighty Zeus !
Not only I — thou, too, art woman -mad.

Their sweet notes thus, in turn, they did prolong ;
Menalcas then took up the closing song.

MENALCAS.

Spare, wolf ! my sheep and lambs ; nor injure me,
Because I many tend, though small I be.
Sleepest, Lampurus ? up ! no dog should sleep
That with the shepherd-boy attends his sheep.
Be not to crop the tender herbage slow,
Feed on, my sheep ! the grass again will grow.
Fill ye your udders, that your lambs may have
Their share of milk, — I some for cheese may save.

Then Daphnis next his tones preluding rung,
Gave to the music voice, and sweetly sung.

DAPHNIS.

As yesterday I drove my heifers by,
A girl, me spying from a cavern nigh,
Exclaimed, " How handsome ! " I my way pursued
With down-cast eyes, nor made her answer rude.
Sweet is the breath of cows and calves — and sweet
To bask by running stream in summer heat.
Acorns the oak ; and apples on the bough
Adorn the apple-tree ; her calf the cow ;
His drove of kine, depasturing the field,
His proper honour to the cowherd yield.

Th' admiring goatherd then his judgment spake :
Sweet is thy mouth, and sweetest tones awake
From thy lips, Daphnis ! I would rather hear
Thee sing, than suck the honeycomb, I swear.
Take thou the pipe, for thine the winning song.
If thou wilt teach me here my goats among
Some song, I will that hornless goat bestow,
That ever fills the pail to overflow.

234 THEOCRITUS.

Glad Daphnis clapped his hands, and on the lawn
He leaped, as round her mother leaps the fawn.
But sad Menalcas fed a smouldering gloom,
As grieves a girl betrothed to unknown groom.
And first in song was Daphnis from that time,
And wived a Naiad in his blooming prime.

IDYLL IX.

THE PASTOR, OR THE HERDSMEN.

Daphnis. Menalcas.

DAPHNIS ! begin the pastoral song for me ;
Begin, and let Menalcas follow thee.
Meanwhile the calves the mother-cows put under,
Let the bulls feed — but not roam far asunder,
Scorning the herd — and crop the leafy spray ;
And leave the heifers to their frolic play.
Begin for me the sweet bucolic strain,
And let Menalcas take it up again.

DAPHNIS.

" Sweet low the cow and calf — the tones are sweet,
The pipe, the cowherd and myself repeat.
My couch is by cool water, and is strown
With skins of milk-white heifers ; them threw down,
While they cropt arbutus, the south-west wind
From the bluff crag. There stretched, no more I mind
The scorching summer than a loving pair
Their parents sage, who bid them each ' beware ! ' "

Thus Daphnis sweetly sung at my request ;
Menalcas next his dulcet tones exprest.

MENALCAS.

" ^Etna ! my mother ! in the hollow rock
My pleasant mansion is ; I own a flock
Of many yearlings and of many sheep,
Numerous as those the dreamer sees in sleep.
Fleeces are lying at my head arid feet ;
On an oak-fire are boiling entrails sweet ;

IDYLL IX. 235

And on my hearth in winter-time I burn
Fagots of beech. I have no more concern
For winter — than the toothless elder cares
For walnuts, whose old dame his pap prepares."

SHEPHERD.

Both I applauded, and made gifts to both,
A crook to Daphnis — the spontaneous growth
Of my own father's field, yet turned so well,
None could find fault with it ; a sounding shell
I gave Menalcas ; four besides myself
Fed on its flesh — I snared it from a shelf
Amid th' Icarian rocks. The conch he blew,
And far abroad the blast resounding flew.

Hail, pastoral Muses ! and the song declare,
Which then I chanted for that friendly pair.
" On your tongue's tip may pustules never grow,
For speaking falsely what for false you know !
Cicale the cicale loves ; and ant loves ant ;
Hawk, hawk ; and me the muse and song enchant.
Of this my house be full ! nor sudden spring,
Nor sleep is sweeter ; nor to bees on wing
The bloom of flowers more dear delight diffuses,
Than to myself the presence of the Muses.
On whomsoe'er they look and sweetly smile,
Him Circe may not harm with cup or wile."

IDYLL X.

THE WORKMEN, OR REAPERS.

Milan and Battus.

MILON.

PLOUGHMAN, what is the matter with you, pray ?
You cannot draw the furrow straight to-day,
Nor with your neighbour even do you keep,
But lag behind like a thorn-wounded sheep.
If you cannot the furrow now devour,
What will you be, my friend, at evening hour ?

236 THEOCRITUS.

BATTUS.

You rock-chip, reaping till the sun's descent,
Did you some absent darling ne'er lament ?

MILON.
Never. A labourer's heart with love-grief ache !

BATTUS.
Did you ne'er chance for love to lie awake ?

MILON.

No — never may I ! When a dog has eaten
Meat for his master, the poor dog is beaten.

BATTUS.
I'm deep in love — almost eleven days.

MILON.

From a full wine-cask you your fancies raise ;
I have not even vinegar enough.

BATTUS.

Thence lie the sweepings of all sort of stuff
Before my door.

MILON.
Who is your mischief-bringer ?

BATTUS.

The child of Polybotas — the sweet singer,
Who for the mowers at Hippocoon's chaunted.

MILON.

Sinners heaven pricks — you have what long you wanted
A dry tree-frog will hug you close in bed.

BATTUS.

None of your jibes : care-breeding Love is said,
And not old Plutus only, to be blind.
Don't talk too big.

MILON.

I do not — only mind

To cut the corn down, and some love-song try
About your girl ; you'll work more pleasantly :
And Battus once, at least, was musical.

BATTUS.

To sing my charmer, slender, straight, and tall,
Best Muses ! aid me ; for, with skill divine,
Ye, whatsoe'er ye please to touch, refine.
Lovely Bombyce ! though all men beside
Call you a Syrian sun-embrowned, and dried,

IDYLL X. 237

I call you a transparent sweet brunette.

The lettered hyacinth and violet

Are dark ; yet these are chosen first of all

For the sweet wreath and festive coronal.

The goat the cytisus, the wolf the goat,

And cranes pursue the plough — on thee I dote.

Would that I had the wealth report hath told

Belonged to Cro3sus ! wrought in purest gold,

Statues of both of us should then be seen,

Due dedications to the Cyprian Queen :

Thou with a flute, an apple, and a rose ;

I sandalled, in a robe that proudly flows.

Lovely Bombyce ! beautiful your feet,

Twinkling like the quick dice ; your voice is sweet ;

But your sweet nature language cannot tell.

MILON.

He privily hath learned to sing — how well !
But my poor chin in vain this great beard nurses ;
List to a snatch or two of Lytierses.

Damater ; fruit-abounding ! grant this field
Be duly wrought, and rich abundance yield.

Bind without waste, sheaf-binder ! lest one say,
These men of fig-wood are not worth their pay.

Let the sheaf-hillock look to north or west ;
The corn, so lying, fills and ripens best.

Ye threshers ! let not sleep steal on your eyes
At noon — for then the chaff most freely flies.

Up with the lark to reap, and cease as soon
As the lark sleeps — but rest yourself at noon.

Happy the frog's life ! none, his drink to pour,
He looks for — he has plenty evermore.

Boil, niggard steward ! the lentil ; and take heed,
Don't cut your hand — to split a cumin-seed.

Men toiling in the sun such songs befit ;

Your puling love, poor rustic little-wit !

Is only fit — to whisper in her ears,

When your old mother wakes as dawn appears.

IDYLL XL

THE CYCLOPS.

NICIAS ! there is no remedy for love,
Except the Muses ; this alone doth prove
A sweet and gentle solace for the mind
Of love-sick man — riot easy though to find.
Full knowledge of this truth I deem is thine,
Physician, and beloved of all the Nine !

Thus, Polypheme of yore, our Cyclops, found
The power of song on love's uneasy wound ;
With the first down that budding youth discloses
On cheek and chin, he doted — not with roses
And apples for his love, and the trim curl
To plea*se her eye, but with delirious whirl,
Neglecting all things else. Oft to the stall
His sheep from pasture came without his call,
While he from dawn mid sea-weeds and the spray
Of Galatea sung, and pined away,
By mighty Cypris wounded at the heart,
Who in his liver fixed her cruel dart.
He found the cure while from the cliff he flung
His glances seaward, and his ditty sung : —

" Why, Galatea, scorn for love dost render ?
Whiter than fresh curds, than the lamb more tender ;
More skittish than the calf, more clearly bright
Than unripe grape transparent in the light !
Here dost thou show thyself when sleeps thy lover,
Still flying ever as my sleep is over,
E'en as the sheep, the gray wolf seeing, flees.
I loved when with my mother from the seas
Thou first didst come, and seek the mountain-side
To gather hyacinths — and I thy guide.
Since then I never yet have ceased to love thee,
Although my passion never yet did move thee.
I know the reason why the beauty flies —
One shaggy eye-brow on my forehead lies
Over one eye, stretched out from tip to tip
Of either ear, and overhangs my lip

IDYLL XI. 239

A nostril broad. Such as I am, I keep,

Drinking their best of milk, a thousand sheep ;

My cheeses fail not in their hurdled row

In depth of winter nor in summer's glow.

No Cyclops here can breathe the pipe like me,

Who sing, when I should sleep, myself and thee,

Sweet-apple ! I for thee four bear-whelps rear,

And eke eleven fawns that collars wear.

Come live (thou shalt not fare the worse) with me,

And to its murmurs leave that azure sea.

Thy nights will sweeter pass within my cave,

Where the tall cypress and the laurel wave ;

The sweet- fruit vine and ivy dark are there ;

From the white snow its waters cool and clear

Thick -wooded JEtna, sends : whom would it please

In sea to dwell, when land has joys like these ? .

Though rough I seem in Galatea's eyes,

My wealth of oak a constant fire supplies ;

O fire of love ! I could be well content

That life and precious eye at once were brent.

Had I but fins ! then would I dive and kiss

Thy dainty hand, though daintier lip I miss ;

In different seasons take thee different flowers,

The summer lily white in summer hours,

And while it winter was, what winter bred,

The tender poppy with its pop-bells red.

From some sea-ranger I will learn to swim,

To see what charms you in your ocean dim.

Come, Galatea ! sparkling from the foam,

And then, like me, forget to turn thee home.

Would that the shepherd and his life could please —

To milk my ewes, with runnet fix the cheese.

My mother is in fault, and only she —

She never spake a friendly word for me ;

Although she sees me pining fast away,

Thinner and thinner still from day to day.

I'll tell her that my feet and temples throb,

That she, as I have done, with grief may sob.

O Cyclops ! Cyclops ! whither dost thou hover ?

To weave thy baskets would more wit discover,

And get thy lambs green leaves. Milk the near ewe ;

240 THEOCRITUS.

Why one that faster flies in vain pursue ?
A fairer Galatea you may find ;
Others are fair, and all are not unkind :
For many a damsel, when eve's shadow falls,
Me to sport with her fondly, sweetly calls ; .
And all of them, with eyes that brightly glisten,
Giggle most merrily, whene'er I listen :
That I am somebody on earth is plain."

Thus Polypheme with song relieved love's pain ;
And from his ails himself did safer free,
Than had he given a leech a golden fee.

IDYLL XII.

AITES.

ART come, dear youth ? Two days and nights away !

For love who passion, wax old — in a day.

As much as apples sweet the damson crude

Excel ; the bloomy spring the winter rude ;

In fleece the sheep her lamb ; the maid in sweetness

The thrice-wed dame ; the fawn the calf in fleetness ;

The nightingale in song all feathered kind —

So much thy longed-for presence cheers my mind.

To thee I hasten, as to shady beech

The traveller, when from the heaven's reach

The sun fierce blazes. May our love be strong,

To all hereafter times the theme of song !

" Two men each other loved to that degree,

That either friend did in the other see

A dearer than himself. They lived of old,

Both golden natures in an age of gold."

O father Zeus ! ageless Immortals all !
Two hundred ages hence may one recall,
Down-coming to the irremeable river,
This to my mind, and this good news deliver :
" E'en now from east to west, from north to south,
Your mutual friendship lives in every mouth."
This, as they please, the Olympians will decide :

IDYLL XIII. 241

Of thee, by blooming virtue beautified,

My glowing song shall only truth disclose ;

With falsehood's pustules I'll not shame my nose.

If thou dost sometime grieve me, sweet the pleasure

Of reconcilement, joy in double measure

To find thou never didst intend the pain,

And feel myself from all doubt free again.

And, ye Megarians, at Niscea dwelling,
Expert at rowing, mariners excelling,
Be happy ever ! for with honours due
Th' Athenian Diocles, to friendship true,
Ye celebrate. With the first blush of spring
The youth surround his tomb : there who shall bring
The sweetest kiss, whose lip is purest found,
Back to his mother goes with garlands crowned.
Nice touch the arbiter must have, indeed,
And must, methinks, the blue-eyed Ganymede
Invoke with many prayers — a mouth to own
True to the touch of lips, as Lydian stone
To proof of gold, — which test will instant show
The pure or base, as money-changers know.

IDYLL XIII.

HYLAS.

FRIEND ! not for us alone was love designed,

Whoe'er his parent of immortal kind ;

Nor first to us fair seemeth fair to be,

Who mortal are, nor can the morrow see.

But e'en Amphitryon's brazen-hearted son,

Who stood the lion's rage, did dote upon

The curled and lovely Hylas — made his joy

To train him as a father would his boy,

And taught him all whereby himself became

A minstrel-praised inheritor of fame ;

Nor left him when the sun was in mid-air,

Or Morn to Jove's court drove her milk-white pair ;

242 THEOCRITUS.

Or when the twittering chickens were betaking
Themselves to rest, her wings their mother shaking,
Perched on the smoky beam ; that, trained to go
In the right track, he might a true man grow.

When Jason sailed to find the golden fleece,
And in his train the choicest youth of Greece ;
Then with the worthies from the cities round,
Came Hercules, for patient toil renowned,
And Hylas with him : from Ib'lcos they,
In the good Argo ploughed the watery way.
Touched not the ship the dark Cyanean rocks,
That justled evermore with crashing shocks,
But bounded through, and shot the swell o' the flood,
Like to an eagle, and in Phasis stood :
Thence either ridgy rock in station lies.

But at what times the Pleiades arise :
When to the lamb the borders of the field
(The spring to summer turning) herbage yield ;
The flower of heroes minded then their sailing ;
And the third day, a steady south prevailing,
They reached the Hellespont ; and in the bay
Of long Propontis hollow Argo lay :
Their oxen for Cianians dwelling there
The ploughshare in the broadening furrow wear.
They land at eve ; in pairs their mess they keep ;
And many strow a high and rushy heap :
A meadow broad convenient lay thereby,
With various rushes prankt abundantly.
And gold-tressed Hylas is for water gone
For Hercules and sturdy Telamon,
Who messmates were : a brazen urn he bore,
And soon perceived a fountain straight before.
It was a gentle slope, round which was seen
A multitude of rushes, parsley green,
And the close couch-grass, creeping to entwine
Green maiden-hair, and pale-blue celandine.
Their choir the wakeful Nymphs, the rustics' dread,
In the mid sparkle of the fountain led ;
Malis, and young Nychea looking spring,
And fresh Eunica. There the youth did bring,

IDYLL XIII. 243

And o'er the water hold his goodly urn,

Eager at once to dip it and return.

The Nymphs all clasped his hand ; for love seized all,

Love for the Argive boy ; and he did fall

Plumping at once into the water dark,

As when a meteor glides with many a spark

Plumping from out the heavens into the seas —

And then some sailor cries, " A jolly breeze,

Up with the sail, boys ! " Him upon their knees

The Nymphs soft held ; him dropping many a tear

With soft enticing words they tried to cheer.

Anxious Alcides lingered not to go,
Armed like a Scythian with his curved bow.
He grasped his club ; and thrice he threw around
His deep, deep voice at highest pitch of sound ;
Thrice called on Hylas ; thrice did Hylas hear,
And from the fount a thin voice murmured near ;
Though very near, it very far appeared :
As when a lion, awful with his beard,
Hearing afar the whining of a fawn,
Speeds to his banquet from the mountain-lawn ;
In such wise Hercules, the boy regretting,
Off at full speed through pathless brakes was setting.
Who love, much suffer : what fatigue he bore !
What thickets pierced ! what mountains clambered o'er !
What then to him was Jason's enterprise ?

With sails aloft the ship all ready lies ;
Midnight they sweep the decks and oft repeat,
" Where, where is Hercules ?" Where'er his feet
Convey him, there the frantic mourner hurries,
For a fierce god his liver teai's and worries.
Fair Hylas thus is numbered with the blest :
Their friend, as ship-deserter, all the rest
Reproach ; while trudges he (and sad his case is)
To Colchos and inhospitable Phasis.

E 2

IDYLL XIV.

THE LOVE OF CYNISCA, OK THYONICHUS.

^Eschines. Thyonicus.

Health to Thyonichus !

THYONICHUS.

The same to you.

^ESCHINES.

How late you are !

THYONICHUS.

Late ? what concernment new ?

-ESCHINES.

It is not well with me.

THYONICHUS.

And therefore lean,

With beard untrimmed and dry straight hair you're seen.
But lately one, in seeming much the same,
Who called himself Athenian, hither came,
A barefoot, pale Pythagorean oaf,
In love, methought, and longing — for a loaf.

^ESCHFNES.

You'll have your jest : Cynisca flouts me so,

That I shall madden unawares, I know —

There's but a hair's-breadth now 'twixt me and madness.

THYONICHUS.

Extreme in changes ever — brooding sadness,
Or moody violence — as the whim makes you
Sport of the time : but what new care o'ertakes you ?

jESCHINES.

The Argive, I, and the Thessalian knight
Good Apis, and Cleunicus, brave in fight,
Were drinking at my farm. We had for fare
Two pullets and a sucking pig ; and rare
Rich Biblian wine (near four years old) I drew,
And fragrant still, as from the wine-press new.
A Colchian onion gave the brewage zest ;
As mirth with drink advanced, we thought it best

IDYLL XIV. 245

To quaff the wine's pure juice, each to his flame,

And every one was bound to tell her name.

So said, so done : we drank to them we loved :

But she, my she ! by all my love unmoved,

Said nothing, though I then and there named her.

Think what a tempest did my temper stir !

" Won't speak ?" I said : " or, as the wise man spoke,

Hast seen a wolf ? " another said in joke.

From her red burning face (it kindled so)

You might have lit a lamp. Lycus, you know,

Is name for wolf ; and there is such an one,

Tall, delicate, my neighbour Laba's son ;

And many think him handsome : for this youth,

And his fine love my damsel pined in sooth.

I heard a whisper, nor I sifted it,

Having a man's beard without manly wit.

But Apis — we were at our cups again —

Sang out " My Lycus ! " a Thessalian strain.

Then sudden into tears Cynisca burst —

The girl of six years for the breast that nurst

Her tender infancy, not so much weeps.

You know me, how no bound my temper keeps ;

With doubled fist once and again I struck

Both of her cheeks. She thereat did up-tuck

Her skirts and quickly bolted through the door.

Do I not please thee ? hast a paramour

Nearer thy heart ? plague o' my life ! go, go !

Hug him for whom your tears, like beads, thick flow.

As for her callow brood, that nested lies

Under the roof, the swallow swiftly flies

To bring them food, and flies for more again :

From her soft couch more swift she fled amain,

Through hall, court, gate, as fast as she was able :

" The bull into the wood," as runs the fable.

Add two to this, the eight and fiftieth day,

'Twill be two full months since she went away ;

And since we parted, as a sign of woe,

My hair has, Thracian-like, been left to grow.

But only Lycus is her sole delight ;

For him her door is open e'en at night.

But hapless I, with the Megarian lot,

246 THEOCRITUS.

Am held in none account, and quite forgot.
All would be well, could I my love restrain ;
But mice, they say, the taste of pitch retain.
I cannot cure myself, howe'er I try ;
For hapless love I know no remedy ;
Except that Simus sailed across the water,
When smitten with old Epichalcus' daughter,
And came back whole. I too will cross the wave,
Nor best nor worst of soldiers, but a brave.

THYONICHUS.

May all be as you wish, my JEschines !
But if you will depart beyond the seas,
Gladly king Ptolemy brave hearts engages,
Best man of all that gives the soldier wages.

2K8CHDOES.

What sort of man is he in other things ?

THYONICHUS.

To brave and noble souls the best of kings ;

Has a discerning spirit ; takes delight

In all the Muses ; courteous to the height ;

Who loves him and who loves him not, he knows ;

And many gifts on many men bestows.

When asked a boon, he king-like not denies ;

But oft to ask is neither right nor wise.

Then if you wish a martial cloak to fold

Around your shoulders, and in station bold,

Firm on both feet, abide the shielded foe

On-rushing — instantly to Egypt go.

Soon we grow old, and Time steals on apace,

Whitening the hair, and withering the face.

We ought to do what us behoves, I ween,

While yet our knee is firm, our strength is green.

IDYLL XV. 247

IDYLL XV.

THE SYRACUSAN WOMEN ; OR, ADONIAZUS^E.

CHARACTERS.

Gorgo. Praxinoa. Old woman. First stranger. Second
stranger. Singing woman.

GORGO.

Is Praxinoa at home ?

PRAXINOA.

Dear Gorgo, yes !

How late you are ! I wonder, I confess,
That you are come e'en now. Quick, brazen-front !

[ To EUNOA.
A chair there — stupid ! lay a cushion on't.

GORGO.
Thank you, 'tis very well.

PRAXINOA.

Be seated, pray.
GORGO.

My untamed soul ! what dangers on the way !
I scarce could get alive here : such a crowd !
So many soldiers with their trappings proud !
A weary way it is — you live so far.

PRAXINOA.

The man, whose wits with sense are aye at war,
Bought at the world's end but to vex my soul
This dwelling — no ! this serpent's lurking-hole,
That we might not be neighbours : plague o' my life,
His only joy is quarrelling and strife.

GORGO.

Talk not of Dinon so before the boy ;
See ! how he looks at you !

PRAXINOA.

My honey -joy !
My pretty dear ! 'tis not papa I mean.

GORGO.
Handsome papa ! the urchin, by the Queen,

248 THEOCRITUS.

Knows every word you say.

PRAXINOA.

The other day —

For this in sooth of every thing we say —
The mighty man of inches went and brought me
Salt — which for nitre and ceruse he bought me.

GORGO.

And so my Diocleide — a brother wit,

A money-waster, lately thought it fit

To give seven goodly drachms for fleeces five —

Mere rottenness, but dog's hair, as I live,

The plucking of old scrips — a work to make.

But come, your cloak and gold-claspt kirtle take,

And let us speed to Ptolemy's rich hall,

To see the fine Adonian festival.

The queen will make the show most grand, I hear.

PRAXINOA.

All things most rich in rich men's halls appear.
To those who have not seen it, one can tell
What one has seen.

GORGO.

'Tis time to go — 'tis well
For those who all the year have holidays.

PRAXIXOA.

Eunoa ! my cloak — you wanton ! quickly raise,
And place it near me — cats would softly sleep ;
And haste for water — how the jade does creep !
The water first — now, did you ever see ?
She brings the cloak first : well, then, give it me.
You wasteful slut, not too much — pour the water !
What ! have you wet my kirtle ! sorrow's daughter ?
Stop, now : I'm washed — gods love me : where's the key
Of the great chest ? be quick, and bring it me.

GORGO.

The gold-claspt and full-skirted gown you wear
Becomes you vastly. May I ask, my dear,
How much in all it cost you from the loom ?

PRAXINOA.

Don't mention it : I'm sure I did consume
More than two minae on it : and I held on
The work with heart and soul.

IDYLL XV. 249

GORGO.

But when done, well done !

PRAXES OA.

Truly — you're right. My parasol and cloak —
Arrange it nicely. Cry until you choke,
I will not take you, child ; horse bites, you know —
Boo ! Boo ! no use to have you larne. Let's go.
Play with the little man, my Phrygian ! call
The hound in ; lock the street-door of the hall.

Gods, what a crowd : they swarm like ants, how ever
Shall we work through them with our best endeavour ?
From when thy sire was numbered with the blest,
Many fine things, and this among the rest,
Hast thou done, Ptolemy ! No villain walks
The street, and picks your pocket, as he talks
On some pretence with you, in Egypt's fashion :
As once complete in every style, mood, passion,
Resembling one another, rogues in grain,
Would mock and pilfer, and then — mock again.
What will become of us, dear Gorgo ? see !
The king's war-horses ! Pray, don't trample me,
Good sir ! the bay-horse rears ! how fierce a one !
Eunoa, stand from him : dog-heart ! won't you run ?
He'll kill his leader ! what a thought of joy,
That safe at home remains my precious boy !

GORGO.

Courage ! they're as they were — and we behind them.

PRAXINOA.

I nearly lost my senses ; now I find them,
And am myself again. Two things I hold
In mortal dread — a horse and serpent cold,
And have done from a child. Let us keep moving ;
0 ! what a crowd is on us, bustling, shoving.

GORGO.

(To an old woman.)
Good mother, from the palace ?

OLD WOMAN.

Yes, my dear.

GORGO.

Is it an easy thing to get in there ?

250 THEOCRITUS.

OLD WOMAN.

Th' Achaeans got to Troy, there's no denying ;
All things are done, as they did that — by trying.

GORGO.

The old dame spoke oracles.

PRAXINOA.

Our sex, as you know,
Know all things — e'en how Zeus espoused his Juno.

GORGO.

Praxinoa ! what a crowd about the gates !

PRAXINOA.

Immense ! your hand ; and, Eunoa, hold your mate's ;
Do you keep close, I say, to Eutychis,
And close to us, for fear the way you miss.
Let us, together all, the entrance gain :
Ah me ! my summer-cloak is rent in twain.
Pray, spare my cloak, heaven bless you, gentleman !

STRANGER.

'Tis not with me — I will do what I can.

PRAXINOA.

The crowd, like pigs, are thrusting.

STRANGER.

Cheer thy heart,
'Tis well with us.

PRAXINOA.

And for your friendly part,
This year and ever be it well with you !
A kind and tender man as e'er I knew.
See ! how our Eunoa is prest — push through —
Well done ! all in — as the gay bridegroom cried.
And turned the key upon himself and bride.

GORGO.

What rich, rare tapestry ! Look, and you'll swear
The fingers of the goddesses were here.

PRAXINOA.

August Athene ! who such work could do ?
Who spun the tissue, who the figures drew ?
How life-like are they, and they seem to move !
True living shapes they are, and not inwove !
How wise is man ! and there he lies outspread
In all his beauty on his silver bed,

IDYLL XV. 251

Thrice-loved Adonis ! in his youth's fresh glow,
Loved even where the rueful stream doth flow.

A STRANGER.

Cease ye like turtles idly thus to babble :
They'll torture all of us with brogue and gabble.

GORGO.

Who's you ? what's it to you our tongues we use ?
Rule your own roost, not dames of Syracuse.
And this too know we were in times foregone
Corinthians, sir, as was Bellerophon.
We speak the good old Greek of Pelop's isle :
Dorians, I guess, may Dorian talk the while.

PRAXINOA.

Nymph ! grant we be at none but one man's pleasure ;
A rush for you — don't wipe my empty measure.

GORGO.

Praxinoa, hush ! behold the Argive's daughter,
The girl who sings as though the Muses taught her,
That won the prize for singing Sperchis' ditty,
Prepares to chaunt Adonis ; something pretty
I'm sure she'll sing : with motion, voice, and eye,
She now preludes — how sweetly, gracefully !

SINGING GIRL.

Of Eryx, Golgos, and Idalia, Queen !

My mistress, sporting in thy golden sheen,

Bright Aphrodite ! as the month comes on

Of every year, from dureful Acheron

What an Adonis — from the gloomy shore

The tender-footed Hours to thee restore !

Hours, slowest of the Blest ! yet ever dear,

That wished-for come, and still some blessing bear.

Cypris ! Dione's daughter ! thou through portal

Of death, 'tis said, hast mortal made immortal,

Sweet Berenice, dropping, ever blest !

Ambrosial dew into her lovely breast.

Wherefore her daughter, Helen -like in beauty,

Arsinoe thy love repays with duty ;

For thine Adonis fairest show ordains,

Bright Queen, of many names and many fanes !

All seasonable fruits ; in silver cases

His gardens sweet ; and alabaster vases

252 THEOCRITUS.

Of Syrian perfumes near his couch are laid ;

Cakes, which with flowers and wheat the women made

The shapes of all that creep, or take the wing,

With oil or honey wrought, they hither bring ;

Here are green shades, with anise shaded more ;

And the young Loves him ever hover o'er,

As the young nightingales, from branch to branch,

Hover and try their wings, before they launch

Themselves in the broad Air. But, O ! the sight

Of gold and ebony ! of ivory white

Behold the pair of eagles ! up they move

With his cup-bearer for Saturnian Jove.

And see yon couch with softest purple spread,

Softer than sleep, the Samian born and bred

Will own, and e'en Miletus : that pavilion

Queen Cypris has — the nearer one her minion,

The rosy-armed Adonis ; whose youth bears

The bloom of eighteen or of nineteen years ;

Nor pricks the kiss — the red lip of the boy ;

Having her spouse, let Cypris now enjoy.

Him will we, ere the dew of dawn is o'er,

Bear to the waves that foam upon the shore ;

Then with bare bosoms and dishevelled hair,

Begin to chant the wild and mournful air.

Of all the demigods, they say, but one

Duly revisits Earth and Acheron —

Thou, dear Adonis ! Agamemnon's might,

Nor Aias, raging like one mad in fight ;

Nor true Patroclus ; nor his mother's boast,

Hector, of twenty sons famed, honoured most ;

Nor Pyrrhus, victor from the Trojan siege —

Not one of them enjoyed this privilege ;

Nor the Deucalions ; nor Lapitha? ;

Argive Pelasgi ; nor Pelopidae.

Now, dear Adonis, fill thyself with glee,

And still returning, still propitious be.

GORGO.

Praxinoa, did ever mortal ear
A sweeter song from sweeter minstrel hear ?
O happy girl ! to know so many things —
Thrice happy girl, that so divinely sings !

IDYLL XVI. 253

But now 'tis time for home : let us be hasting ;

My man's mere vinegar, and most when fasting :

Nor has he broken yet his fast to-day ;

When he's a-hungered, come not in his way.

Farewell, beloved Adonis ! joy to see !

When come, well come to those who welcome thee.

IDYLL XVI.

THE GRACES ; OR, HIERO.

JOVE'S daughters hymn the gods ; and bards rehearse

The deeds of worthies in their glowing verse.

The heaven-born Muses hymn the heavenly ring ;

Of mortals, then, let mortal poets sing.

Yet who — as many as there be that live

Under the grey dawn, will a welcome give

To our sweet Graces, or the door-latch lift,

Or will not send them off without a gift ?

Barefoot, with wrinkled brows, and mien deject,

They chide me for the way of chill neglect ;

Though loath, into their empty chest they drop,

And on cold knees their heavy heads they prop ;

And dry their seat is, when no good they earn,

But from a fruitless journey back return.

What living man the poet will repay

With generous love for his ennobling lay ?

I know not : men no longer, as before,

Would live for good deeds in poetic lore ;

But are o'ercome by detestable gain ;

Close-fisted, every one doth fast retain

His money, thinking how to make it grow,

Nor freely would the smallest mite bestow ;

But says : " the knee is nearer than the shin ;

Some good be mine ! from gods bards honour win.

But who will hear another ? one will do —

Homer, best poet, and the cheapest too —

He costs me nothing." Fools ! what boots the gold

Hid within doors in heaps cannot be told ?

Not so the truly wise their wealth employ :

254 THEOCRITUS.

With some 'tis fit one's natural man to joy ;

Some to the bard should freely be assigned,

To kin — arid many others of mankind.

The gods their offerings ; guests should have their dues,

Welcome to come and go whene'er they choose.

But most of all the generous mind prefers

The Muses' consecrate interpreters.

So may you live to fame, when life is done,

Nor mourn inglorious at cold Acheron,

Like one from birth to poverty betrayed,

Whose palms are horny from the painful spade.

To many a serf Antiochus the great,

To many king Aleuas in his state,

Measured the monthly dole. Much kine to see

Lowed at the full stalls of the Scopadae.

Innumerous flocks to some cool green retreat

The shepherds drove, to screen them from the heat,

O'er Cranon's plain — choice flocks in choicest place,

The wealth of Creon's hospitable race.

No pleasure had been theirs these things about,

When once their sweet souls they had emptied out

Into the broad raft of drear Acheron ;

But they, sad with the thoughts of life foregone,

Had lain — their treasures left and memory hid —

Long ages lain the wretched dead amid,

Had not the glorious Ceian breathed the fire

Of his quick spirit to the stringed lyre,

And would not let them altogether die,

But made them famous to posterity ;

And e'en their swift-foot steeds obtained renown,

Which in the sacred race-course won the crown.

Who would have known the noble Lycian pair —

The sons of Priam with their pomp of hair —

Or Cycnus, as a woman fair to ken,

Had no bard sung the wars of former men ?

Nor that Odysseus, who went wandering round,

Twice sixty moons, wherever man is found,

And, while alive, to farthest Hades sped,

And from the cavern of the Cyclops fled,

Had been aye famed ; the keeper of the swine,

Eumreus, and the man the herded kine

IDYLL XVI. 255

Had in his watchful care, Philoetius,
And e'en Laertes the magnanimous,
Had been in a perpetual silence pent,
But for that old Ionian eloquent.

The Muses best renown on men bestow :
The living waste the wealth of those below.
It were all one the waves to number o'er,
As many as wind and blue sea drive ashore,
Or wash with water from the spring's dark urn
The clay of unbaked brick, as try to turn
The money-lover from his wretched pelf —
But let us leave the miser to himself.
May countless pieces swell his silver store !
And let him ever have a wish for more !
But may I still prefer bright honour's meed,
And man's good will, to many a mule and steed !

I am in quest of one whose willing mind
I may, by favour of the Muses, find.
Without the Jove-born sisters, harsh and hard
Are all approaches found by every bard.
Not weary yet revolving heaven appears
Of bringing round the months and circling years.
The car shall yet be moved by many a steed ;
And me shall some one as a minstrel need ;
Than him more deeds heroic never wrought
Achilles, or stout Aias, when they fought,
Where in his tomb the Phrygian Ilus lies,
On the broad plain of mournful Simoeis.
Who, where the sun sets, dwell — on Libya's heel,
The bold Phoenicians shuddering terror feel ;
For Syracuse against them takes the field,
Each with his ready spear and willow shield.
Amidst them arms heroic Hieron,
Equal to heroes of the times foregone ;
Floats o'er his helm, in wavy darkness loose,
His horse-hair crest — Athene ! mightiest Zeus !
And thou, who with thy mother reignest queen
O'er Ephyra the wealthy, where is seen
Lysimeleia's water, may the blow
Of harsh Necessity rebuke the foe,

256 THEOCRITUS.

And scatter them from our sweet island back

O'er the Sardonian ocean's yeasty track ;

And out of many, few return to tell

Their wives and children how the perished fell !

In the foe-ruined cities of the plain

Soon may their former dwellers live again,

And till the fruitful fields ! unnumbered sheep,

And fat, bleat cheerily ! the cattle creep

Herded in safety to the wonted stalls,

Warning the traveller that evening falls !

For sowing-time be wrought the fallow lea,

When the cicada, sitting on his tree,

Watches the shepherds in the open day,

And blithely sings, perched on the topmost spray ;

O'er martial arms may spiders draw their train,

And of fierce war not e'en the name remain ;

And famous Hieron illustrious be,

By poets hymned, beyond the Scythian sea :

Or where Semiramis her station chose,

And her huge walls, asphaltos-built, arose !

I am but one : but many others are
Dear to the Muses — may it be their care
To praise the warrior-king (as poets use),
And people, and Sicilian Arethuse !
Ye goddesses ! whose loving favours wait
On that Orchomenos, the Thebans' hate,
No where unbidden, but to court or hall
Bidden, with you will I attend the call,
Through your dear presence confident to please,
Enchanting daughters of Eteocles !
What good, what fair can men without you see ?
Oh ! may I ever with the Graces be !

IDYLL XVII.

THE PRAISE OF PTOLEMY.

MUSES ! begin and end the song with Zeus,
When of immortals we the chief extol :

IDYLL xvir. 257

Of men the name of Ptolemy produce
First, last, and midst — for he is chief of all.
For their exploits the seed heroical
Of demigods life-giving minstrels found :
I, skilled to sing, will Ptolemy install
Theme of my song — and glowing hymns redound
E'en to their praise, who dwell th' Olympian heights around.

In Ida's thick of wood, perplexed with choice,
Which to begin with, the wood-cutter flings
His glance around : to what shall I give voice
First out of all the many blessed things,
With which the gods have graced the best of kings ?
How great the son of Lagus from his birth !
Born for what deeds ! what great imaginings
His mind conceived beyond the sons of earth !
Up to the gods by Zeus exalted for his worth !

In Jove's own house his golden couch is spread,
And by him sits his friend in royal pride,
Great Alexander, the portentous dread
Of Persians glittering with the turban pied :
And Hercules, the vast Centauricide,
Sits opposite on adamantine throne ;
There with the gods he banquets gratified,
In his sons' sons rejoicing as his own,
Made free of age by Zeus, and as immortals known.

For from heroic Hercules the twain
Descended : therefore when he goes content
From the gods' banquet to his wife again,
Sated with nectar of a fragrant scent,
To one his quiver and his bow unbent
Ever he hands, and to that other blest
His iron-shotted club, with knobs besprent ;
And so they marshal him unto his rest
In his ambrosial home, white-ankled Hebe's nest.

How excellent of dames was Berenice !

To her dear parents what a wealth of pleasure !

Dionis wiped her fingers on the spicy

Swell of her bosom. No man in such measure

E'er loved his wife, as Ptolemy's best leisure

258 THEOCRITUS. .

Doted on her ; and she with him contended
In love — yea ! loved him more : his house and treasure
Thus to his sons he with full trust commended,
Since, loving, he the couch of loving wife ascended.

Some stranger draws the wanton's fancy flighty —
Her children many, like the father none !
Loveliest of goddesses ! bright Aphrodite !
Through thee, the way of wailful Acheron
Was ne'er by lovely Berenice gone :
Her, thy sweet care, from the Cyanean river,
And death's grim ferryman, the gloomy one !
Thou didst, soft-placing in thy fane, deliver,
And a conceded share of thine own honours give her.

Soft loves on mortal kind she breathes benign,
And makes his love-care light to every lover.
Thou, who in Argos didst with Tydeus twine,
Dark brows thy gentle eye-lids arching over,
Didst Diomede to light of day discover ;
To Peleus the full-bosomed Thetis bore
Achilles ; thee, (for there the birth-pang drove her
The aid of Eileithuia to implore, )
Bright Berenice brought forth on the Coan shore :

The Woman-helper stood benignant by,
Her limbs from pain composing, till she smiled
On thee new-born to warrior Ptolemy —
And like his father was the lovely child.
Exulting Cos, with jubilant rapture wild,
Fondled the babe, loud-hymning at the sight : —
" Boy ! be thou blest ; for me be honours piled
On thy account, such as the Delian bright
Hung round the blue-crowned isle, on which he sprung to
light.

" From thee to Triop's hill such honour follow,
And no less to the Dorians dwelling nigh,
As his Rhenasa had from King Apollo ! "
Thus Cos : the bird of Zeus, up-poised on high,
Under the clouds, well-omened thrice did cry :
From king-protecting Zeus the sign was sent ;
But when from birth he marks a royalty,

IDYLL XVII. 259

That king surpassingly is excellent
For wealth, wide rule by sea and o'er much continent.

In many a region many a tribe doth till
The fields, made fruitful by the shower of Zeus ;
None like low-lying Egypt doth fulfil
Hope of increase, when Nile the clod doth loose,
O'er-bubbling the wet soil : no land doth use
80 many workmen of all sorts, enrolled
In cities of such multitude profuse,
More than three myriads, as a single fold
Under the watchful sway of Ptolemy the bold.

Part of Phoenicia ; some Arabian lands ;
Some Syrian ; tribes of swart ^Ethiopes ;
All the Pumphylians, Lycians he commands,
And warlike Carians ; o'er the Cyclades
His empire spreads ; his navies sweep the seas ;
Ocean and rivers, earth within her bounds
Obeys him : and a host of chivalries,
And shielded infantry, with martial sounds
Of their far-glittering brass, the warrior-king surrounds.

His wealth, that daily flows from every side,
The treasure of all other kings outweighs ;
His busy people's days in quiet glide :
The monster-breeding Nile no hostile blaze
Doth overpass, the war-shout there to raise.
Nor hath armed foeman from swift ship outleapt
To seize the kine Egyptian pastures graze ;
For o'er the broad lands of that happy sept
The bright-haired Ptolemy strict ward hath ever kept.

His whole inheritance he cares to keep,
As a good king : himself hath garnered more :
Nor useless in his house the golden heap,
Increased like that of ants ; for of his store
The gods have much, since them he doth adore
Ever with first-fruits, and his love commends
With other gifts ; his bounty ne'er is poor ;
To noble-minded princes much he sends,
And gives to cities much, and much to worthy friends.

s 2

260 THEOCRITUS.

None in the sacred games e'er took a part,
Skilled the melodious song to modulate,
Without a royal recompense of art :
Whence Ptolemy the muse-priests celebrate
For his munificence. What meed more great
Than good renown can wealthy man befall ?
This meed doth on the dead Atridos wait ;
Their infinite spoil from Priam's ravaged hall
In the thick gloom lies hid, from whence is no recall.

Only this prince hath in his fathers' ways
Exactly walked, and doth their stamp retain ;
Whence he to both his parents loved to raise
Temples, and placed their statues in each fane,
Of gold and ivory — never sought in vain
By prayer of mortals ; on their altars red
Fat thighs of oxen burn the royal twain,
Himself and consort — one more furnished
With love and excellence ne'er clasped her spouse in bed.

Such were the nuptials of the royal pair,
Whom Rhea bore, the royalties divine
Of blest Olympus : Iris spread with care,
Iris the virgin yet, whose fingers shine
With fragrant brightness, when they would recline
The marriage couch. Hail, Ptolemy ! to thee
And other demigods I will assign
Due praise. One word for after-men ; to me
It seems, whatever good there is, from Zeus must be.

IDYLL XVIII.

THE EPITIIALAMIUM OF HELEN.

TWELVE Spartan virgins, the Laconian bloom,
Choired before their Helen's bridal room,
New hung with tapestry : entwined the fair
With hyacinth.s their hyacinthine hair ;
When Menelaus, Atreus' younger pride,
Locked in sweet Tyndaris, his lovely bride ;
To the same time with cadence true they beat

IDYLL XVIII. 261

The rapid round of intertwining feet ;

One measure tript, one song together sung —

Their hymenaean all the palace rung.

So early, bridegroom ! fix'd in slumber deep ?
So heavy-limbed, with such a love for sleep ?
Thyself, wine-heavy, on the bed hast thrown
For only rest ? thou shouldst have slept alone,
And with her mother left the girl to play
With only girls until the break of day.
She's thine from day to day, and year to year —
Thrice-happy bridegroom ! on thy Avay 'tis clear
Good demon sneezed, that only thou shouldst gain
The prize so many princes would obtain,
Only of demigods, whose bosomed love
Her husband makes the son-in-law of Jove !
Jove's daughter, peerless beauty-bud of Greece,
Now lies with thee beneath one broidered fleece.
What offspring to thy hopes will she prefer —
Could her dear offspring but resemble her !
Where flows Eurotas in his pleasant place,
Thrice eighty virgins, we pursued the race,
Like men, anointed with the glistering oil,
A bloom of maiden buds — love's blushing spoil :
Of equal years ; but, seen by Helen's side,
Not one in whom some blemish was not spied.
As rising Morn, oh, venerable Night !
Shows from thy bosom dark her face of light ;
As the clear spring, when winter's gloom is gone,
So mid our throng the golden Helen shone.
As of a field or garden ornament,
The lofty cypress shoots up eminent ;
As of the chariot the Thessalian steed,
So rosy Helen of the Spartan breed
Is ornament and grace. Like Helen none
Draws the fine thread around the spindle spun,
And in the ready basket piles so much ;
None interlaces with so quick a touch
The woof and warp ; for other never came
A web so perfect from the broidering frame.
Like Helen none the cithern knows to ring,

262 THEOCRITUS.

Of Artemis or tall Athene sing,

Like Helen, in whose liquid-shining eyes

Desire, the light of love, dissolving lies.

O fair and lovely girl ! a matron now —

Where meadow-flowers in dewy brightness grow,

We'll hie with early dawn, and fondly pull

Sweets to twine garlands for our beautiful ;

Remembering Helen with our fond regrets,

As for the absent ewe her suckling frets.

Of lotuses we'll hang thee many a wreath

Upon the shady plane, and drop beneath

Oil from the silver pyx ; and on the bark,

In Doric, shall be graved for all to mark,

" To me pay honour — I am Helen's tree."

Hail, bride ! high-wedded bridegroom, hail to thee !

Fruitful Latona fruit of marriage give ;

Cypris in bonds of mutual love to live ;

And Zeus the wealth that shall without an end

From high-born sire to high-born son descend !

Sleep, happy pair ! in love enjoy your rest,

Breathing desire into each other's breast.

But wake at dawn ; for we'll present us here

At the first call of crested chanticleer.

Hymen, O Hymensean ! joyful spread

With love's contentment sweet this marriage-bed.

IDYLL XIX.

THE STEALER OF HONEY-COMBS.

As from a hive the thieving Eros drew

A honey-comb, a bee his finger stung ;
Then in his anguish on his hand he blew,

Stamped, jumped — and then to Cytherea sprung ;

Showed her the wound, and cried : " A thing how wee,
How great a wound makes with its little sting ! "

His mother smiled : " Art thou not like a bee,

Such great wounds making — such a little thing ? "

IDYLL XX.

THE HERDSMAN.

EUNICA, smiling with a bitter scoff,

When I would sweetly kiss her, bade me " off !

Fool cowherd ! would you kiss me ? not to kiss

Rude clowns, but city lips, I've learnt, I wis.

You never, man ! shall kiss my lovely mouth —

Not in a dream. You are — O how uncouth !

Your look offends me, and your speech provokes ;

Your play is horse-play ; vulgar are your jokes.

How smooth in speech ! how delicate an air !

How soft your beard ! how odorous your hair !

Your lips are sickly ; and your hands are black,

And you smell rank : don't foul me ; back, clown, back ! "

Thrice on her breast she spat, these hard words saying,
Me scornfully from head to foot surveying ;
Pouting and muttering proudly looked askaunt,
Before mine eyes did plume her form and flaunt,
And mocking smiled with lips drawn far apart.
My blood boiled fiercely from my grief of heart,
And red my cheeks from passionate anguish grew,
As vernal roses from the morning dew.
She left me then : but angry feelings glow
Within my heart, because she used me so.

Am I not handsome, shepherds ? tell me truly ;
Or has some god transformed my person newly ?
For as lush ivy clips the stem o' the tree,
The bloom of beauty lately covered me.
My curls, like parsley, round my temples clung ;
A. shining forehead my dark brows o'erhung ;
My eyes were bluer than Athene's own ;
My mouth than new cheese sweeter ; every tone
Sweeter than honeycombs : and sweet I take
My song to be ; the sweetest soundg I wake
From all wind instruments, in very deed —
Straight pipe or transverse, flute or vocal reed.
The girls upon the hills me handsome call ;
They kiss me lovingly — they love me all.

264 THEOCRITUS.

But ah ! my city-madam never kist me ;

And for I am a cowherd she dismist me.

That Dionysus in the valleys green

Once tended kine, she never heard, I ween ;

Nor knows that Cypris on a cowherd doted,

And on the Phrygian hills herself devoted

To tend his herd ; nor how the same Dionis

In thickets kist, in thickets wept Adonis.

Who was Endymion ? him tending kine

Stooped down to kiss Selena the divine,

Who from Olympus to the Latmian grove

Glided to slumber with her mortal love.

Didst thou not, Rhea, for a cowherd weep ?

And didst thou not, high Zeus ! the heaven sweep,

In form of winged bird, and watch indeed

To carry off the cowherd Ganymede ?

Only Eunica (daintier she must be

Than were Selena, Cypris, Cybele,)

Won't kiss a cowherd. May'st thou ne'er uncover

Thyself, self-worshipt Beauty ! to a lover

In town or country ; but, vain poppet ! ever

Sleep by thyself — despite thy best endeavour.

IDYLL XXI.

THE FISHERMEN.
Asphalion and a comrade.

THE nurse of industry and arts is want ;
Care breaks the labourer's sleep, my Diophant !
And should sweet slumber o'er his eyelids creep,
Dark cares stand over him, and startle sleep.

Two fishers old lay in their wattled shed,
Close to the wicker on one sea-moss bed ;
Near them the tools wherewith they plied their craft,
The basket, rush-trap, line, and reedy shaft,
Weed-tangled baitsj a drag-net with its drops,
Hooks, cord, two oars, an old boat fixt on props.
Their rush-mat, clothes, and caps, propt either head ;
These were their implements by which they fed,

IDYLL XXI. 265

And this was all their wealth. They were not richer

By so much as a pipkin or a pitcher.

All else seemed vanity : they could not mend

Their poverty — which was their only friend.

They had no neighbours ; but upon the shore

The sea soft murmured at their cottage door.

The chariot of the moon was midway only,

When thoughts of toil awoke those fishers lonely :

And shaking sleep off they began to sing.

ASPIIALION.

The summer-nights are short, when Zeus the king
Makes the days long, some say — and lie. This night
I 've seen a world of dreams, nor yet 'tis light.
What's all this ? am I wrong ? or say I truly ?
And can we have a long, long night in July ?

FRIEND.

Do you the summer blame ? The seasons change,
Nor willingly transgress their wonted range.
From care, that frightens sleep, much longer seems
The weary night.

ASPHALION.

Can you interpret dreams ?
I've seen a bright one, which I will declare,
That you my visions, as my toil, may share.
To whom should you in mother-wit defer ?
And quick wit is best dream-interpreter.
We've leisure, and to spare : what can one do,
Lying awake on leaves, as I and you,
Without a lamp ? they say the town-hall ever
Has burning lights — its booty fails it never.

FRIEND.

Well : let us have your vision of the night.

ASPIIALION.

When yester-eve I slept, outwearied quite

With the sea-toil, not over-fed, for our

Commons, you know, were short at feeding hour,

I saw myself upon a rock, where I

Sat watching for the fish — so eagerly !

And from the reed the tripping bait did shake,

Till a fat fellow took it — no mistake :

('Twas natural-like that I should dream of fish,

266 THEOCRITUS.

As hounds of meat upon a greasy dish :)

He hugged the hook, and then his blood did flow ;

His plunges bent my reed like any bow ;

I stretched both arms, and had a pretty bout,

To take with hook so weak a fish so stout.

I gently warned him of the wound he bore ;

" Ha ! will you prick me ? you'll be pricked much more."

But when he struggled not, I drew him in ;

The contest then I saw myself did win.

I landed him, a fish compact of gold !

But then a sudden fear my mind did hold,

Lest king Poseidon made it his delight,

Or it was Amphitrite's favourite.

I loosed him gently from the hook, for fear

It from his mouth some precious gold might tear,

And with my line I safely towed him home,

And swore that I on sea no more would roam,

But ever after would remain on land,

And there my gold, like any king, command.

At this I woke ; your wits, good friend, awaken,

For much I fear to break the oath I've taken.

FRIEXD.

Fear not : you swore not, saw not with your eyes
The fish you saw ; for visions all are lies.
But now no longer slumber : up, awake !
And for a false a real vision take.
Hunt for the foodful fish that is, not seems ;
For fear you starve amid your golden dreams.

IDYLL XXII.

THE DIOSCURI.

THE twins of Leda, child of Thestius,
Twice and again we celebrate in song,
The Spartan pair, stamped by ./Egiochus,
Castor and Pollux, arming with the thong
His dreadful hands ; both merciful as strong
Saviours of men on danger's extreme edge,
And steeds tost in the battle's bloody throng,

IDYLL XXII. 267

And star-defying ships on ruin's ledge,
Swept with their crews by blasts into the cruel dredge.

The winds, where'er they list, the huge wave drive,
Dashing from prow or stern into the hold ;
Both sides, sail, tackle, yard, and mast, they rive,
Snapping at random : from Night's sudden fold
Rushes a flood ; hither and thither rolled,
Broad ocean's heaving volumes roar and hiss,
Smitten by blasts and the hail-volley cold :
The lost ship and her crew your task it is,
Bright pair ! to rescue from the terrible abyss.

They think to die — but lo ! a sudden lull
O' the winds ; the clouds disperse ; and the hush'd sheen
Of the calmed ocean sparkles beautiful :
The Bears, and Asses with the Stall between,
Foreshow a voyage safe and skies serene.
Blest Brothers ! who to mortals safety bring,
Both harpers, minstrels, knights, and warriors keen :
Since both I hymn, with which immortal king
Shall I commence my song ? of Pollux first I'll sing.

The justling rocks, the dangerous Euxine's mouth,
Snow-veiled, when Argo safely passed, and ended
Her course at the Bebrycian shore, the youth
Born of the gods from both her sides descended,
And on the deep shore, from rude winds defended,
Their couches spread ; and strook the seeds of fire
From the pyreion. Forthwith unattended
Did Pollux, of the red-brown hue, retire
With Castor, whose renown for horsemanship was higher.

On a high hill a forest did appear :
The brothers found there a perennial spring,
Under a smooth rock, filled with water clear,
With pebbles paved, which from below did fling
A crystal sheen like silver glistering :
The poplar, plane, tall pine, and cypress, grew
Hard by : and odorous flowers did thither bring
Thick swarm of bees, their sweet toil to pursue,
As many as in the meads, when spring ends, bloom to view.

268 THEOCRITUS.

There lay at ease a bulky insolent, .
Grim-looked : his ears by gauntlets scored and marred ;
His vast chest, like a ball, was prominent ;
His back was broad with flesh like iron hard,
Like anvil-wrought Colossus to regard ;
And under either shoulder thews were seen
On his strong arms, like round stones which, oft jarred
In the quick rush with many a bound between,
A winter torrent rolls down through the cleft ravine.

A lion's hide suspended by the feet
Hung from his neck and o'er his shoulders fell :
Him the prize-winner Pollux first did greet :
" Hail, stranger ! in these parts what people dwell ? "
" The hail of utter stranger sounds not well,
At least to me." " We're not malevolent,
Nor sons of such, take heart." " You need not tell
Me that — I in myself am confident."
" You are a savage, quick to wrath and insolent."

" You see me as I am ; upon your land

I do not walk." " Come thither, and return

With hospitable gifts." " I've none at hand

For you, nor want I yours." " Pray, let me learn,

Wilt let me drink from out this fountain urn ?"

" You'll know, if your thirst-hanging lips are dry."

" How may we coax you from your humour stern,

With silver or what else ? " " The combat try — "

" How, pray, with gauntlets, foot to foot and eye to eye ? "

" In pugilistic fight, nor spare your skill."
" Who is my gauntlet-armed antagonist ? "
" At hand ! he's here ; you see him if you will,
I, Amycus, the famous pugilist."
" And what the prize of the victorious fist ? "
" The vanquished shall become the victor's thrall."
" Red-crested cocks so fight, and so desist."
" Cock-like or lion-like the combat call ;
This is the prize for which we fight, or none at all."

Then on a conch he blew a mighty blast :
The long-haired Bebryces, hearing the sound,
Under the shady planes assembled fast ;

IDYLL XXII. 269

And likewise Castor, in the fight renowned,
Hastened and called his comrades to the ground,
From the Magnesian ship. With gauntlets both
Armed their strong hands ; their wrists and arms they

bound

With the long thongs ; with one another wroth,
Each breathing blood and death, they stood up nothing loth.

First 'each contended which should get the sun
Of his antagonist ; but much in sleight
That huge man, Pollux ! was by thee outdone ;
And Amycus was dazzled with the light ;
But raging rushed straight forward to the fight,
Aiming fierce blows ; but wary Pollux met him,
Striking the chin of his vast opposite,
Who fiercer battled, for the blow did fret him,
And leaning forward tried unto the ground to get him.

Shouted the Bebryces ; and, for they feared
The man like Tityus might their friend down-weigh
In the scant place, the heroes Pollux cheered :
But shifting here and there Jove's son made play,
And struck out right and left, but kept away
From the fierce rush of Neptune's son uncouth,
Who, drunk with blows, reeled in the hot affray,
Out-spitting purple blood ; the princely youth
Shouted, when they beheld his battered jaws and mouth.

His eyes were nearly closed from the contusion
Of his swoln face ; the prince amazed him more
With many feints, and seeing his confusion,
Mid-front he struck a heavy blow and sore,
And to the bone his forehead gashing tore ;
Instant he fell, and at his length he lay
On the green leaves ; but fiercely as before,
On his uprising, they renewed the fray,
Aiming terrific blows, as with intent to slay.

But the Bebrycian champion strove to place
His blows upon the broad breast of his foe,
Who ceaselessly disfigured all his face :
His flesh with sweating shrunk, that he did show,
From huge, but small ; but larger seemed to grow

270 THEOCRITUS.

The limbs of Pollux, and of fresher hue
The more he toiled : Muse ! for 'tis thine to know,
And mine to give interpretation true.
Tell how the son of Zeus that mighty bulk o'erthrew.

Aiming at something great, the big Bebrycian
The left of Pollux with his left hand caught,
Obliquely leaning out from his position,
And from his flank his huge right hand he brought,
And had he hit him would have surely wrought
Pollux much damage ; but escape he found,
Stooping his head, and smote him, quick as thought,
On the left temple ; from the gaping wound
A bubbling gush of gore out-spurted on the ground.

Right on his mouth his left hand then he dashed ;
Rattled his teeth ; and with a quicker hail
Of blows he smote him, till his cheeks he smashed :
Stretched out he lay ; his senses all did fail,
Save that he owned the other did prevail
By holding up his hands : nor thou didst claim
The forfeit, Pollux, taking of him bail
Of a great oath in his own father's name,
Strangers to harm no more with word or deed of shame.

To Castor now belongs my votive strain,
The brass-mailed, shake-spear knight. The twins of Zeus,
It chanced, had carried off the daughters twain
Of old Leucippus ; wroth for which abuse,
The two bold brothers, sons of Aphareus,
Pursued the ravishers incontinent —
Their plighted bridegrooms, Idas and Lynceus.
They overtook them at the monument
Of the dead Aphareus, as on their way they went.

With shields and spears all from their chariots leapt,

And Lynceus through his helmet loudly spoke :

" Why not let brides be by their bridegrooms kept ?

Why with your drawn swords, ready for the stroke,

Do you so eagerly the fight provoke ?

To us their sire betrothed them, and did swear

An oath thereto — which oath he only broke

IDYLL XXII. 271

Persuaded by your gifts, (foul shame to hear
In case of others' brides,) kine, mules, and divers <rear.

" Oft have I said, although no speechifier,
Before you both ; my friends ! it is not right
Princes for wives those maidens should desire,
Whose bridegrooms wait them and the nuptial night :
Sparta, sweet Arcady with fleeces white,
Equestrian Elis, famous Argolis,
The Achaean towns, Messenia's ample site,
And all the shore-reach of rich Sisyphis,
Are all of great extent with choice of maids, I wis.

" And you may pick and choose at will of these,
Who are in mind, form, feature, excellent ;
Good men for sons-in-law most fathers please,
And you 'mid heroes are pre-eminent,
On either side ennobled by descent.
Come, let our nuptials to their end proceed ;
We'll find brides for you to your heart's content :
The wind to wave swept off my useless rede ;
I might as well have preached unto the winds indeed.

" You are ungentle in your wilful mood ;
Be now persuaded for your own behoof :
Though we are cousins — if it seems you good
This strife to finish by the battle-proof,
Let Idas and brave Pollux stand aloof,
While Castor and myself, the younger, try
The battle ; thus to the parental roof
We shall not leave an utter misery —
One death is quite enough for one sad family.

" Those who survive shall gladden all their friends,
(Bridegrooms, not corses,) and these virgins wed :
Good is small ill that great contention ends."
And Providence fulfilled the words he said.
That elder pair their arms deposited ;
But Lynceus shook, under his shield's broad rest,
His quivering lance, and Castor likewise sped
To meet him : to the conflict fierce they prest ;
On either martial head nodded the horse -hair crest.

272 THEOCRITUS.

First with their spears they aimed full many a blow,
Where'er an exposed part came into sight,
But ere they injured one another so,
The spear-heads broke in either broad shield pight :
Then from the sheaths they drew their swords outright,
And fiercely on the other either prest,
Nor paused a moment in the furious fight ;
And each at shield or helm their blows addrest,
But quick-eyed Lynceus maimed — only the purple crest.

At Castor's left knee then he fiercely strook,
Who, 'scaping, smote the threatening hand away ;
He, running, to his father's tomb betook
Himself, dropping the hand : there Idas lay
Watching the cousins ply the bloody fray ;
But eager Castor drove his thirsty sword
Through flank and navel ; out-gushed to the day
His bowels, where out-spread he lay begored ;
And down his eyelids dim the heavy sleep was poured.

Nor was it fated that his mother dear
Should see the other wed to her content ;
For Idas at that hapless sight did tear
A pillar from his father's monument,
To slay his brother's slayer ; but Zeus sent,
In aid of Castor, his devouring fire,
Made drop the marble, and himself up-brent.
So they did to none easy task aspire,
Who fought those mighty ones — the sons of mighty sire.

Hail, sons of Leda ! give my hymns renown :
To you and Helen, dear the minstrel's claim,
And dear to all Avho threw proud Ilion down.
The Chian minstrel, princes ! gave you fame,
Of Troy, th' Achasan ships that thither came,
The war, and the war's tower, Achilles brave,
Hymning the song : may mine be free from blame !
I give you what to me the Muses gave ;
And gods prefer the song to all the gifts they have !

IDYLL XXIII.

THE LOVER ; OR LOVE-SICK.

A YOUTH was love-sick for a maid unkind,
Whose form was blameless, but not so her mind.
She scorned her lover and his suit disdained ;
One gentle thought she never entertained.
She knew not Love — what sort of god, what darts
From what a bow he shoots at youthful hearts !
Her lips were strangers to soft gentleness,
And she was difficult of all access.
She had no word to soothe his scorching fire,
No sparkle of the lip ; no moist desire
To her bright eyes a dewy lustre lent ;
Blushed on her cheek no crimson of consent ;
She breathed no word of sighing born — no kiss
That lightens love, and turns its pain to bliss.
But, as the wild game from his thicket spies
The train of hunters with suspicious eyes,
So she her lover ; ever did she turn
Toward him scornful lip, and eye-glance stern.
She was his fate : and on her glooming face,
The scorn that burned within her left its trace.
Her colour fled ; and every feature showed
Pale from the rage that in her bosom glowed.
Yet even so she was — how fair to see !
The more she scorned him, still the more loved he.
At last by Cypris scorched without her cure,
He could no more the raging flame endure.
He went and kist her door, and tears he shed,
And, 'midst his tears and kisses, sadly said : —

" Harsh, cruel girl ! stone-heart and pitiless !
The nurseling of some savage lioness,
Unworthy love ! my latest gift I bring,
This noose — no more will I thine anger sting.
But now I go where thou hast sentenced me —
The common road which all reports agree
Must at some time by all that live be gone,
And where love's cure is found — Oblivion.

274 THEOCRITUS.

Ah ! could I drink it all, I should not slake

My passionate longing : at thy gates I take

My last farewell, thereto commit indeed

My latest sigh. The future I can read —

The rose is beautiful, the rose of prime,

But soon it withers at the touch of time ;

And beautiful in spring-time to behold

The violet, but ah ! it soon grows old ;

White are the lilies, but they soon decay ;

White is the snow, but soon it melts away ;

And beautiful the bloom of virgin youth,

But lives a very little time in sooth.

Thy time will come — thou too at last shalt prove,

And weep most bitterly, the flames of love.

But grant, I pray thee, grant my latest prayer :

When thou shalt see me hanging high in air,

E'en at thy door — O pass not heedless by !

But drop a few tears to my memory.

From the harsh thong unloose thy hapless lover,

And from thy limbs a garment take and cover

The lifeless body, and the last kiss give ;

Fear not that haply I may come alive

At thy lip's touch — I cannot live again ;

Thy kiss, if given in love, were giveu in vain !

Hollow a mound to hide my love's sad end,

And thrice on leaving, cry, ' Here lie, my friend ! '

And, if thou wilt, by thee this word be said,

' Here lies my love, my beautiful is dead.'

And let this epitaph mine end recall,

Just at the last I scratch it on thy wall :

' Love slew him : stop and say, — Who here is laid

Well but not wisely loved a cruel maid.' "

Then in the doorway for its cruel use

He set a stone ; he fitted next the noose ;

Put in his neck, and eagerly he sped,

Spurning the stone away — and swung there dead.

But when she saw the corse her doorway kept,

She was not moved in spirit, nor she wept :

She felt no ruth, but, scornful to the last,

She spat upon the body, as she past ;

And careless went to bathe her and adorn,

IDYLL XXIV. 275

Where stood a statue of the god, her scorn.
From the bath's marble edge whereon it stood,
The statue leapt and slew her : with her blood
The water was impurpled, and the sound
Of the girl's dying accent swam around : —
"Ah lovers ! she that scorned true love is slain ;
Love is revengeful : when loved, love again."

IDYLL XXIV.

THE LITTLE HERCULES.

ALCMENA having washed her twin delight,
Her Hercules, who then was ten months old,
And her Iphicles, younger by a night,
Gave them the breast, then laid them in the hold
Of a brass shield won by Amphitryon bold —
The spoil of Pterelas in battle slain ;
And, touching either head, her blessing told :
" Sleep, healthful sleep enjoy my blessed twain ;
Sleep happy ! happy wake at coming dawn again."

And with these words she rocked the mighty shield,
And sleep came over them : in the midnight,
What time the Bear, watching Orion's field,
(Who then his shoulder shows uprising bright,)
To setting turns, vex'd Hera's wily spite,
With many threats of her revengeful ire,
To eat the infant Hercules outright,
Sent to the chamber-door two monsters dire,
Each bristling horribly with his dark-gleaming spire.

They their blood-gorging bellies on the ground
Uncoiling rolled ; their eyes shot baleful flame,
And evermore they spat their poison round ;
But when, quick brandishing with evil aim
Their forked tongues, they to the children came,
They both awoke : (what can escape Jove's eye ?)
Light in the chamber shone ; and who can blame
Or wonder that Iphicles did outcry,
Screaming, when he did their remorseless teeth espy ?

T 2

276 THEOCRITUS.

He kicked aside the woollen coverlet,
Struggling to flee ; but Hercules comprest,
Relaxing not the gripe his hand did get,
With a firm grasp the throat of either pest,
Where is their poison, which e'en gods detest.
The boy, that in the birth was long confined,
Who ne'er was known to cry, though at the breast
A suckling yet, they with their coils entwined :
Infolding him they strained their own release to find,

Till wearied in their spines they loosed their fold.
Alcmena heard the noise and woke in fear : —
" Amphitryon, up ! for me strange fear doth hold —
Up ! up ! don't wait for sandals ; don't you hear
Iphicles screaming ? see ! the walls appear
Distinctly shining in the dead of night,
As though 'twere dawn. There is some danger near ;
I'm sure there is, dear man !" He then outright
Did leap from off the bed to hush his wife's affright.

And hastily his costly sword he sought ;

Suspended near his cedar-bed it hung ;

With one hand raised the sheath of lotus wrought,

While with the other he the belt unswung.

The room was filled with night again : he sprung,

And for his household, breathing slumber deep,

He loudly called ; his voice loud echoing rung :

" Ho ! from the hearth bring lights ! quick ! do not

creep !
Fling wide the doors — awake ! this is no time for sleep."

They hastened all with lights at his command ;
But when they saw (their eyes they well might doubt)
A serpent clutched in either tender hand
Of suckling Hercules, they gave a shout,
And clapped their hands : he instantly held out
The serpents to Amphitryon, and wild
With child-like exultation leaped about,
And laid them at his father's feet and smiled —
Laid down those monsters grim, in sleep of death now mild.

Alcmena to her fragrant bosom drew
Iphicles screaming and with fear half-dead ;

IDYLL XXIV. 277

The lamb-wool coverlet Amphitryon threw
O'er Hercules and went again to bed.
The cocks, the third time crowing, heralded
The day-dawn : then Alcmena sent to call
Tiresias the seer, who truly said
Whate'er he said would be ; and told him all,
And bade him answer her what thing would thence befall :

" Hide not, I pray, from reverence for me
If aught of ill the gods design : 'tis clear
What fate has spun for him no man can flee ;
But saying this I teach the wise, good seer ! "
He answered : " Woman ! privileged to bear
The noblest offspring, princess of the blood
Of Perseus, by my own sweet light I swear,
Which once was in these eyes, as name for good
Shall be remembered long Alcmena's womanhood.

" The Achrean women while they spin, I wis,
Alcmena's name to latest eve shall sing ;
And famous shalt thou be in Argolis ;
For this thy son to star-paved heaven shall spring :
All that contend with the broad-breasted king,
Or man or beast, shall yield the victory.
Twelve labours wrought, him Destiny shall bring
To Jove's own house, but all of him can die
On the Trachinian pyre shall perish utterly.

" And he the son-in-law of her shall fce,
Who sent these dragons to destroy the child ;
Then in his lair the sharp-toothed wolf shall see
The fawn, nor harm it, wonderfully mild.
In the hearth-ashes let there now be piled
All sorts of thorn, bramble, and prickly pear,
And dry, wind-shaken twigs of buck-thorn wild ;
And at the midnight burn these dragons here,
Since they to slay the child at midnight did appear.

" A maid must cast these ashes with the wind
At morn from yon rock to the rushing tide,
Then hasten home and never look behind.
With sulphur let the house be purified ;
Pure water, mixed with salt, from side to side

278 THEOCRITUS.

Then from a full urn sprinkle on the floor :
For so the holy custom doth provide ;
And sacrifice to Zeus supreme a boar,
That o'er your foes you may be victors evermore."

Then, rising from the ivory chair, withdrew
Tiresias, and bent with years was he.
But Hercules with his fond mother grew,
As grows a young plant in a fruitful lea,
And still Amphitryon's boy was thought to be :
Linus, Apollo's son, heroic name !
Instructed him in letters carefully.
And Eurytus, who from rich parents came,
Taught him to bend the bow and take unerring aim.

To move his fingers on the harp with ease,
And to the music minstrelsy to sing,
Him taught Eumolpus Philammonides :
And with what sleights the men of Argos fling
Each other, wrestling fiercely in the ring,
And every sort of pugilistic sleight,
Him taught the son of the Cyllenian king,
Harpalicus, whose dreadful brow did fright
Men from afar, that few would dare with him to fight.

To drive the chariot, and impel, control
The rapid-bounding steeds, and how to shun
Dashing his axle-nave against the goal,
He was instructed by Amphitryon,
Who willingly did" teach his hopeful son :
In Argos oft, whose praises are far-spoken
For generous steeds, himself had prizes won ;
And of his skill there was this certain token,
Though time had marred the reins, his chariot was unbroken.

In stationary fight to aim the lance,
Shielding himself ; to bide swords flashing round ;
To draw his battle out, and bid advance
The cavalry ; to scan the foeman's ground,
While to the charge the troops impetuous bound, —
He learned from Castor, who, till he was old,
Of demigods was warrior most renowned,
Exiled from Argos then, which Tydeus bold
With all the vine-land broad did from Adrastus hold.

IDYLL XXV. 279

Alcmena thus had taught her Hercules.

His sleeping-place was near his father's bed ;

And, what did most of all his fancy please,

For the bold boy a lion's hide was spread.

His morning meal, roast meat and Dorian bread —

No ploughman would a larger loaf desire ;

His evening meal (the day already sped)

Was very light, nor such as needed fire.

He always wore, bare to his knees, a plain attire.

IDYLL XXV.

HERCULES THE LION-SLAYER, OR, THE WEALTH OF AUGEIAS.

WHEN, to perform his fated lord's behest,
Amphitiyon's son, with toils and perils tried,
Hero with the prodigious breadth of breast, —
In his right hand his club, the lion's hide
Hung from his shoulders by the fore-feet tied, —
To the rich vale of fruitful Elis came,
Where the sweet waters of Alpheus glide,
Seeing herds, flocks, and pastures, none might claim,
But only wealthiest lord, some prince well known to fame,

He asked a countryman, whose watchful care
O'erlooked the grounds, (his task was his delight,)
" Good friend ! wilt tell a traveller, whose are
These herds, and flocks, and pastures infinite ?
He is, I well may guess, the favourite
Of the Olympian gods. Here should abide
Those I am come to seek." The man, at sight
And claim of stranger, c^uickly laid aside
The work he had in hand, and courteously replied :

" What thou dost ask I willingly will tell,
Good stranger ! for I fear the heavy wrath
Of Hermes, the way-god ; of all who dwell
Above us, most is he provoked, when scath
Or scorn is done to him who asks his path.
Not in one pasture all the flocks appear,

280 THEOCRITUS.

Nor in one region, King Augeias hath :
Some pasture where Elisson glides ; some, where
Alpheus ; at vine-clad Buprasion some ; some, here :

" And every flock has its particular fold.
Their pasture never fails his numerous kine
In the green lowlands that receiving hold
The gush of Peneus, and the dew divine :
As in the genial moisture they recline,
The meads throw up soft herbage, which supplies
The strength of the horned kine. Beyond the shine
Of the far-gliding river — turn your eyes
A little to the left — their stalled enclosure lies ;

" Yonder, where the perennial planes elate
Stand lordly, and the green wild-olives grow, —
A grove to King Apollo dedicate,
The pastoral god, most perfect god we know.
Hard by, our dwellings in a lengthened row ;
Our labour an immense revenue yields
To our good lord, as often as we sow,
When thrice or four times ploughed, the fallow fields
Each of his husbandmen the spade or hoe that wields,

" Earthing the vine-roots, or at vintage-tide
Toils at the wine-press, knows where the domain
Of rich Augeias ends on every side.
For his is all the far-extended plain,
Orchards thick-set with trees, and fields with grain,
E'en to the fount-full hill-tops far away ;
All which we work at (as behoves the swain,
Whose life is spent a-field) through all the day.
Why thou art come — to tell may be thy profit — say.

" Dost seek Augeias, or some one of those
Who serve him ? I will give an answer clear,
And to the point, as one that fully knows.
Not mean art thou, nor of mean sires, I'd swear,
So grand thy form. The sons of gods appear
Such among men." To him Jove's son replied :
" In truth, old man ! for that did bring me here,
Augeias I would see : if it betide
Th' Epean chief doth in the city now abide,

IDYLL XXV. 281

" And, caring for the folk, as j udge fulfils
True judgment ; bid his trusty steward ine speed,
With whom as guide I may converse. God wills
That mortal men should one another need."
To him the husbandman : " It seems, indeed,
Thy way was heaven-appointed : in thine aim,
E'en to thy wish, thou dost at once succeed ;
For yesterday Augeias hither came,
With his illustrious son, Phyleiis hight by name.

"After long time, his rural wealth to see,
He came : to this e'en princes are not blind,
The master there, his house will safer be.
But let us to the stall ; there shall we find
Augeias." Led the way that old man kind :
Seeing the great hand-filling club, and spoil
Of the wild beast, he puzzled much his mind,
Who he could be, come from what natal soil ;
And with desire to ask him this did inward boil,

But caught the word just to his lips proceeding,
For fear he might with question indiscreet,
Or out of place, annoy the stranger speeding :
'Tis a hard thing another's thought to weet.
The hounds both ways, by scent and fall of feet,
Perceived them from afar. At Hercules
They flew, loud barking at him, but did greet
The old man, whining gently as you please,
And round him wagged their tails, and fawning licked his
knees.

But he with stones — to lift them was enough —
Scared back the hounds, their barking did restrain,
And scolded them ; but, though his voice was rough,
His heart was glad they did such guard maintain,
When he was absent. Then he spoke again :
" Gods ! what an animal ! what faithful suit
He does to man ! if he where to abstain,
Where rage, but knew, none other might dispute
With him in excellence ; but 'tis too fierce a brute."

And soon they reached the stall. The sun his steeds
Turned to the west, bringing the close of day.

282 THEOCRITUS.

The herds and flocks, returning from the meads,
Came to the stables where they nightly lay.
The kine in long succession trod the way,
Innumerous ; as watery clouds on high,
By south or west wind driven in dense array,
One on another press, and forward fly,
Numberless, without end, along the thickened sky ;

So many upon so many impels the wind ;
Others on others drive their crests to twine :
So many herds so many pressed behind ;
The plain, the ways, were filled in breadth and line ;
The fields were straitened with the lowing kine.
The sheep were folded soon ; the cattle, too,
That inward, as they walk, their knees incline,
Were all installed, a multitude to view :
No man stood idle by for want of work to do.

Some to the kine their wooden shoes applied,
And bound with thongs ; while some in station near
To milk them took their proper place beside :
One to the dams let go their younglings dear,
Mad for the warm milk ; while another there
The milk-pail held, the curds to cheese one turned :
Meanwhile Augeias went by every where,
And with his own eyes for himself he learned
What revenue for him his cattle-keepers earned.

With him his son and mighty Hercules
Through his exceeding show of riches went.
And, though his mind Amphitryonides
Was wont to keep on balance and unbent,
At sight thereof he was in wonderment :
Had he not seen it, he'd have thought it fable,
That any one, however eminent
For wealth, or any ten, in fold, stall, stable,
The richest of all kings, to show such wealth were able.

Hyperion gave unto his son most dear,
That he should all in flocks and herds excel.
His care increased them more from year to year ;

IDYLL XXV. 283

For on his herds no sort of ailment fell,
Such as destroys the cattle : his grew well,
In pith improving still. None cast their young,
Which almost all were female. He could tell
Three hundred white-skinned bulls his kine among,
And eke two hundred red, that to their pastime sprung.

Twelve swan -white bulls were sacred to the sun,
All inknee'd bulls excelling ; these apart
Cropped the green pasture, and were never done
Exulting ; when from thicket shag did dart
Wild beasts, among the herds to play their part,
These twelve first rushed, death-looking, to the war,
Roaring most terribly. In pride of heart
And strength great Phaethon (men to a star
Did liken him) was first, mid many seen afar.

When this bull saw the tawny lion's hide,
He rushed on watchful Hercules, intent
To plunge his armed forehead in his side :
But then the hero grasped incontinent
The bull's left horn, and to the ground back-bent
His heavy neck ; then backward pressed his might.
The bull, more struggling as more backward sent,
At last stood, stretching every nerve, upright.
The king, and prince, and swains, all marvelled at the sight.

But to the city, on the foUowing day,
Bold Hercules and prince Phyleiis sped.
At first their path through a thick vineyard lay,
Narrow, and 'mid the green, through Avhich it led,
Half-hid. This past, Phyleiis turned his head
O'er his right shoulder, soon as they did reach
The public road, and to the hero said,
Who walked behind him : " Friend, I did impeach
Myself as having lost, concerning thee, some speech

" I long since heard : now I remember me,
A young Achnsan hither on a day
From Argos came, from sea-shore Helice,
Who, many Epeans present, then did say
He saw an Argive man a monster slay,

284 THEOCRITUS.

A lion, dread of all the country round,
Whose lair in grove of Zeus the Nemean lay :
I am not sure if on Tirynthian ground,
Or else in Argos born, or in Mycenian bound ;

"But said, if I remember rightly now,
The hero sprung from Perseus : I confess
Methinks none other Argive man but thou
Dared that adventure : yea ! that piece of dress,
The lion's hide, avows that hardiness.
Then, hero, first of all explain to me,
That I may know if right or wrong my guess,
Whether thou art in truth that very he,
Whose deed was told us by the man of Helice.

" Next, tell how thou didst slay the dreadful beast,
And how his way to Nemean haunt he found :
One, if he searched in Apian land at least,
Such monster could not find, though bears abound,
Boars and destructive wolves, the country round :
Wherefore all marvelled at the man's recital,
And thought the traveller, with idle sound
Of his invented wonders, in requital
Of hospitable rites, was striving to delight all."

Then from the mid-path to the road-side near
Phyleiis kept, that both abreast might find
Sufficient room, and he might better hear
What Hercules should say, who, still behind,
To him replied : " Not from the truth declined,
But with just balance thou hast judged it well :
Since thou would'st hear, I with a willing mind
Will tell, Phyleus, how the monster fell,
But whence he came nor I, nor Argive else can tell.

" Only we think that some immortal sent,

For holy rites profaned or left undone,

That ill on the Phoronians ; forth he went,

And the Piseans, like a flood, o'errun :

The Bembinaeans least of all could shun

His fateful wrath ; they, nearest, fared the Avorst :

To slay that terrible redoubted one

IDYLL XXV. 285

Was task enjoined me by Eurystheus erst ;
His wish I undertook, of my set toils the first.

"My flexile bow I took, and quiver full
Of arrows, and my club, the bark still on,
The stem of a wild olive I did pull
Up by the roots, when thither I was gone,
Under the brow of holy Helicon.
But when I came to the huge lion's lair,
I to the tip the string did straightway don,
And fix'd one of the arrows which I bare :
To see, ere I was seen, I looked around with care.

" It was the mid-day, and not yet I found
His traces ; nor could hear his mighty roar.
I saw no herdsman, ploughman on the ground,
To point me where I should his haunt explore :
Green fear kept every man within his door.
Nor till I saw him and his vigour tried,
Ceased I to search the sylvan mountain o'er ;
And ere came on the cool of eventide,
Back to his cavern, gorged with flesh and blood, he hied.

" His dew-lap, savage face, and mane, were gory ;
He licked his beard, while I, yet unespied,
Lurked in a thicket of the promontory ;
But as he nearer came, at his left side
I shot an arrow, but it did not glide,
Though sharp, into his flesh, but with rebound
Fell on the grass. The thick he closely eyed,
His bloody head up-lifting from the ground,
And ghastly grinned, showing his teeth's terrific round.

" Then on the string another shaft I placed,
And shot — vext that the former idly flew :
Mid-breast I hit him, where the lungs are placed:
His hide the sharp, sharp arrow pierced not through,
But at his feet fell ineffectual too :
Again a third I was in act to shoot,
Enraged to think in vain my bow I drew,
When I was seen by the blood-thirsty brute,
Who to the battle-thought his angry signs did suit.

286 THEOCRITUS.

" With his long tail he lashed himself ; and all
His neck was filled with wrath : the fiery glow
Of his vext mane up-bristled ; in a ball
He gathered up himself, till like a bow
His spine was arched : as when one, who doth know
Chariots to build, excelling in his art,
Having first heated in a fire-heat slow
Bends for his wheel a fig-branch ; with a start
The fissile wild-fig flies far from his hands apart.

" Collected for the spring, and mad to rend me,
So leapt the lion from afar : I strove
With skin-cloak, bow, and quiver to defend me
With one hand ; with the other I up-hove
My weighty club, and on his temple drove,
But broke in pieces the rough olive wood
On his hard shaggy head : he from above
Fell ere he reached me, by the stroke subdued,
And nodding with his head on trembling feet he stood.

"Darkness came over both his eyes : his brain
Was shaken in the bone ; but when I spied
The monster stunned and reeling from his pain,
I cast my quiver and my bow aside,
And to his neck my throttling hands applied,
Before he could recover. I did bear me
With vigour in the death-clutch, and astride
His body from behind from scath did clear me,
So that he could not or with jaw or talons tear me.

" His hind feet with my heels I pressed aground ;
Of his pernicious throat my hands took care ;
His sides were for my thighs a safe-guard found
From his fore-feet : till breathless high in air
I lifted him new sped to hell's dark lair.
Then many projects did my thoughts divide,
How best I might the monster's carcass bare,
And from his dead limbs strip the shaggy hide :
Hard task it was indeed, and much my patience tried.

"I tried and failed with iron, wood, and flint ;
For none of these his skin could penetrate ;
Then some immortal gave to me a hint

IDYLL XXVI. 287

With his own talons I might separate
The carcass and the hide : success did wait
The trial of this thought ; he soon was flayed.
I wear his hide, that serves me to rebate
Sharp-cutting war. The Nemean beast was laid
Thus low, which had of men and flocks much havoc made.'"

IDYLL XXVI.

THE BACCHANALS.

THREE troops three sisters to the mountain led ;

Agave with her cheeks that blossomed red

The bloom of apple ; and in wildest mood

Autonoa and Ino. From the wood

They stript oak-leaves and ivy green as well,

And from the ground the lowly asphodel ;

In a pure lawn with these twelve altars placed ;

Nine Dionysus, three his mother graced ;

Then from the chest the sacred symbols moved,

And, as their god had taught them and approved,

Upon the leafy altars reverent laid.

Hid in a native mastic's sheltering shade,

Them from a steep rock Pentheus then surveyed.

Him perched aloft Autonoa first discerned,

And dreadful shrieked, and spurning overturned

The sacred orgies of the frenzied one,

Which none profane may ever look upon.

She maddened, maddened all : scared Pentheus fled,

And they, with robes drawn up, pursued : He said :

" What want ye, dames ! " Autonoa then : " Thou, fellow !

Shalt know, not hear " — and mightily did bellow,

Loud as a lioness her brood defending ;

His mother clutched his head, whilst Ino rending

Tore off his shoulder, trod and trampled o'er him ;

Autonoa likewise : limb from limb they tore him.

Then all returned to Thebes ; defiled with gore,

They of their Pentheus only fragments bore,

Their after-grief. This troubles not my mind :

Not let another, impotent and blind,

288 THEOCRITUS.

Name Dionysus as hereby defiled, —

Nor though he harsher used some curious child.

May I my life to holy courses give,

Dear to the holy who reproachless live !

This omen, sent from asgis-bearing Jove,

Shows what he hates, and what his thoughts approve ;

Blest are the children of the godly — ever ;

Blest are the children of the godless — never.

Hail, Blessed ! whom Jove's thigh enclosed for us,

Till thou wert born on snowy Dracanus.

Hail, Semele ! Cadmean sisters, hail !

Whose names in songs of heroines prevail.

By Dionysus this (no need of shame)

Possest ye did. The gods let no man blame.

IDYLL XXVII.

THE FOND DISCOURSE OF DAPHNIS AND THE DAMSEL.
CHLOE.

A COWHERD with chaste Helen ran away.

DAPHNIS.

This Helen here was kist by one to-day.

CHLOE.

Boast not : they say there's nothing in a kiss.

DAPHNIS.
But in mere kissing is some touch of bliss.

CHLOE.

I wipe my mouth — and off thy kiss is ta'en.

DAPHNIS.

Wipe you your mouth ? then let me kiss again.

CHLOE.
Calves, not a maid, to kiss doth you beseem.

DAPHNIS.
Boast not : thy youth is flying like a dream.

CHLOE.

Ripe grapes are raisins, and dry roses sweet.

DAPHNIS.
Come to yon olives : I would fain repeat —

IDYLL XXVII. 289

CHLOE.

I will not : you deceived me once indeed.

DAPHNIS.
Come to yon elms, and hear me play my reed.

CHLOE.

Play to yourself : nought wretched pleases me.

DAPHNIS.
Take heed : the Paphian will be wroth with thee.

CHLOE.

A fig for her, if Artemis be kind.
DAPHNIS.
Hush ! lest she smite you and for ever bind.

CHLOE.
Not me — my guard is Artemis the wise.

DAPHNIS.
Canst thou fly Love — none other virgin flies ?

CHLOE.
By Pan ! I fly him : he doth ever drive you.

DAPHNIS.
I fear that Love to some worse man may give you.

CHLOE.
Many have woo'd me, but have pleased me — none.

DAPHNIS.
And I am come — of many wooers one.

CHLOE.
What can I do ? marriage brings only care.

DAPHNIS.
Not pain, nor grief, but joys which sweetest are.

CHLOE.
They say that women fear their wedded dears.

DAPHNIS.
They rule them rather : show me one that fears.

CHLOE.
LucinaVbolt — the child-bed pang I dread.

DAPHNIS.
Thy sovran, Artemis, puts wives to bed.

CHLOE.

Child-bearing will my fine complexion blight.

DAPHNIS.

Thy children will become thy bloom and light.

290 THEOCRITUS.

CHLOE.

If I consent, what spouse-gifts shall be mine ?

DAPHNIS.

My pastures, groves, and herd, shall all be thine.

CHLOE.
Swear, when 'tis done, thou never wilt forsake me.

DAPHNIS.
By Pan ! not even shouldst thou try to make me.

CHLOE.

Chamber and hall will you for me provide ?

DAPHNIS.
Chamber and hall, and fleeces fine beside.

CHLOE.

What ? what shall I my aged father tell ?

DAPHNIS.
Hearing my name, he'll like thy marriage well.

CHLOE.
Repeat it : oft a name sweet influence has.

DAPHNIS.

Daphnis, Nomasa's son by Lycidas.

CHLOE.

A good descent, but than mine own not higher.

DAPHNIS.

I know it well — Menalcas is thy sire.

CHLOE.

Show me thy grove, where stands thy wealthy stall.

DAPHNIS.

See where for me flowers many a cypress tall.

CHLOE.

Feed, goats ! while I my lover's wealth inspect.

DAPHNIS.

Feed, bulls ! while I the virgin's way direct.

CHLOE.
Hands off ! what business have they in my dress !

DAPHNIS.

First these love-apples will I gently press.

CHLOE.

By Pan ! I shudder — take your hand away.

DAPHNIS.

Dear little trembler ! your alarm allay.

IDYLL XXVII. 291

CHLOE.

The ditch is dirty : would you throw me down ?

DAPHNIS.

I spread a soft white fleece beneath your gown.

CHLOE.

Why do you loose my zone ? what do you mean ?

DAPHNIS.

This first I offer to the Paphian queen.

CHLOE.
Some one will see us : hist ! I hear a sound.

DAPHNIS.
The cypresses thy marriage Avhisper round.

CHLOE.

My dress is spoiled : ah me i what shall I do ?

DAPHNIS.
I'll give thee, love, a better one and new.

CHLOE.

Perhaps e'en salt you will not give to me.

DAPHNIS.
Would I could give my very soul to thee !

CHLOE.

Pardon, Queen Artemis ! my broken vow.

DAPHNIS.
Eros a calf, Cypris shall have a cow.

CHLOE.

I go a woman, who a virgin came.

DAPHNIS.
For virgin thine a wife's and mother's name.

Thus whispered they, their youthful prime enjoying,
With their fresh limbs in furtive marriage toying.
She rose and to her flock went, seeming sad,
Blushing and shamefaced, but at heart was glad ;
And to his herd the happy Daphnis sped,
Rejoicing greatly in his marriage-bed.

IDYLL XXVIII.

THE DISTAFF.

DISTAFF ! quick implement of busy thrift,

Which housewives ply, blue-eyed Athene's gift !

We go to rich Miletus, where is seen

The fane of Cypris 'mid the rushes green :

Praying to mighty Zeus for voyage fair,

Thither to Nicias would I now repair,

Delighting and delighted by my host,

Whom the sweet-speaking Graces love the most

Of all their favourites ; thee, distaff bright !

Of ivory wrought with art most exquisite,

A present for his lovely wife I take.

With her thou many various works shalt make ;

Garments for men, and such as women wear

Of silk, whose colour is the sea-blue clear.

And she so diligent a housewife is,

That ever for well-ankled Theugenis

Thrice in a year are shorn the willing sheep

Of the fine fleeces which for her they keep.

She loves what love right-minded women all ;

For never should a thriftless prodigal

Own thee with my consent : 'twere shame and pity !

Since thou art of that most renowned city,

Built by Corinthian Archias erewhile,

The marrow of the whole Sicilian isle.

But in the house of that physician wise,

Instructed how by wholesome remedies

From human-kind diseases to repel,

Thou shalt in future with lonians dwell,

In .beautiful Miletus ; that the fame

For the best distaff Theugenis may claim,

And thou may'st ever to her mind suggest

The memory of her song-loving guest.

The worth of offering from friend we prize

Not in the gift but in the giver lies.

IDYLL XXIX.

LOVES.

THEY say, my dear, that wine and truth agree :

To speak truth in my cups beseemeth me.

And I will tell you all my secret thought ;

You do not wholly love me as you ought.

All of my life — the half that is not fled,

Lives only in your form — the rest is dead.

Just as you will, my life is one delight,

Like that of gods, — or glooms in thickest night.

How is it right to vex one loves you so ?

Take my advice ; you will hereafter know,

That I your elder taught you for the best,

And, to believe me, was your interest.

In one tree build one nest ; so shall not creep

Some crawling mischief to disturb your sleep.

See ! how you change about for ever now,

Never two days together on one bough.

And if one chance to praise your lovely face,

Him more than friend of three years proof you grace ;

To him that loved you first you are as cold,

As to a mere acquaintance three days old.

But now you breathe of wantonness and pride ;

Like should love like ; in love be this your guide ;

So do, and good renown you shall obtain,

And Love will never visit you with pain,

Who mortal hearts can easily subdue,

And made me, heart of iron, dote on you.

In all the changes of your fitful will,

Unchanged I live but in your kisses still.

Remember that you were last year, last week,

Younger than now : we grow old while we speak.

Wrinkles soon come ; and Youth speeds on amain,

Wings on her shoulders, ne'er to come again :

We, slow-foot mortals, cannot overtake

Birds, or what else a winged passage make.

Take thought, and be more mild : to me, who burn

In love for you, a guileless love return,

294 THEOCRITUS.

That when your bloom of youthful beauty ends,

We may be time-enduring, faithful friends.

But if you cast my words unto the wind,

Or piqued to anger murmur in your mind,

" Why dost thou trouble me ?" I for thy sake,

And thy much scorn, myself will straight betake,

Where the gold apples their sweet fragrance spread,

To Cerberus, the keeper of the dead.

Then freed from love, and all its anxious pain,

E'en at thy call, I could not come again.

IDYLL XXX.

THE DEATH OF ADONIS.

CYPRIS, when she saw Adonis
Cold and dead as any stone is,
All his dark hair out of trim,
And his fair cheek deadly dim,
Thither charged the Loves to lead
The cruel boar that did the deed.
And they, swiftly overflying
All the wood where he was lying,
Soon the hapless creature found,
And with cords securely bound.
One the captive dragged along
Holding at its end the thong ;
While another with his bow
Struck behind and made him go.
Path of fear they made him tread —
Aphrodite was his dread.

Him the goddess thus addrest :
" Of all beasts thou wickedest !
Thou ! didst thou this white thigh tear ?
Didst thou smite my husband dear ? "
Fearfully, then, answered he :
" Cypris ! I do swear to thee
By thyself and husband dear,
By the very bonds I wear,
By these huntsmen, never I

IDYLL XXX. 295

Meant to tear thy husband's thigh ;
Thinking there a statue stood,
In the fever of my blood,
I was mad a kiss to press
On the naked loveliness :
But my long tusk pierced the boy :
Punish these, and these destroy,
Tusks that worse then useless prove —
What had they to do with love ?
And if this suffice not, pray,
Cypris ! cut my lips away —
What had they to do with kissing ? "
Cypris then, her wrath dismissing,
Pitied him that knew no better ;
And she bade them loose his fetter.
The boar, from that time of her train,
Went not to the wood again ;
But, approaching to the fire,
Fairly burned out his desire.

A FRAGMENT FEOM THE BERENICE.

IF for good sport one prays and lucky gains,
Who from the sea his livelihood obtains,
His nets his plough ; let him at evening-fall,
Offering a " white fish," on this goddess call —
The fish called " white " as brightest that doth swim ;
Nor shall his prayer be without fruit for him :
For let him throw his nets into the sea,
And he shall draw them full as they can be.

EPIGRAMS.
I.

THICK-GROWING thyme,p and roses wet with dew,
Are sacred to the sisterhood divine

Of Helicon : the laurel, dark of hue,

The Delphian laurel, Pythian Ptcan, thine !

296 THEOCRITUS.

For thee shall bleed the white ram which doth chew
The downward hanging branch of turpentine.

II.

To Pan, the fair-cheeked Daphnis, whose red lip
To his sweet pipe the pastoral wild notes married,

Offered his pipe, crook, fawn-skin, spear, and scrip,
Wherein he formerly his apples carried.

III.

Daphnis ! thou sleepest on the leaf-strown ground —
Thy hunting-nets are on the mountain pight :

Thee Pan is hunting — thee Priapus crowned
With ivy and its golden berries bright :

Into the cavern both together bound :

Up ! shake off sleep, and safety find in flight.

IV.

Where yon oak-thicket by the lane appears,

A statue newly made of fig is seen,
Three-legged, the bark on still, but without ears,

Witness of many a prank upon the green.

A sacred grove runs round ; soft-bubbling near,
A spring perennial from its pebbly seat

Makes many a tree to shoot and flourish there,
The laurel, myrtle, and the cypress sweet ;

And the curled vine with clusters there doth float :
Their sharp shrill tones the vernal blackbirds ring,

And yellow nightingales take up the note,
And, warbling to the others, sweetly sing.

There, goatherd ! sit, and offer up for me
Prayer to the rural god : if from my love

He only will consent to set me free,

A kid shall bleed in honour of his grove.

If I must love, then, should my love succeed
By his good grace, the fattest lamb I rear,

A heifer, and a ram for him shall bleed :
Freely I offer, may he kindly hear !

EPIGRAMS. 297

For the Nymphs' sake thy double flute provoke
To breathe some sweetness : I the harp will take,

And make it vocal to the quill's quick stroke ;

And Daphnis from the pipe sweet sounds will shake.

Come ! let us stand beside the thick-leaved oak,
Behind the cave, and goat-foot Pan awake.

VI.

What boots it thee to weep away both eyes,

Sad Thyrsis ! of thy pretty kid bereft :
The wild wolf seizes it, and bounding flies,

And the dog barks — at his successful theft.
What profit now from weeping can arise ?

For of the kid, nor bone nor dust is left.

VII.

UPON A STATUE OF AESCULAPIUS.

The son of Poean to Miletus came,

And with the best physician, Nicias, staid,

Who, daily kindling sacrificial flame,

From fragrant cedar had this statue made.

The highest price was paid Eetion's fame,
Who all his skill upon the work outlaid.

VIII.

THE EPITAPH OF ORTHON.

Stranger ! the Syracusian Orthon gives thee charge :
Walk not o' winter nights, with many a cup

Reeling : from this, instead of country large,
I have a foreign mound — that shuts me up.

IX.

Man ! spare thy life, nor out of season be

A voyager : man's term of life soon flies.
For Thasus Cleonicus put to sea

From Co3lesyria with his merchandise :

298 THEOCRITUS.

What time the Pleiad hastes to set, went he,
And, with the Pleiad, sunk — no more to rise.

UPON A STATUE OF THE MUSES.

To you, this marble statue, Muses nine !

Xenocles placed ; the harmonist, whose skill
No man denies : owning your aid divirie,

He by your aid is unforgotten still.

XI.

AN EPITAPH ON iSUSTHENES THE PHYSIOGNOMIST,

This is the monument of Eusthenes,

Who from one's face his mind and temper knew.

In a strange land all rites the dead can please
He had — and he was dear to poets too.

Nothing was wanting to his obsequies :

Homeless, he had dear friends and mourners true.

XII.

UPON A TRIPOD DEDICATED TO BACCHUS BY DEMOTELES.

Sweet Dionysus ! sweetest god of all !
To thee this tripod and thy statue placed

The leader of the choir, Damoteles.
Only small praise did on his boyhood fall,
But now his manhood is with victory graced,
And more, that him virtue and honour please

XIII.

UPON AN IMAGE OF THE HEAVENLY APHRODITE.

The heavenly Cypris, not the popular this :

So call her bending lowly on thy knees.
The chaste Chrysogona, for nuptial bliss,

Had it set in the house of Amphicles,

Her life-long spouse — his home, heart, children, hers :
Their life, begun with thee, from year to year

EPIGRAMS. 299

Was happier, goddess ! They are ministers
Of their own blessings, who the gods revere.

XIV.

AN EPITAPH OF EURYMEDON.

Leaving a little son, Eurymedon !

Dead in thy prime, thou in this tomb dost lie ;
Thou dwellest with the blest : thy little son

The state will prize for thy dear memory.

XV.

UPON THE SAME.

Traveller ! by this it will be understood,
If thou dost equal hold the bad and good :
If not, then say : " Light lie this mound upon
The sacred head of good Eurymedon."

XVI.

UPON A STATUE OF ANACREON.

Stranger ! this statue view with care,
And say, when homeward you repair :
" In Teos lately saw these eyes
. The statue of Anacreon wise.
If ever bard in bower or hall
Sang sweetly, sweetest he of all.
Most of all things he loved in sooth
The unblown loveliness of youth."
Thus will you, stranger, in a little
Express the whole man to a tittle.

XVII.

UPON EPICHARMUS.

We Dorian Epicharmus praise in Dorian,

Who first wrote comedy, but now, alas !
Instead of the true man, the race Pelorian,

Bacchus ! to thee present him wrought in brass.

300 THEOCRITUS.

Here stands he in their wealthy Syracuse,

Known for his wealth and other service true :

To all he many a saw of practic use

Declared : and mighty honour is his due.

XVIII.

THE EPITAPH OP CLEITA, NURSE OF MEDEIUS.

Medeius to his Thracian nurse had made

This way-side monument, scored with her name :

Her nursing cares are to the woman paid :
Why not ? her usefulness shall live to fame.

XIX.

UPON ARCHILOCHUS.

Stay, and behold the old Iambic poet,

Archilochus, of infinite renown —
That he is known to east and west doth show it :

The Muses and Apollo him did crown
With choicest gifts : his was the poet's fire,
And he could sing his verses to the lyre.

XX.

UPON A STATUE OF PISANDER, WHO COMPOSED " THE
LABOURS OF HERCULES."

The poet of Camirus, first to sing
The labours of the lion-slaying king,
The quick-hand son of Zeus omnipotent,
Was our Pisander : this his monument.
They suffered many months and years to pass
After his death — but now 'tis done in brass.

XXI.

UPON HIPPONAX, THE POET.

The bard Hipponax, traveller ! lies here :
If wicked, keep aloof; if in the number

Of good men thou, of good men born, draw near,
Sit down, and, if thou wilt, in safety slumber.

IDYLL I. 301

XXII.

AN EPIGRAM OF THEOCRITUS UPON HIS OWN BOOK.

I am Theocritus, not he that was

Of Chios, but a man of Syracuse.
Philina bore me to Praxagoras :

I never flirted with another's muse.

XXIII.

With stranger and with citizen the same

I deal : your own deposit take away,
Paying the charge : excuse let others frame ;

His debts Caicus e'en at night will pay.

BION.

IDYLL I.

THE EPITAPH OF ADONIS.

I AND the Loves Adonis dead deplore :
The beautiful Adonis is indeed
Departed, parted from us. Sleep no more
In purple, Cypris ! but in watchet weed,
All- wretched ! beat thy breast and all aread —
" Adonis is no more." The Loves and I
Lament him. Oh ! her grief to see him bleed,
Smitten by white tooth on his whiter thigh,
Out-breathing life's faint sugh upon the mountain high !

Adown his snowy flesh drops the black gore ;
Stiffen beneath his brow his sightless eyes ;
The rose is off his lip ; with him no more
Lives Cytherea's kiss — but with him dies.
He knows not that her lip his cold lip tries,
But she finds pleasure still in kissing him.
Deep is his thigh-wound ; hers yet deeper lies,

302 BION.

E'en in her heart. The Oread's eyes are dim ;
His hounds whine piteously ; in most disordered trim,

Distraught, unkempt, unsandalled, Cypris rushes
Madly along the tangled thicket-steep ;
Her sacred blood is drawn by bramble-bushes ;
Her skin is torn ; with wailings wild and deep
She wanders through the valley's weary sweep,
Calling her boy-spouse, her Assyrian fere.
But from his thigh the purple jet doth leap
Up to his snowy navel ; on the clear
Whiteness beneath his paps the deep-red streaks appear.

"Alas for Cypris !" sigh the Loves, " deprived
Of her fair spouse, she lost her beauty's pride ;
Cypris was lovely whilst Adonis lived,
But with Adonis all her beauty died."
Mountains, and oaks, and streams, that broadly glide,
Or wail or weep for her ; in tearful rills
For her gush fountains from the mountain side ;
Redden the flowers from grief; city and hills
With ditties sadly wild, lorn Cytherea fills'.

Alas for Cypris ! dead is her Adonis,
And Echo " dead Adonis " doth resound.
Who would not grieve for her whose love so lone is ?
But when she saw his cruel, cruel wound,
The purple gore that ran his wan thigh round,
She spread her arms, and lowly murmured : " Stay thee,
That I may find thee as before I found,
My hapless own Adonis ! and embay thee,
And mingle lips with lips, whilst in my arms I lay thee.

" Up for a little ! kiss me back again
The latest kiss — brief as itself that dies
In being breathed, until I fondly drain
The last breath of my soul, and greedy-wise
Drink it into my core. I will devise
To guard it as Adonis — since from me
To Acheron my own Adonis flies,
And to the drear dread king ; but I must be
A goddess still and live, nor can I follow thee.

IDYLL I. 3C

" But thou, Persephona ! my spouse receive,
Mightier than I, since to thy chamber drear
All bloom of beauty falls : but I must grieve
Unceasingly. I have a jealous fear
Of thee, and weep for him. My dearest dear !
Art dead, indeed ? away my love did fly,
E'en as a dream. At home my widowed cheer
Keeps the Loves idle ; with thy latest sigh
My cestus perished too ; thou rash one ! why, oh why

" Did'st hunt ? so fair, contend with monsters grim ? "
Thus Cypris wailed ; but dead Adonis lies ;
For every gout of blood that fell from him,
She drops a tear ; sweet flowers each dew supplies —
Hoses his blood, her tears anemonies.
Cypris ! no longer in the thickets weep ;
The couch is furnished ! there in loving guise
Upon thy proper bed, that odorous heap,
The lovely body lies — how lovely ! as in sleep.

Come ! in those softest vestments now array him
In which he slept the live-long night with thee ;
And in the golden settle gently lay him, —
A sad, yet lovely sight ; and let him be
High heaped with flowers ; though withered all when he
Surceased. With essences him sprinkle o'er
And ointments ; let them perish utterly,
Since he, who was thy sweetest, is no more.
He lies in purple ; him the weeping Loves deplore.

Their curls are shorn : one breaks his bow ; another
His arrows and the quiver ; this unstrings,
And takes Adonis' sandal off ; his brother
In golden urn the fountain water brings ;
This bathes his thighs ; that fans him with his wings.
The Loves, " Alas for Cypris ! " weeping say :
•Hymen hath quenched his torches ; shreds and flings
The marriage wreath away ; and for the lay
Of love is only heard the doleful " weal-away."

Yet more than Hymen for Adonis weep

The Graces ; shriller than Dione vent

Their shrieks ; for him the Muses wail and keep

304 BION.

Singing the songs he hears not, with intent
To call him back : and would the nymph relent,
How willingly would he the Muses hear !
Hush ! hush ! to-day, sad Cypris ! and consent
To spare thyself — no more thy bosom tear —
For thou must wail again, and weep another year.

IDYLL II.

EROS AND THE FOWLER.

HUNTING the birds within a bosky grove,

A birder, yet a boy, saw winged Love

Perched on a box-tree branch ; rejoicing saw

What seemed a large bird, and began to draw

His rods together, and he thought to snare

Love, that kept ever hopping here and there.

Then fretting that he could not gain his end,

Casting his rods down, sought his aged friend,

Who taught him bird-catching — his story told,

And showed Love perching. Smiled the ploughman old,

And shook his head, replying to the boy :

" Against this bird do not your rods employ ;

It is an evil creature ; shun him — flee ;

Until you take him, happy will you be.

But if you ever come to manhood's day,

He that now flies you and still bounds away,

Will of himself, by no persuasion led,

Come suddenly and sit upon your head."

IDYLL III.

THE TEACHER TAUGHT.

BY me in my fresh prime did Cypris stand,
Leading the child Love in her lovely hand ;
He kept his eyes fixt, downcast on the ground,
While in mine ears his mother's words did sound
" Dear herdsman, take and teach for me, I pray,
Eros to sing ; " she said, and went her way.

IDYLLS IV. V. 305

Him, as one fain to learn, without ado
I then began to teach whate'er I knew —
Fool that I was ! how first great Pan did suit
With numerous tones his new-invented flute ;
Athene wise the straight pipe's reedy hollow j
Hermes his shell ; his cithern sweet Apollo.
I taught him this ; he heeded not my lore,
But sang me his love-ditties evermore —
His mother's doings — how Immortals yearn
With fond desires, and how poor mortals burn.
All I taught Eros I have quite forgot ;
But his love-ditties — I forget them not.

IDYLL IV.

THE POWEK OF LOVE.

THE Muses fear not, but with heart-love true
Affect wild Eros, and his steps pursue.
And if one sings with cold and loveless heart,
They shun him, and will never teach their art.
But if one sings Love's agitated thrall,
To him in flowing stream they hasten all.
Of this myself am proof ; for whensoe'er
For some Immortal else or mortal here
I would the glowing path of song explore,
Stammers my tongue, and sings not as before ;
But glad and gushing flows the strain from me,
Whene'er I sing of Love or Clymene.

IDYLL V.

LIFE TO BE ENJOYED.

IF sweet my songs, or these sufficient be
Which I have sung to give renown to me,
I know not : but it misbeseems to strain
At things we have not learned, and toil in vain.

306 BION..

If sweet these songs are not, what profit more

Have I to labour at them o'er and o'er ?

If Saturn's son and changeful Fate assigned

A double life -time to our mortal kind,

That one in joys and one in woes be past,

Who had his woes first would have joys at last.

But since Heaven wills one life to man should fall,

And this is very brief — too brief for all

We think to do, why should we fret and moil,

And vex ourselves with never-ending toil ?

To what end waste we life exhaust our health

On gainful arts, and sigh for greater wealth ?

We surely all forget our mortal state —

How brief the life allotted us by Fate !

IDYLL VI.

CLEODAMUS AND MYRSON.
CLEODAMUS.

WHAT sweet for you has Summer or the Spring,
What joy does Autumn or the Winter bring ?
Which season do you hail with most delight ?
Summer, whose fulness doth our toils requite ?
Or the sweet Autumn, when but slight distress
From hunger falls on mortal wretchedness ?
Or lazy Winter — since but few are loath
To cheer themselves with fire-side ease and sloth ?
Or the Spring, blushing with its bloom of flowers ?
Tell me your choice, since leisure-time is ours.

MYRSON.

For man to judge things heavenly is unmeet,
And all these seasons holy are and sweet.
But I to please you will indulge your ear,
And tell my favourite season of the year.
Not Summer — then I feel the scorching sun ;
Nor Autumn — then their course diseases run ;
And hard I find to bear the Winter frore,
The chilling snow I fear, and crystal hoar.

IDYLL VII. X.

Of all the year the Spring delights me most,
Free from the scorching sun, and bitter frost.
All life-containing shapes conceive in Spring,
And all sweet things are sweetly blossoming ;
And in that season of the year's delight
There is for men an equal day and night.

VII.

ON HYACINTHUS.

PHCEBUS tried all his means, and thought of new,
Scarce knowing what he did in his distress ;

With nectar bathed him, with ambrosial dew ;
But Fate made remedies remediless.

VIII.

FRIENDSHIP.

HAPPY is love or friendship when returned —
The lovers whose pure flames have equal burned.
Happy was Theseus, e'en in Tartarus,
With his true heart-friend, good Pirithous.
His Pylades Orestes lorn did bless
Amid th' inhospitable Chalybes.
Blest was Achilles in a friend long tried ;
Him living loved, for his sake gladly died !

IX.

Yourself to artists always to betake,

And on yourself in nothing to rely
Is misbeseeming : friend ! your own pipe make —

The work is easy, if you will but try.

May Love the Muses evermore invite,
The Muses bring me Love ! and to requite
My passion, may they give sweet song to me,
Than which no sweeter remedy can be.
x 2

308 BION.

When drop on drop, they say, doth ever follow,
'Twill wear the stone at last into a hollow.

XII.

I to the sandy shore and seaward slope

Will go, and try with murmured song to bend

The cruel Galatea : my sweet hope

I'll cast away — when life itself doth end.

XIII.

Oh, leave me not unhonoured ! Artists aim
And reach at excellence, provoked by Fame.

XIV.

Woman's strength is in her beauty ; —
Man's — to bear and dare for duty.

IDYLL XV.

THE EPITHALAMIUM OF ACHILLES AND DEIPAMIA.

Myrson. Lycidas.

MYKSON.

WILL you, my Lycidas, now sing for me
A soothing, sweet Sicilian melody —
A love-song, such as once the Cyclops young
On the sea-shore to Galatea sung ?

LYCIDAS.
I'll pipe or sing for you : what shall it be ?

MYRSON.

The song of Scyros dearly pleases me,
Sweet love — the pleasant life Pelides led —
His furtive kisses, and the furtive bed.
How he, a boy, put on a virgin's dress,
Assumed a virgin's mien, and seemed no less ;
And how Deidamia, maiden coy,
Found her girl bedmate was a wicked boy.

IDYLL XVI. 309

LYCIDAS.

The herdsman, Paris, on an evil day,

To Ida bore the lovely Helena.

CEnone grieved ; and Lacedtemon raged,

And all th' Achaean s in the feud engaged :

Hellenes, Elians, and Mycenians, came,

And brave Laconians, to retake the dame.

When Greece her battle led across the deep,

Himself at home no warrior then might keep.

Achilles only went not then, indeed,

Hid with the daughters of king Lycomede.

A seeming virgin with a virgin's bloom,

Instead of arms his white hand plied the loom.

No virgin of them all had airs more fine,

A rosier cheek, or step more feminine :

He veiled his hair ; but Mars and fiery Love,

That stings young manhood, all his thoughts did move.

He lingered by Deidamia's side,

Close as he could, from morn till eventide :

Often he kissed her hand, and often raised

Her broidered work : her work and fingers praised.

Of all the maids his only messmate she ;

And he would fain his bedmate have her be.

And thus he sued with furtive meaning deep : —

" With one another other sisters sleep ;

In station, love, and age, we twain are one,

Why should we, maidens both, each sleep alone ?

Since we together are all day, I wonder

Why we are made at night to sleep asunder ? "

IDYLL XVI.

TO THE EVENING STAR.

HESPEB ! sweet Aphrodite's golden light !
Hesper ! bright ornament of swarthy Night,
Inferior to the Moon's clear sheen, as far
As thou outshinest every other star ;
Dear Hesper, hail ! and give thy light to me,
Leading the festive shepherd company.
For her new course to-day began the Moon,

310 MOSCHUS.

And is already set — 0 much too soon !

'Tis not for impious theft abroad I stir,

Nor to way-lay the nightly traveller :

I love ; and thou, bright star of love ! shouldst lend

The lover light- — his helper and his friend.

IDYLL XVII.

LOVE RESISTLESS.

BRIGHT Cypris ! goddess ever meek and mild,
Of mightiest Zeus and loveliest sea-nymph child,
Why with Immortals and our mortal kind
Art thou so wroth ? what stung thy gentle mind
To bring forth Love ? who wills at all to strike,
His cruel heart his person how unlike !
Winged and far-darter why didst make him, why,
That we the cruel one can never fly ?

MOSCHUS.

IDYLL I.

LOVE A RUNAWAY.

HER~Eros thus proclaimed the Cyprian Queen : —

" If any one has in the highway seen

My straying Eros, and reports to me

His whereabouts, he shall rewarded be ;

A kiss for him ; but if it shall betide

One bring him me, a kiss — and more beside.

Midst twenty he is notable to view ;

Not fair, but flamy, is his dazzling hue ;

Sharp are his eyes, and flame their glances fleet ;

His mind is wicked, but his speech is sweet.

His word and meaning are not like at all ;

His word is honey, and his meaning gall.

IDYLL II. 311

He is a mischievous, deceitful child ;

Beguiles with falsehood, laughs at the beguiled.

He has a lovely head of curling hair,

But saucy features, with a reckless stare.

His hands are tiny, but afar they throw,

E'en down to Dis and Acheron below.

Naked his form, his mind in covert lies ;

Winged as a feathered bird, he careless flies

From girls to boys, from men to women flits,

Sports with their heart-strings, on their vitals sits.

Small is his bow, his arrow small to sight,

But to Jove's court it wings its ready flight.

Upon his back a golden quiver sounds,

Full of sharp darts, with which e'en me he wounds.

All cruel things by cruel Love are done ;

His torch is small, yet scorches e'en the sun.

But should you take him — fast and safely bind him,

And bring him to me with his hands behind him.

If he should weep, take heed — he weeps at will ;

But should he smile — then drag him faster still ;

And should he offer you a kiss, beware !

Evil his kiss, his red lips poisoned are !

And should he say, with seeming friendship hot,

' Accept my bow and arrows,' touch them not !

Tears, smiles, words, gifts, deceitful wiles inspire,

And every thing he has is dipt in fire."

IDYLL II.

EUROPA.

CYPRIS, when all but shone the dawn's glad beam,

To fair Europa sent a pleasant dream ;

When sleep, upon the close-shut eyelids sitting.

Sweeter than honey, is eye-fetters knitting,

The limb-dissolving sleep ! when to and fro

True dreams, like sheep at pasture, come and go.

Europa, sleeping in her upper room,

The child of Phoenix, in her virgin bloom,

Thought that she saw a contest fierce arise

Betwixt two continents, herself the prize ;

312 MOSCHUS.

They to the dreamer seemed like women quite,
Asia, and Asia's unknown opposite.
This was a stranger, that a native seemed,
And closer hugged her — so Europa dreamed ;
And called herself Europa's nurse and mother,
Said that she bore and reared her ; but that other
Spared not her hands, and still the sleeper drew,
With her good will, and claimed her as her due,
And said that Zeus JEgiochus gave her,
By Fate's appointment, that sweet prisoner.

Up-started from her couch the maiden waking,
And felt her heart within her bosom quaking ;
She thought it true, and sat in hushed surprise —
Still saw those women with her open eyes ;
Then to her timid voice at last gave vent : —
" Which of the gods to me this vision sent ?
What kind of dream is this that startled me,
And sudden made my pleasant slumber flee ?
Who was the stranger that I saw in sleep ?
What love for her did to my bosom creep !
And how she hailed me, as her daughter even !
But only turn to good my vision, Heaven ! "

So said, and bounded up, and sought her train
Of dear companions, all of noble strain,
Of equal years and stature ; gentle, kind,
Sweet to the sight, and pleasant to the mind ;
With whom she sported, when she led the choir,
Or in the river's urn -like reservoir
She bathed her limbs, or in the meadow stopt,
And from its bosom odorous lilies cropt.
And soon around her shone the lovely band,
Her flower-basket in each maiden's hand ;
And to the meadows near the pleasant shore
They sped, where they had often sped before,
Pleased with the roses growing in their reach,
And with the waves that murmured on the beach.

A basket by Hephaestus wrought of gold,
Europa bore — a marvel to behold ;
He gave it Libya, when, a blooming bride,
She went to grace the great Earth-shaker's side ;

IDYLL II. 313

She gave it Telephassa fair and mild,

Who now had given it to her virgin child.

Therein were many sparkling wonders wrought —

The hapless 16 to the sight was brought ;

A heifer's for a virgin's form she wore ;

The briny paths she frantic wandered o'er,

And was a swimming heifer to the view,

While the sea round her darkened into blue.

Two men upon a promontory stood,

And watched the heifer traversing the flood.

Again where seven-mouthed Nile divides his strand,

Zeus stood and gently stroked her with his hand,

And from her horned figure and imbruted

To her original form again transmuted.

In brass the heifer — Zeus was wrought in gold ;

Nile softly in a silver current rolled.

And to the life was watchful Hermes shown

Under the rounded basket's golden crown ;

And Argus near him with unsleeping eyes

Lay stretched at length ; then from his blood did rise

The bird, exulting in the brilliant pride

Of his rich plumes and hues diversified,

And like a swift ship with her out-spread sail,

Expanding proudly his resplendent tail,

The basket's golden rim he shadowed o'er :

Such was the basket fair Europa bore.

They reached the mead with vernal blossoms full,
And each began her favourite flowers to pull.
Narcissus one ; another thyme did get ;
This hyacinth, and that the violet ;
And of the spring-sweets in the meadow found
Much scented bloom was scattered on the ground.
Some of the troop in rivalry chose rather
The sweet and yellow crocuses to gather ;
Shining, as mid the Graces Cypris glows,
The princess in the midst preferred the rose :
Nor long with flowers her gentle fancy charmed,
Nor long she kept her virgin flower unharmed.
With love for her was Saturn's son inflamed,
By unexpected darts of Cypris tamed,

314 MOSCHTJS.

Who only tames e'en Zeus. To shun the rage

Of Here, and the virgin's mind engage,

To draw her eyes and her attention claim,

He hid his godhead and a bull became ;

Not such as feeds at stall, or then or now,

The furrow cuts and draws the crooked plough ;

Not such as feeds the lowing kine among,

Or trails in yoke the heavy wain along ;

His body all a yellow hue did own,

But a white circle in his forehead shone ;

His sparkling eyes with love's soft lustre gleamed ;

His arched horns like Dian's crescent seemed.

He came into the meadow, nor the sight

Fluttered the virgins into sudden flight.

But they desired to touch and see him near ;

His breath surpassed the meadow-sweetness there.

Before Europa's feet he halted meek,

Licked her fair neck, and eke her rosy cheek ;

Threw round his neck her arms the Beautiful,

Wiped from his lips the foam and kissed the bull ;

Softly he lowed ; no lowing of a brute

It seemed, but murmur of Mygdonian flute ;

Down on his knees he slunk ; and first her eyed,

And then his back, as asking her to ride.

The long-haired maidens she began to call : —

" Come let us ride, his back will hold us all,

E'en as a ship ; a bull unlike the rest,

As if a human heart were in his breast,

He gentle is and tractable and meek,

And wants but voice his gentleness to speak."

She said, and mounted smiling, but before
Another did, he bounded for the shore.
The royal virgin, struck with instant fear,
Stretched out her hands and called her playmates dear ;
But how could they the ravished princess reach ?
He, like a dolphin, pushed out from the beach.
From their sea-hollows swift the Nereids rose,
Seated on seals, and did his train compose ;
Poseidon went before, and smooth did make
The path of waters for his brother's sake ;

IDYLL II. 315

Around their king in close array did keep

The loud-voiced Tritons, minstrels of the deep,

And with their conchs proclaimed the nuptial song.

But on Jove's bull-back as she rode along,

The maid with one hand grasped his branching horn,

The flowing robe, that did her form adorn,

Raised with the other hand, and tried to save

From the salt moisture of the saucy wave ;

Her robe, inflated by the wanton breeze,

Seemed like a ship's sail hovering o'er the seas.

But when, her father-land no longer nigh,

Nor sea-dashed shore was seen, nor mountain high,

But only sky above, and sea below —

She said, and round her anxious glance did throw : —

" Whither with me, portentous bull ? discover
This and thyself: and how canst thou pass over
The path of waters, walking on the wave,
And dost not fear the dangerous path to brave ?
Along this tract swift ships their courses keep,
But bulls are wont to fear the mighty deep.
What pasture here ? what sweet drink in the brine ?
Art thou a god ? thy doings seem divine.
Nor sea-born dolphins roam the flowery mead,
Nor earth-born bulls through Ocean's realm proceed j
Fearless on land, and plunging from the shores
Thou roamest ocean, and thy hoofs are oars.
Perchance anon, up-borne into the sky,
Thou without wings like winged birds wilt fly !
Ah me unhappy ! who my father's home
Have left and with a bull o'er ocean roam,
A lonely voyager ! my helper be,
Earth-shaking regent of the hoary sea !
I hope to see this voyage's cause and guide,
For not without a god these things betide."

To her the horned bull with accent clear : —
" Take courage, virgin ! nor the billow fear ;
The seeming bull is Zeus ; for I with ease
Can take at will whatever form I please ;
My fond desire for thy sweet beauty gave
To me this shape — my footstep to the wave.

316 SIOSCHUS.

Dear Crete, that nursed me, now shall welcome thee ;
In Crete Europa's nuptial rites shall be ;
From our embrace illustrious sons shall spring,
And every one of them a sceptred king." —

And instantly they were in Crete : his own
Form Zeus put on — and off her virgin zone.
Strowed the glad bed the Hours, of joy profuse ;
The whilom virgin was the bride of Zeus.

IDYLL III.

THE EPITAPH OF BION, A LOVING HERDSMAN.

YE mountain valleys, pitifully groan !
Rivers and Dorian springs, for Bion weep !
Ye plants, drop tears ! ye groves, lamenting moan !
Exhale your life, wan flowers ; your blushes deep
In grief, anemonies and roses, steep !
In softest murmurs, Hyacinth ! prolong
The sad, sad woe thy lettered petals keep ;
Our minstrel sings no more his friends among —
Sicilian Muses ! now begin the doleful song.

Ye nightingales, that 'mid thick leaves let loose
The gushing gurgle of your sorrow, tell
The fountains of Sicilian Arethuse
That Bion is no more — with Bion fell
The song, the music of the Dorian shell.
Ye swans of Strymon, now your banks along
Your plaintive throats with melting dirges swell
For him who sang like you the mournful song :
Discourse of Bion's death the Thracian nymphs among ;

The Dorian Orpheus, tell them all, is dead.
His herds the song and darling herdsman miss,
And oaks, beneath whose shade he propt his head :
Oblivion's ditty now he sings for Dis :
The melancholy mountain silent is ;
His pining cows no longer wish to feed^
But mourn for him : Apollo wept, I wis,
For thee, sweet Bion ! and in mourning weed
The brotherhood of Fauns, and all the Satyr breed.

IDYLL III.

The tears by Naiads shed are brimful bourns ;
Afflicted Pan thy stifled music rues ;
Lorn Echo 'mid her rocks thy silence mourns,
Nor with her mimic tones thy voice renews ;
The flowers their bloom, the trees their fruitage lose ;
No more their milk the drooping ewes supply ;
The bees to press their honey now refuse ;
What need to gather it and lay it by,
When thy own honey-lip, my Bion ! thine is dry ?

Sicilian Muses ! lead the doleful chaunt :
Not so much near the shore the dolphin moans ;
Nor so much wails within her rocky haunt
The nightingale ; nor on their mountain thrones
The swallows utter such lugubrious tones ;
Nor so much Ce'yx wailed for Halcyon,
Whose song the blue wave, where he perished, owns ;
Nor in the valley, neighbour to the sun,
The funeral birds so wail their Memnon's tomb upon —

As these moan, wail, and weep, their Bion dead.
The nightingales and swallows, whom he taught,
For him their elegiac sadness shed ;
And all the birds contagious sorrow caught ;
The sylvan realm was all with grief distraught.
Who bold of heart will play on B ion's reed,
Fresh from his lip, yet with his breathing fraught ?
For still among the reeds does Echo feed
On Bion's minstrelsy. Pan only may succeed

To Bion's pipe ; to him I make the gift :
But lest he second seem, e'en Pan may fear
The pipe of Bion to his mouth to lift.
For thee sweet Galatea drops the tear,
And thy dear song regrets, which sitting near
She fondly listed ; ever did she flee
The Cyclops and his song ; but far more dear
Thy song and sight than her own native sea :
On the deserted sands the nymph without her fee

Now sits and weeps, or weeping tends thy herd.
Away with Bion all the muse-gifts flew —
The chirping kisses breathed at every word :

318 MOSCHUS.

Around thy tomb the Loves their playmate rue ;
Thee Cypris loved more than the kiss she drew
And breathed upon her dying paramour.
Most musical of rivers ! now renew
Thy plaintive murmurs : Meles ! now deplore
Another son of song, as thou didst wail of yore

That sweet, sweet mouth of dear Calliope :
The threne, 'tis said, thy waves for Homer spun
With saddest music filled the refluent sea ;
Now melting wail and weep another son !
Both loved of fountains — that of Helicon
Gave Melesigenes his pleasant draught ;
To this sweet AretLuse did Bion run,
And from her urn the glowing rapture quaft :
Blest was the bard who sang how Helen bloomed and laught :

On Thetis' mighty son his descant ran,
And Menelaus ; but our Bion chose
Not arms and tears to sing, but Love and Pan ;
While browsed his herd, his gushing music rose ;
He milked his kine ; did pipes of reeds compose ;
Taught how to kiss ; and fondled in his breast
Young Love and Cypris pleased. For Bion flows
In every glorious land a grief confest :
Ascra for her own bard, wise Hesiod, less exprest :

Boeotian Hylas mourned for Pindar less ;
Teos regretted less her minstrel hoar,
And Mytelene her sweet poetess ;
Nor for Alcaeus Lesbos suffered more ;
Nor lovely Pares did so much deplore
Her own Archilochus. Breathing her fire
Into her sons of song, from shore to shore
For thee the Pastoral Muse attunes her lyre
To woeful utterance of passionate desire.

Sicelidas, the famous Samian star,

And he with smiling eye and radiant face,

Cydonian Lycidas, renowned afar,

Lament thee ; where quick Hales runs his race,

Philetus wails ; Theocritus, the grace

Of Syracuse, thee mourns ; nor these among

IDYLL III. 319

Am I remiss Ausonian wreaths to place
Around thy tomb : to me doth it belong
To chaunt for thee from whom I learnt the Dorian song.

Me with thy minstrel skill as proper heir
Others thou didst endow with thine estate.
Alas ! alas ! when in a garden fair
Mallows, crisp dill, or parsley yields to fate,
These with another year rcgerminate ;
But when of mortal life the bloom and crown,
The wise, the good, the valiant, and the great
Succumb to death, in hollow earth shut down
We sleep — for ever sleep — for ever lie unknown.

Thus art thou pent, while frogs may croak at will ;
I envy not their croak. Thee poison slew —
How kept it in thy mouth its nature ill ?
If thou didst speak, what cruel wretch could brew
The draught ? He did, of course, thy song eschew.
But justice all o'ertakes. My tears fast flow
For thee, my friend ! Could I, like Orpheus true,
Odysseus, or Alcides, pass below
To gloomy Tartarus, how quickly would I go !

To see and haply hear thee sing for Dis !
But in the Nymph's ear warble evermore,
My dearest friend ! thy sweetest harmonies :
For whilom, on her own Etnoean shore,
She sang wild snatches of the Dorian lore.
Nor will thy singing unrewarded be ;
Thee to thy mountain haunts she will restore,
As she gave Orpheus his Eurydice.
Could I charm Dis with songs, I too would sing for thee.

IDYLL IV.

MEGARA, THE WIPE OF HERCULES.

" WHY dost thou vex thy spirit, mother mine ?
Why fades thy cheek ? at what dost thou repine ?
Because thy son must serve a popinjay,
As though a lion did a fawn obey ?

320 MOSCHUS.

Why have the gods so much dishonoured me ?

Why was I born to such a destiny ?

Spouse of a- man I cherished as mine eyes,

For whom heart-deep my vowed affection lies,

Yet must I see him crossed by adverse fate,

Of mortal men the most misfortunate !

Who with the arrows, which Apollo — no !

Some Fate or Fury did on him bestow,

In his own house his own sons raging slew —

Where in the house was not the purple dew ?

I saw them slain by him ; I — I, their mother,

Did see their father slaughter them ; none other

Had e'er a dream like this ; to me they cried,

' Mother ! save us ! ' what could I do ? they died.

As when a bird bewails her callow young,

O'er whom, unfeathered yet, she fondly hung,

Which now a fierce snake in the bush devours —

Flies round and round — shrieks — cannot help them — cowers,

Nor nearer dares approach her cruel foe :

Thus I, most wretched mother ! to and fro

Rushed madly through the house, my children dear,

My dead, dead children wailing every where.

Would that I too had with my children died,

The poisoned arrow sticking in my side !

Then with fast tears my mother and my sire

Had laid me with them on the funeral pyre ;

And to my birth-land given, on their return,

Our mingled ashes in one golden urn :

But they in Thebes, renowned for steeds, remain,

And still they farm their old Aonian plain ;

But in steep Tiryns I must dwell apart,

With many sorrows gnawing at my heart ;

Mine eyes are fountains, which I cannot close ;

I seldom see him, and but brief repose

My hapless husband is allowed at home ;

By sea or land he must for ever roam ;

None but a heart of iron, or of stone,

Could bear the labours he has undergone.

Thou, too, like water, meltest still away,

For ever weeping every night and day.

None of my kin is here to comfort me,

IDYLL IY. 321

For they beyond the piny isthmus be ;
There's none to whom I may pour out my woes,
And like a woman all my heart disclose,
But sister Pyrrha ; — but she too forlorn
For her Iphicles, thine and hers doth mourn ;
Unhappiest mother thou ! in either son —
Twin stamps of Zeus, and of Amphitryon."

And, while she spoke, from either tearful well
The large drops faster on her bosom fell,
While she her slaughtered children called to mind,
And parents in her country left behind.
With tear-stained cheek, and many a groan and sigh,
Alcmena to her son's wife made reply —

" Why, hapless mother ! with this train of thought
Dost thou provoke the grief that comes unsought ?
Why dost thou talk these dreadful sorrows o'er,
Now wept by us — as we have wept before ?
Are not the new griefs that we look to see
From day to day, enough for you and me ?
Lover of dole were he, who would recount
Our tale of woes, and find their whole amount !
Take heart, and bear those ills we cannot cure,
But by the will of heaven we must endure.
And yet I cannot bid thee cease to grieve,
For even joy to spend itself has leave.
For thee I wail, why wert thou doomed, oh why,
To be a partner in our misery ?
I mourn that fate with ours thy fortune blends
Under the woe that over us impends.
Ye ! by whose names unpunished none forswear,
Persephona and dread Demeter, hear !
Not less on thee has my true love reposed,
Than if my womb thy body had enclosed ;
I love thee, sweetest ! as an old-age child,
That has, beyond hope, on its mother smiled ;
Thou knowest this ; then say not, I implore,
I love thee not, or foster sorrow more,
Or in my grief I careless am of thee,
Though I weep more than e'er wept Niobe.
No blame is due to her with anguish wild,

322 MOSCHUS.

Who hapless weeps for her unhappy child.
Ten weary months within my womb he lay —
What pains I suffered ere he came to day !
What pangs ! I all but said farewell to earth,
While yet my unborn lingered in the birth.
New toils now task him in a foreign plain —
Oh shall I ever see my son again ?
Besides, an awful vision of the night,
Scaring my sleep, hath filled me with affright,
And much I fear, when I my dream recall,
Lest some untoward thing my sons befall.
Methought, aside his cloak and tunic laid,
My Hercules with both hands grasped a spade,
And round a cultured field a mighty dyke
He delved, as one that toils for hire belike.
But when the dyke around the vineyard run,
And he was just about (his task now done,
The shovel thrown on the projecting rim,)
With his attire again to cover him ;
Sudden above the bank a fire burst out,
Whose greedy flames enclosed him round about :
He to the flames with rapid flight did yield,
Holding the spade before him as a shield,
And here and there he turned his anxious eye,
If he might shun his scorching enemy.
High-souled Iphicles, I remember well
As it me-seemed, rushing to help him, fell ;
Nor could he raise himself from where he rolled,
But helpless lay there like some weak man old,
Tript up by joyless age against his will ;
Stretched on the ground he was, and seeming still
Hopeless of rising, till a passer-by
In pity raised the hoar infirmity.
Thus helpless lay the warrior brave in fight ;
And I did weep to see that sorry sight —
This son stretched feeble, that engirt with flame,
Till sleep forsook me and the day-dawn came.
Such frightful visions on my sleep did fall ;
Ye gods ! on curst Eurystheus turn them all !
Oh be this presage true my wish supplies,
And may no god ordain it otherwise ! "

IDYLL V.

THE CHOICE.

WHEN on the wave the breeze soft kisses flings,
I rouse my fearful heart, and long to be
Floating at leisure on the tranquil sea ;

But when the hoary ocean loudly rings,

Arches his foamy back and spooming swings
Wave upon wave, his angry swell I flee :
Then welcome land and sylvan shade to me,

Where, if a gale blows, still the pine-tree sings.

Hard is his life whose nets the ocean sweep,
A bark his house — shy fish his slippery prey ;

But sweet to me the unsuspicious sleep
Beneath a leafy plane — the fountain's play,

That babbles idly, or whose tones, if deep,
Delight the rural ear and not affray.

IDYLL VI.

"LOVE THEM THAT LOVE YOU."

PAN Echo loved ; she loved the frisky Faun ;
The Faun to Lyda by strong love was drawn ;
As Echo Pan, the Faun did Echo burn,
And Lyda him : all fell in love in turn.
And with what scorn the loved the lover grieved
Was that one scorned, and like for like received.
Hear, heart-free ! let who love you love obtain,
That if you love, you may be loved again.

IDYLL VII.

ALPHEUS.

ALPHEUS, gliding by old Pisa's towers,
Deep in the sea his eager way pursues,

With sacred dust, and olive-leaves, and flowers,
With which he hastens to his Arethuse.

MOSCHUS.

Smoothly he runs ; the sea not feels the river
With soft unmingled stream its water rive ;

Eros it was, that subtle counsel-giver,
Who taught a river how for love to dive.

EPIGRAM.

ON EROS PLOUGHING.

His torch and quiver down sly Eros flung,

An ox-goad took in hand, a wallet slung,

Then yoked strong bulls and made the plough to train,

And as he went the furrow sowed with grain.

And looking up he said to Zeus, " Make full

The harvest, or I'll yoke Europa's bull."

FRAGMENT.

WOULD that my sire had brought me up to feed
The happy bleaters of the fleecy flocks !

'Twould soothe my sorrow then to breathe the reed
Beneath the shade of elms or hanging rocks.

Now let us fly ; and other cities seek

To be our country, dear Pierides :
But I my mind to all will plainly speak —

Injurious drones have harmed the honey-bees.

WAR-SONGS OF TYRLEUS,

WAR-SONGS OF TYRLEUS.

1 Now it is noble for a 2 brave man to die, having fallen
opposite the foremost ranks, whilst fighting for his father-land.
But most grievous of all is it for a man 3 to be a beggar, hav-
ing quitted his own city and fertile fields, and wandering
with a loved mother and aged father, with little children and
4 wedded wife. For to whomsoever he shall have come, among
them will he be hateful, yielding to need and to wretched
poverty. He disgraces his race, and 5 belies his fair beauty ;
and every kind of G dishonour and woe follows him. Besides,
for a man thus vagrant, look you, there is no care, nor has he

1 This is not a fragment, though yap is so placed. Frequent examples
of the same usage occur in Homer and Herodotus. Cf. Matt. Gr. Gr. §
615. Compare the use of " Nam " among the Latins. Yirgil, Geor. iv.
445, Nam quis te, juvenum confidentissime, iiostras jussit adire domos :
and of " quisnam " in Plautus, Curcul. 398, Nam quid id refert mea.
Terent. Andr. iii. 5, 6. — KO.\QV, noble. Cf. Soph. Antig. 72, KaXbv fiot
rovro iroiovtry Qaviiv. Virg. ^En. ii. 317, Pulchrumque mori succurrit
in armis. 2En. xi. 24 ; ix. 286. Horat. Od. ii. 2, 13, Dulce et decorum
est pro patriik mori.

' dyaObv, good in war, brave. Just as KO.KOQ stands for the opposite.
Horn. II. iv. 299 ; ii. 365. Soph. Aj. 456. Horace uses " melior " in this
sense, Od. i. 15, 28, Tydides melior patre. — Trtpi y varpiSi. In verse
14, we have irtpi in this sense with a genitive. But Homer uses it thus
with a dative. Odyss. ii. 245.

3 irTxtvtiv. This verb differs from irkvofiai. See Aristoph. Plut. 549,
OVKOVV STJTTOV ri/£ 7rrwj££taf irtviav <f>a[iev ilvai a£c\<}>r]V.

* Kovpidiy, " wedded in youth." Eustath. But Butmann (Lexil. pp.
392 — 394) shows that it means rather " lawful," regular " wedded."

s aioxvvti. Bergler, in a note at Aristoph. Aves, 1451, (TO yevoc ov
KaraiaxvvHi,') states, on the authority of Stobams, that the youth of Athens
were obliged to swear ov KaraicrxvvuJ TO. oir\a.

6 drifiia. The severity of this punishment may be judged of by the
treatment which Aristodemus met at Sparta, after his inglorious return
from Thermopylae. Cf. Herodot. vii. 229.

328 THE WAR-SONGS OF TYBT^EUS. I.

respect in time to come. 7 With spirit let us fight for this
land, and for our children die, being no longer chary of our
lives. Fight 8 then, young men, standing fast one by another,
nor 9be beginners of cowardly flight, or fear. But rouse a
great and valiant spirit in your breasts, and love not life, when
ye contend with men. And the elders, whose limbs are no
longer active, the old, 1 say, desert not or forsake. For surely
this were shameful, that fallen amid the foremost champions,
in front of the youths, an older man should lie low, 10 having
his head now white and his beard hoary, and breathing out
a valiant spirit in the dust ; whilst nhe covers with his hands
his gory loins, (which were a shame, and would make one
wroth to behold with his eyes :) and is stript as to his person :
12 yet all this befits the young, whilst, I wot, he enjoys the
13 brilliant bloom of youth; to mortal men and women he is
lovely to look upon, whilst he lives ; and noble when he has
fallen in the foremost ranks. Then let 14 every one with firm

7 Ovfitf. Cf. "Virg. Mu. ii. 617, Nuncanimis opus, ^Enea, nunc pectore
toto. Thucyd. ii. 11, c'i Xoyi<r/z<£ tXa^iirra xpwfiivoi, Bvfitf TrXclffra. eg
tpyuv KaQiaTavTat.

8 dXXd — itaque, igitur. See L. Kuster's notes ad Aristoph. Equit. 202.
He explains it as ^epe, dyt, age! Cotnp. Plut. 539 ; Nub. 1367 ; Pax,
425, &c.

8 apx£rf> a periphrasis. Cf. Corn. Nep. Pausan. iv. 6, Tanto magis
orare coepit, ne enuntiaret.

10 f)$r) XtvKov, K. T. X. So Horn. II. xxiv. 516, oiKTiipwv TroXlovre icdpjj
TroXiov rt fivtiov. Ov. Met. viii. 528, Pulvere canitiem genitor vultus-
que seniles Fcedat humi fusus.

11 aipaToivT — This regard of seemliness in death is a favourite point
with classical authors. Cf. JEsch. Agam. 241, &c.; Ov. Met. xiii. 479;
Fast. ii. 833,

Tune quoque jam moriens, ne non procumbat honeste,

Respicit : hoc etiam cura cadentis erat.

13 The scope of the passage is, no doubt, the contrast between the sight
of an old and a young hero dead on the battle-field. The young are
lovely to look on even in death. But the bald head cloven, and the
grey beard blood-stained, are sights which the young must not permit.
For the origin of the idea, see II. x. 71.

13 dyXaov dv9of. This metaphor from vegetation is very common.
Theocr. Idyll, xiv. 70, iroitiv n del, olg joi'v ^Xwpov. Horat. Epod. xiii.
4, Dumque virent genua. Ov. Trist. in. 1, 7, Quod viridi quondam
male lusit in tevo.

14 TIQ, every one, vos, or quisque, as in Horn. II. ii. 39, 'AXXa ri£
tyyvg iwv — Soph. Aj. 245, o!pa TIV ijSt) /capa, K. r. X. Aristoph. Thesm.
603, &c. — iv Siafiag is said of a warrior standing firm to throw his spear.
Cf. Aristoph. Eq. 77 ; Apollon. Rhod. iii. 1293 ; Xenoph. Eq. i. 14.

II. THE AVAR-SONGS OF Tl'RT^EUS. 329

stride await the foe, having both feet fixed on the ground,
15 biting his lip with his teeth.

II.

BUT since ye are the race of 1 invincible Hercules, be ye
of good courage ; not yet hath Zeus 2 turned his neck aside
from you. Neither fear ye, nor be affrighted at a host of men,
but let hero hold his shield right against the foremost fighters ;
having counted life hostile, and 3 the dark fates of death dear
as the rays of the sun. For ye know that the 4 works of Ares
of-many-tears are much-seen, and well have ye learned the
5 temper of troublous war. Ye have been, O young men, with
the flying and the pursuing, and have pushed on to a full
measure of both. Now of those, who dare, abiding one be-
side another, to advance to the close fray, and the foremost
champions, fewer die, and they save the people in the rear ;
but in men 6that fear, all excellence is lost. No one could
ever in words go through those several ills, which befall a
man, 7if he has been actuated by cowardice. For 'tis grievous

ls x£^°C oSovffi SO.KUV. Cf. Eurip. Bacch. 610 ; Aristoph. Vesp.
1078. Virgil depicts his warrior as " dentibus infrendens." JEn. viii. 230 ;
x. 715.

1 dviKTirov — Hercules is styled " invictus," on several Latin inscrip-
tions. Propertius so calls him in the first book, El. 20, 23, At comes
invicti juvenis precesserat ultra. — yivog. At the return of the Heracleids,
the descendants of Hercules, and the triple division of the Peloponnese,
which took place, according to tradition the sons of Aristodemus, Procles
and Eurysthenes, obtained Lacedaemon. Lycurgus was of this stock, as
were the Spartans generally. The poet urges the fact as a ground of
conridence.

2 av\(.va Xo?6i> tx£l) nas withdrawn his favour.

3 The ordinary reading here is inexplicable. Klotz prefers, as the
slightest alteration, Ktjpnc la' aiiyalatv rytXioio <j>i\ag. laa' iffuig. Grotius
suggests Kijpag bp.a>£ auyatc TjtXfoto <j>i\ag. I have translated the former
reading.

4 So the Greeks spoke of ? pya Movuwv, tpya AQpoSirtjg, tpya yd/ioto,
tpya paxiG- "Virgil, -<En. viii. 516, Militiam et grave Martis opus.

5 6pyi/v, the nature, or temper. So Thuc. i. 130, nai Ty [dpyy ovrwc
XaXnry «xP'7ro> an(l i- 140. Soph. Aj. 646. So ingenium is used by
the Latins. Sil. Ital. iv. 90, Collisque propiuqui ingenium. Ov. Met.
574, Grande dolori ingenium est.

8 Comp. Horn. II. v. 532, Qevyovrwv 5' ovr' ap' K\SOG opvvrai, ovrt TIQ
a\Kt).

1 dv atVxpd Trddy. " Qui turpiter se gesserit : Interpr." But it is

330 THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRT^EUS. II.

to wound in the rear the back of a flying man in hostile war.
Shameful too is a corpse 8 lying low in the dust, 9 wounded
behind in the back by the point of a spear. Rather let every
one with firm stride await the enemy, having both feet fixed
on the ground, biting his lip with his teeth, and having covered
with the 10 hollow of his broad shield thighs and shins below,
and breast and shoulders. But in his right hand let him
brandish a heavy lance, and u shake above his head a threaten-
ing crest. Then let him learn war, by doing bold deeds, nor
let him stand with his shield out of the range of weapons.
But let each, drawing nigh in close fray, 12hit his foe, wound-
ing him with long lance or sword. 13And having set foot
beside foot, and having fixed shield against shield, and crest
on crest, and helmet on helmet, and breast against breast,
struggle in fight with his man, having seized either the hilt of
his sword, or his long lance. But do ye, 14O light-armed
soldiers, crouching under your shields, some from one quarter,
some from another, make them fall with huge stones, and with
polished spears, as ye dart at them, and stand near to the
15 heavy-armed troops.

not to be supposed that iraa^iv is equivalent to irparreiv. See Liddell
and Scott's Lex. v. iraa\ii).

8 KaraK£i'/u£VOf. II. xix. 389, KtTerou 'OrpwrtiSr} -jravnav tKTrayXo-
TO.T dvSpwv. Cf. v. 467 ; Eurip. Orest. 1489, &c. So " jacere " in
Latin. Virg. ^En. ii. 557, Jacet ingens littore truncus. Ov. Met. ii. 268,
Corpora — exanimata jacent. Phsedr. Fab. i. 24, 10, Rupto jacuit
corpore.

9 vwrov, K. r. X., a great disgrace. Cf. Horn. II. xiii. 288. Ov. Met.
xiii. 262, Sunt et mihi vulnera, cives, Ipso pulchra loco. Fast. ii. 211,
Diffugiunt hostes inhonestaque vulnera tergo Accipiunt.

10 yaaTpl. The Greeks were wont to apply to other matters the names
of various parts of the human body. Thus, yvdOog, to fire. ^Esch.
Choeph. 325 ; Prom. 368. So xfiXog, oijipvg (supercilium, Virg. Geor. i.
108) 6ju0aXo£, ffripva yj/c- — avx*lv (collum) svpea vura 9a\a.aar}q.

11 KiveiTb). So Horn. II. y. 337, Seivbv Si Xo^oc icaQimtpOtv tvtvtv.
^Esch. S. c. Theb. 115, Kvfia do\no\6(j>wv avdpwv.

12 fXirtii. Klotz thinks this should be construed " choose out," " pick,"
as in Virg. JEn. xi. 632, legitque virum vir.

13 Kai rroSa, K. r. X. So Horn. II. xiii. 130 ; Eurip. Heracl. 836, 7 :
Virg. jEn. x. 360, Trojans acies, aciesque Latinse Concurrunt, haeret
pede pes, densusque viro vir. Ov. Met. ix. 44,

14 yvfivfiTtg, i. e. ol ^iXoi, ot a<t>ei>Sovf]Tai Kai ol ro^orat. — TrTujtrtrovrtQ,
i. q. /cpUTrro/zeyoi. Cf. 11. xxii. 14, Tpuifg TrrwcrffOJ/ virb KprjpvovQ.

15 IlavoTrXioic, for /ravoTrXiraic. Abstract for concrete. So we very
often find i>7r\a for o-rrXirai. Eurip. Orest. 444 ; Soph. Ant. 115 ; Xen,

THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRT.EUS. 331

III.

1 1 WOULD neither commemorate, nor hold in account a man,
either for excellence in running, or for wrestling ; no, nor
though he should have the bulk and strength of the Cyclopes,
and in speed surpass 2Thracian Boreas. No, nor though he
should in personal appearance be more graceful than 3Titho-
nus, and should be more rich than Midas or 4Cinyras. Nor
though he should be more kingly than Pelops, son of Tantalus,
and have the 5 soft- voiced tongue of Adrastus ; nor yet if he
should have all glory, save that of resistless valour ; for he is
not a man brave in war, 6 unless he have the courage to face
bloody slaughter, and standing near attack the foemen. But
this is excellence, this the best prize among men, and noblest
for a young man to carry off. And this is a common good to
a city, and all its people, namely, whatsoever man standing

Anab. ii. 2, 4, Arma for armati. Virg. ^fjhi. i. 509, Septa armis ; ii. 238,
Fceta armis ; v. 409, Consequimur cuncti et densis incurrimus armis. In
the same manner " Vitam " is, in Phsedr. Prol. i. 3, equivalent -to "vi-
ventes.'' "Consilia;" Cic. Ep. viii. 4, 5, consilia agitantes. Flagitia, for
facinorosos. Sallust, B. C. xiv. 1.

1 This line is quoted by Plato, de Leg. i. pp. 15, 16, (vol. vi. ed. Ast,)
and has been rendered into Latin by Erasmus, Adag. tit. " Fortitudi-
ni-s," p. 259, ed. Francof. 1670. Plato's quotation is read with nOfifjirjv,
which Stephanus would read here — iv Xoytfi TiQfirjv. Cf. Theocr. Idyll,
xiv. 48, dfifjitg 5' OVTI \6yov rivbg d%toi — optr?) from "Ap?';c, as virtus
from vir, signifies excellence of any kind. Arist. Nic. Eth. ii. 5. Lucret.
v. 964, et manuum mira freti virtute pedumque.

2 Boreas is called Thracian, because Thracian Hoemus was supposed
to be the dwelling of the blustering North wind. Callimach. H. to Dian.
114. Aip.(f> ITTI QpijiKi, iroQtv (Bopfdo KaralZ fp^trat. For comparison
of swift runners with the wind, see Horn. II. x. 437 ; Virg. JEn. vii.
206, 207, " Cursuque pedum prsevertere ventos."

3 Tithonus. Horat. Od. ii. 16, 30, Longa Tithonum minuit senec-
tus. Virg. ^En. iv. 585, Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile.
Tithonus, son of Laomedon and favourite of Aurora, attained a great
age, by favour of Jove.

4 Cinyras, a king of Cyprus, whose wealth rendered his name a pro-
verb. Pindar, Nem. viii. omrcp KOI Kivvpav tfipiat TrXoury Trovrig, tv

KOTt Kl>7rp<fl.

5 }nti\i\6yr]puv — Compare Theocr. vii. 82, and the Song of Solomon,
iv. 11, quoted above.

6 These lines are also quoted by Plato in the passage cited above,
Tir\au] bpwv. For the use of the participle for the infin. after other
verbs signifying perseverance, endurance, &c. see Matt. Gr. Gr. § 550.

332 THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRT^US. Hi.

firm bides unceasingly in the front ranks, and is wholly for-
getful of base flight, when he has 7 staked his life, and en-
during spirit ; but has the heart to fall, standing beside his
next neighbour. This man is good in war. And quickly does
he turn in flight the sturdy phalanxes of foemen, and 8 zeal-
ously stem the wave of battle. He too himself having fallen
amid the foremost, loses his life, and (at the same time) having
brought renown to his city and people and sire : pierced in
many places through breast, and round shield, and through-
his cuirass in the front. Him young alike and old lament,
and the whole state is distressed for him with painful regret.
His 9tomb and children are famous among men, ay, 10his
children's children, and his race after him. Never does his
fair fame or his name perish, but though he be on earth, he
becomes immortal, whom, bravely bearing himself, standing
firm, and fighting for country and for children, impetuous
Ares shall have destroyed. But should he have escaped the
fate of death that-lays-men-out-at-length ; and as victor, have
borne off the splendid boast of battle won, all honour him,
young and old alike ; and n after tasting many delights, he comes
to Hades. Growing old, he is eminent amid the citizens, nor
does any one wish to hurt him in point of respect or justice.

7 Bvfibv TTapQefiivoQ. Horn. Od. ii. 237, afyaQ yap -jrapBefttvoi KtQaXaQ.
Od. iii. 74. II. i. 372, va(>af3a\\6fjLivog, similarly used.

8 ffTrovSy, the opposite to dffTrovSti, II. x. 303. Odyss. xv. 209,
airovSy vvv avafiaivs. — f.a'Xf.Qf — ?%oj here is equivalent to KuXvw, STTE^W.
— KVfia jj.d\T]s. For similar metaphors taken from the raging sea, com-
pare Eurip. Hippol. 823 ; Soph. Aj. 1082, 1083 ; Antig. 162, 163 ;
(Ed. C. 1240—1245; CEd. T. 23; Trach. 114; .Esch. Prom. V. 1014
(Bind.) ; S. c. Theb. 63. Horat. Od. ii. 7, 15,

Te rursus in helium resorbens
Unda fretis tulit aestuosis.
f; — Compare with this passage Thuc. ii. 43, Koiwg ydp TU

awaara SiSovrtQ, K. T. \.

'° The laws of Athens ordained that the children of such as had fallen
in war, should be protected, publicly reared and educated, and have first
seats at the theatres. Cf. Lysias, Oral. Funebr. p. 521, cap. xx. ad med.
iraiSig iraiSuv. Horn. II. xx. 308, KO.I TralSts vrat^wj/ rot KIV [itTo-
vta-Qt ykviavrai.

" rtpTTva iraOwv. Tra.ayji.iv is used " de bonis." See Budseus Comm.
de L. G. p. 74, (Paris, 1529,) who quotes Lysias, rig ovv iXirig virb
TOVTWV TI ayaQbv TrtiataBai. — Aristoph. Eccles. 893 ; Eq. 876. Plautus
in Asinar. ii. 2, 58, Fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur
bonum.

IV. THE WAR-SONGS OP TYRTjEUS. 333

And all 12on the seats, alike young, and those of his age, and
they who are still older, give place to him. Let every one
now strive in his spirit to reach the summit of 13 excellence
like this, not u slackening warfare.

IV.

How long lie ye inactive ? when will ye have a brave spi-
rit, young men ? and are ye not ' ashamed of the dwellers all
around, since ye dally thus exceedingly ? For ye think ye

2 sit secure in peace, yet war possesses the whole land.

******

3 And let a man, as he dies, discharge his javelin for the last
time. For it is both honourable and noble for a man to fight
for land, and children, and wedded wife, with his foes ; and
death will come at some time, whensoever in truth the fates
shall have allotted. But let every one, having lifted aloft his
lance, and 4 gathered up his stout heart under his shield, go

12 OWKOKTIV — For this reverence to honourable age cf. Cic. de Senect.
c. 18, § 63, 64. Juvenal xiii. 54,

Credebant hoc grande nefas et morte piandum
Si juvenis vetulo non assurrexerit.
Virg. Eel. vi. 66, Utque viro Phcebi chorus assurrexerit omnis.

ls aptrTjf, glory. Thuc. i. 33, /cat Trpocren ^spowaa is ptv TOVQ iro\-
Xovg aptTtjv.

H ftt9tfig TToXtfiov, al. iro\e[iov. But Dawes, Misc. Crit. p. 236, has
shown that ptGiivai, "to let loose," has the ace. (iiQitcrdai, to loose hold
of— the genitive. Cf Porson ad Med. 734 ; Phosn. 529.

1 aiSflffOe. Cf. Horn. II. v. 530 ; Plato de Leg. lib. iii. 699 (pp.
200, line 12, Ast) ; Livy xxx. 18, Pudor, Romani nominis proprius,
qui saepe res perditas servavit in prseliis. — antynrtpiKriovaQ. This would
seem to mean the Perioeci, or Achacans of Laconia, called Lacedaemoni-
ans, as distinguished from the Dorians, or 2;rapriJjrai, to whom these
words are addressed.

2 ?/or0at, to sit lazily. Cf. Horn. II. i. 133 ; iii. 134. Latin, sedere.
Virg. .33n. xi. 460, Pacem laudate sedeutes. xii. 237, Qui nunc lentis
consedimus armis. Liv. xxiv. 11, Qui cum ipse ad mania urbis Horace
armatus sederet.

3 a.7roOvt)aicwv . Cf. Lucan. iii. 622,

Effugientem aiiimam lapses collegit in artus,
Membraque contendit toto, quicunque manebat,
Sanguine, et hostilem defessis robore nervis
Insiliit solo nocturnus pondere puppim.

4 tXffae, used by Homer several times in the Iliad, is the aor. 1, part,
act. of ti\a>, used in the signification of " drawing oneself up." The

334 THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRT^EUS. v.

right forward, when the battle first is joined. For it is not
fated by any means that a man should escape death at least,
no, not though he be by family of immortal ancestry. Often
5 he comes forth, after having escaped battle-strife and din of
javelins, and in his home fated death found him. Now the
latter is not in like manner a friend 6to the commonalty, nor
regretted by them, whilst the former, the brave man, small and
great bewail, if aught shall have happened to him. For the
whole people together regrets a stout-hearted hero, when he
dies, and living he is worthy of the demigods. For they be-
hold him with their eyes even as a 7 tower, since, though single-
handed, he performs deeds worth those of many.

V.1

******
THESE twain were contending unceasingly for nineteen
years, ever having a stout-hearted spirit, warrior sires of our
sires. But in the twentieth year they indeed (the Messe-
nians) fled from the great mountains of Ithome, having
abandoned their 2rich fields.

Scholiasts explain it, 1. trvvayayiliv KO.I Karaayuv. 2. ffvyK\ticrag, ica-
Taffxwv. i]Top seems taken for the seat of bravery, the heart. Grotius
renders the line " Clypeo generosa recondens Pectora." — TroXs/iov, the
battle. So Homer II. 'ii. 443, Kqpvaativ iroXepbv £f (capjjKojuowvrae
Axaiouc- iv. 281 ; xii. 181. Floras and Velleius so use bellum for prae-
hum, Flor. iii. 5 ; Veil. ii. 69.

5 tpxtrai, abit e pugna, e praelio, et incolumis domum redit. Klotz. II.
ii. 381.

8 SrjuoQ evidently stands for the plebs, not populus, in this place, as
is shown by the force of the next line.

7 irvpyov. A frequent simile among the Greek poets. Horn. Od. xi.
555, rolog yap atyiv irvpyo^ cnruXto. Eurip. Med. 389, i]v fiiv ric;
rjfviv irvpyoc aa^>a\^g tyavy. So among the Latins, Ov. Met. xiii. 281,
GraiAm murus Achilles. Senec. Troad. 125, Tu presidium Phrygibus
fessis, tu murus eras. Claudian in Rufin. i. 264,

Hie optata quies cunctis ; hie sola pericli

Turris erat clypeusque trucem porrectus in hostem.

1 This fragment is found in Strabo, lib. vi., and from it we collect that
the first Messenian war lasted 19 years. The first three verses are found
in Pausan. in Messen. c. 15, with this difference, a/i$>' avTi)v 5' iftcfxpvTO.
Comp. Horn. II. vi. 461, "Ort *I\iov dfKJtendxovTo. For the end of the
first Messen. war, see Thirlwall, H. G. vol. i. p. 351.

2 Tliova ipya, agri fertiles, loca culta. So Horn. II. v. 92 ; xii. 283.
Callim. H. in Dian. 156. Virg. yEn. ii. 306, Sternit agros, sternit
sata laeta, boumque labores.

VI.— IX. THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRT^EUS. 335

VI.1

FOB Zeus himself, son of Cronos, husband of beautiful-
crowned Here, hath given this city to the Heracleids. Along
with whom, having left 2 windy Erinees, we arrived at the
broad isle of Pelops.

VII.3

EVEN as asses worn with heavy burdens, carrying to their
4 masters, by reason of sad constraint., 5the half entirely of
whatsoever the soil produces.

VIII.6

MOURNING their masters, even though they are so, both
themselves and their wives, when the destructive fate of death
seizes any of them.

IX.7

To our king Theopompus, dear to the gods, through whom
we took Messene the spacious.

1 This fragment appears in Strabo, lib. xiii., and is said by him to be
found iv ry iroiqafi iXtytiy ffv tTriypatyovJiv tvvopiav.

2 rivep.6evra may perhaps signify " lying amid the hills," as in II. ii. 606;
Callimach. H. in Del. 11. 'Epii/»}i', some read 'Epuctirjv, a deme of
Attica, 47th in order in the catalogue given in Smith's Diet, of Gr. and
Rom. Geography, p. 334.

3 This fragment is from Pausanias, De Messen. c. 14, who proves by
it that wrongs were inflicted by Lacedoemon on the Messenians.

* Stairoavvoiffi, i. q. StffTr6~a.it;. _32sch. Pers. 587, OVK in Saajjiofyo-
povaiv SfffTrocfvvoiffiv avdyKaig.

5 fyuav TravO' oaS>v. I have rendered this as if TTUVTU was taken
adverbially. A better reading, suggested by Klotz, is ijpiav irav Kapiriav
offffov. ^Elian, Y. H. vi. 1, confirms the fact. Aaictdatp.6vioi Mf<r<nj-
viatv KpaTrjeravrtf TWV fiev yivop.svwv cnravrtav Iv Ty Mtfmjvif TO. r//*t«rjj
sXafipavov avrol.

6 This distich is from the same source. Pausanias and JElian both
state that the subjugated Messenians were constrained to wear mourn-
ing, and attend, themselves and their wives, the funerals of the noble
Lacedaemonians.

? For these verses see Pausan. Messen. c. 6.

336 THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRTvEUS.

X.1

HAVING heard Phoebus from Pytho, 2 they brought home
oracles and perfect, words of a god. ' That divinely-honoured
kings should rule the senate, kings to whom the lovely city
of Sparta is a care ; and reverend old men, and afterwards
men of the people, 3 replying to straight-forward maxims.

XI.4

YOUTHS, citizens of Sparta abounding in good men, first
with left hand indeed thrust forward shield and lance, throw-
ing them with good courage, and not sparing life in behalf of
your father-land.

XII.5

BEFORE he has drawn nigh the bounds of glory or death.

XIII.6

AND having in his breast the courage of a fiery lion.

1 This fragment is found in Plut. Yit. Lycurg. i. 43.

1 01 radt VIKQ.V, the Aldine reading. But the only intelligible emend-
ation is oiKatii IVIIKO.V, domum attulerunt, which has been adopted here.

3 f>r]rpaiQ. These were the unwritten laws of Lycurgus. Suidas V. iii. p.
295, irapa AaKeBaifiovioie pjjrpa AvKOvpyov vopoq, wg tK xpiapov TiO't-

« A fragment from Dio Chrysost. Oral. ii. p. 51, ed. Morell.
5 A fragment from a treatise of Plutarch, de Stoicorum repugnantiis.
s A fragment preserved by Galen.

WAR-SONGS OF TYRTJUUS,

TRANSLATED BY

THE REV. E, POLWHELE.

IF, fighting for his dear paternal soil.
The soldier in the front of battle fall ;

"Pis not in fickle fortune to despoil

His store of fame, that shines the charge of all.

But if, opprest by penury, he rove

Far from his native town and fertile plain ;

And lead the sharer of his fondest love

In youth too tender, with her infant train ;

And if his aged mother — his shrunk sire
Join the sad group ; see many a bitter ill

Against the houseless family conspire,
And all the measure of the wretched fill.

Pale, shivering want companion of his way,
He meets the lustre of no pitying eye ;

To hunger and dire infamy a prey —

Dark hatred scowls, and scorn quick passes by.

Alas ! no traits of beauty or of birth —
No blush now lingers in his sunken face !

Dies every feeling (as he roams o'er earth)
Of shame transmitted to a wandering race.

338 THE WAR-SONGS OF TYKT^EUS.

But be it ours to guard this hallowed spot,
To shield the tender offspring and the wife ;

Here steadily await our destined lot,

And, for their sakes, resign the gift of life.

Ye valorous youths, in squadrons close combined,

Rush, with a noble impulse, to the fight !
Let not a thought of life glance o'er your mind,

And not a momentary dream of flight.

Watch your hoar seniors, bent by feeble age,

Whose weak knees fail, though strong their ardour glows ;

Nor leave such warriors to the battle's rage,
But round their awful spirits firmly close.

Base — base the sight, if, foremost on the plain,
In dust and carnage the fall'n veteran roll ;

And, ah ! while youths shrink back, unshielded, stain
His silver temples, and breathe out his soul !

The remainder is omitted in the translation, on account of its in-
delicacy.

Priam's speech to Hector, Iliad, b. xxii., contains similar sentiments :

Who dies in youth and vigour, dies the best,

Struck through with wounds, all honest on the breast.

But when the fates, in fulness of their rage,

Spurn the hoar head of unresisting age,

In dust the reverend lineaments deform,

And pour to dogs the life-blood scarcely warm ;

This, this is misery ! the last, the worst

That man can feel ; man, fated to be curst !

II.1

YET are ye Hercules' unconquered race —

Remand, heroic tribe, your spirit lost !
Not yet all-seeing Jove averts his face ;

Then meet without a fear the thronging host.

1 The translator had, at first, given a different turn to this piece, in
which there is confessedly great obscurity. He is still in doubt whether
the following version does not better express the sentiments of Tyr-

toeus: —

THE WAR-SONGS OF TYKT.EUS. 339

Each to the foe his steady shield oppose,

Accoutred to resign his hateful breath :
The friendly sun a mild effulgence throws

On valour's grave, though dark the frown of death.

Yes ! ye have known the ruthless work of war !

Yes ! ye have known its tears — its heavy woe ;
When, scattering in pale flight, ye rushed afar,

Or chased the routed squadrons of the foe.

Of those who dare, a strong compacted band,
Firm for the fight their warrior-spirits link,

And grapple with the foeman, hand to hand,

How few, through deadly wounds expiring, sink !

YE are the race of Hercules — a race

Unvanquished in the fight, and nobly proud :

Then stand — for Jove not yet averts his face —
Then stand, superior to the hostile crowd.

Fear not ; advancing to the bloody strife,

Let each oppose his buckler to the foe !
And, ready to resign his load of life,

Through fate's dark path, with warrior-spirit, go.

Yet is that path delightful to the sun,

His radiance smiling on heroic death!
The military course ye oft have run :

Then lightly value life's precarious breath.

For ye have seen, on many a toilsome day,
How sad the ruthless work of war appears ;

Seen anger furious in the battle's bray,
And Mars exulting in abundant tears.

For ye have known, full well, the rage of war ;

Whether, o'erpowered, your gasping squadrons bled,
Or, scattered o'er the purple plains afar,

Your victor-arms the foe in terror fled.

If, as a learned friend of the Translator seems to think, the version in
the text be a true representation of the original, this little poem was ad-
dressed to a band of youths who had met with a repulse from the enemy.
They had, at one time, been put to flight ; and, at another, been too eager
to pursue ; both of which were accounted disgraceful. The poet exhorts
them to be in readiness to lay down a life that must be hateful to them ;
and meet the dark destiny of death, which the sun would behold with
pleasure, as delighting in the grave of a warrior.

z 2

tO THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRT^US.

They, foremost in the ranks of battle, guard
The inglorious multitude that march behind ;

While shrinking fears the coward's step retard,
And dies each virtue in the feeble mind.

But 'tis not in the force of words to paint
What varied ills attend the ignoble troop,

Who trembling on the scene of glory faint,
Or wound the fugitives that breathless droop.

Basely the soldier stabs, with hurried thrust,
The unresisting wretch, that shieldless flies !

At his last gasp dishonoured in the dust

(His back transfixed with spears) the dastard lies !

Thus, then, bold youth, the rules of valour learn :
Stand firm, and fix on earth thy rooted feet ;

Bite with thy teeth thy eager lips ; and stern
In conscious strength, the rushing onset meet :

And shelter with thy broad and bossy shield

Thy thighs and shins, thy shoulders and thy breast ;

The long spear ponderous in thy right hand wield,
And on thy head high nod the dreadful crest.

Mark well the lessons of the warlike art,

That teach thee, if the shield with ample round

Protect thy bosom, to approach the dart,

Nor choose with timid care the distant ground.

But, for close combat with the fronting foe,

Elate in valorous attitude draw near ;
And aiming, hand to hand, the fateful blow,

Brandish thy tempered blade or massy spear.

Yes ! for the rage of stubborn grapple steeled,

Grasp the sword's hilt, and couch the long-beat lance

Foot to the foeman's foot, and shield to shield,
Crest ev'n to crest, and helm to helm, advance.

But ye light-armed, who, trembling in the rear,
Bear smaller targets, at a distance, throw

The hissing stone, or hurl the polished spear,
(Placed nigh your panoply,) to mar the foe.

THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRTJSUS. 341

III.

I WOULD not value, or transmit the fame

Of him whose brightest worth in swiftness lies ;

Nor would I chaunt his poor unwarlike name,
Who wins no chaplet but the wrestler's prize.

In vain, for me, the Cyclops' giant might
Blends with the beauties of Tithonus' form ;

In vain the racer's agile powers unite,

Fleet as the whirlwind of the Thracian storm.

In vain, for me, the riches round him glow

A Midas or a Cinyras possest ;
Sweet as Adrastus' tongue his accents flow,

Or Pelops' sceptre seems to stamp him blest.

Vain all the dastard honours he may boast,
If his soul thirst not for the martial field ;

Meet not the fury of the rushing host,

Nor bear o'er hills of slain the untrembling shield.

This — this is virtue : This — the noblest meed
That can adorn our youth with fadeless rays ;

While all the perils of the adventurous deed,
The new-strung vigour of the state repays.

Amid the foremost of the embattled train,
Lo, the young hero hails the glowing fight ;

And, though fall'n troops around him press the plain,
Still fronts the foe, nor brooks inglorious flight.

His life — his fervid soul opposed to death,
He dares the terrors of the field defy ;

Kindles each spirit with his panting breath,
And bids his comrade -warriors nobly die !

See, see, dismayed, the phalanx of the foe
Turns round, and hurries o'er the plain afar ;

While doubling, as afresh, the deadly blow,
He rules, intrepid chief, the waves of war.

342 THE WAR-SONGS OF TYBT^EUS.

Now fall'n, the noblest of the van, he dies !

His city by the beauteous death renowned ;
His low-bent father marking, where he lies,

The shield, the breastplate, hacked by many a wound.

The young — the old, alike commingling tears,
His country's heavy grief bedews the grave ;

And all his race in verdant lustre wears

Fame's richest wreath, transmitted from the brave.

Though mixed with earth the perishable clay,
His name shall live, while glory loves to tell,

" True to his country how he won the day,
How firm the hero stood, how calm he fell ! "

But if he 'scape the doom of death, (the doom
To long — long dreary slumbers,) he returns,

While trophies flash, and victor-laurels bloom,
And all the splendour of the triumph burns.

The old — the young — caress him, and adore ;

And with the city's love, through life, repaid,
He sees each comfort, that endears, in store,

Till, the last hour, he sinks to Pluto's shade.

Old as he droops, the citizens, o'erawed,

(Ev'n veterans,) to his mellow glories yield ;

Nor would in thought dishonour or defraud
The hoary soldier of the well-fought field.

Be yours to reach such eminence of fame ;

To gain such heights of virtue nobly dare,
My youths ! and, 'mid the fervour of acclaim,

Press, press to glory ; nor remit the war !

IV.

ROUSE, rouse, my youths ! the chain of torpor break !

Spurn idle rest, and couch the glittering lance !
What ! does not shame with blushes stain your cheek

Quick-mantling, as ye catch the warrior's glance ?

THE WAR-SONGS OF TYRTvEUS. 343

Ignoble youths ! say, when shall valour's flame

Burn in each breast ? Here, here, while hosts invade,

And war's wild clangours all your courage claim,
Ye sit, as if still peace embowered the shade.

But, sure, fair honour crowns the auspicious deed,

When patriot love impels us to the field ;
When, to defend a trembling wife, we bleed,

And when our sheltered offspring bless the shield.

What time the fates ordain, pale death appears :

Then, with firm step and sword high drawn, depart ;

And, marching through the first thick shower of spears.
Beneath thy buckler guard the intrepid heart.

Each mortal, though he boast celestial fires,

Slave to the sovereign destiny of death,
Or mid the carnage of the plain expires,

Or yields unwept at home his coward breath.

Yet sympathy attends the brave man's bier ;

Sees on each wound the balmy grief bestowed ;
And, as in death the universal tear,

Through life inspires the homage of a god.

For like a turret his proud glories rise,
And stand, above the rival's reach, alone ;

While millions hail, with fond, adoring eyes,
The deeds of many a hero meet in one !

THE END.

JOHN CH1LDS AND SON, BUNGAV.

OTotalogue of
NEW BOOKS AT REDUCED PRICES.

PUBLISHED OK SOLD BY

HENRY G. BOHN,

YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON.

THE COSIPLF.TK CATALOGUE OF NKW BOOKS AND KKMAI.NDKES, IK 100 PAOK3, KA.V
BK HAD GRATIS.

*.* All the Books advertised in the pretftit Catalogue are neatly boarded in clolk,
or bound.

FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, SCULPTURE, PAINTING, HERALDRY,
ANTIQUITIES, TOPOGRAPHY, SPORTING. PICTORIAL AND HIGHLY
ILLUSTRATED WORKS. ETC. ETC.

>NGLER'S SOUVENIR. Fcnp. Svo, embellished with upwards of 60 beautiful Engravings on
Steel by BKC-KWITM ami TOPIIAM, and hundreds of engraved Borders, every paije being sur-
rounded (pul>. at 18..), cloth, gilt, 9,. TM, 18«

ARTISTS BOOK OF FABLES, comprising a Series of Original Fable',, illustrated by 280
exquisitely beautiful Kngravinps on Woad, by HARVEY and other eminent Artists, after De-
siirus by the late JAMES NOKTHCOTE, K.A. Post Svo, Portrait (pub. at 11. Is.), cloth.
Bill, Ot. 1845

BARBER'S ISLE OF WIGHT. 42 fine Steel Plates, and DR. MAKTELL'S GEOLOGICAL MAT.
Svo, (tilt, cloth, Ills. (id. 184«

BEWICK'S SELECT FABLES, with a Memoir, 8vo, with several Portraits of Bewick, and
upwards of :iju I'.i.L-ravings on Wood, original impressions (puh. at li. !.».), bill. 10>.

AfKwuMr, 1820

BILLINGTON'S ARCHITECTURAL DIRECTOR, being «n approved Guide to Archi-
tects. lir.iuirhtsn.cn. Students, Rtiilders, and Workmen, to which is added a History i.f the
Art, &c. anil a Glossary of Architecture. New Kdition, enlarged, Svo, loo Platei.cluth lettered
(pub. at II. 81.) In.-. Kd. 1U48

BOOK OF COSTUME, from the earliest period to the present time. Upwards of 200 beautiful
Engraving? 01 W;«od, hy LIKTOK. Svo (pub. at II. !«.), gilt cloth, gilt edges, 10.. Oi/. 1847

BOOK OF GEMS, OR THE POETS AND ARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN.

Mui.Ttr.AnV, etc. etc.; also numerous Autographs (pub. at 4/. Hi. 6d.) Cloth eiet-antly jjilt]
2i. it., or in morocco, 31. 3i.

BOOK OP GEMS, OR THE MODERN POETS AND ARTISTS OF GREAT
BRITAIN, svo. so exquisitely beautiful Line Engravings afterTuRNBR, BOMKGTOK, elc.

BOOK OF RAPHAEL'S CARTOONS, BY CATTERMOLE. Svo. with an »r,ui.ite

Portrait of Raphael, a View of Hampton Court, and seven very hishly finished Steel Engrav-
ings of the celebrated Cartoons at Hamptoi. Court (p'jv.. K lii.), cloth, gilt, Ji. 6d. 184S

BOOK OF SHAKSPEARE GEMS. A Series of I.nnd^ape Illustrations of the most inte-
resting localities of Shakspeare's Dramas ; with Historical and Descriptive Accounts, by
WASHINGTON IRVING. JESSE, \V. HOWITT, WORHSWOETH, INGLIS. and others. »vo,
w!Ji 4i hlzhly-ria-.sheiS Steel Engnvinjfs (pub. at \l. 11*. 6(/.) gilt cloth, 14J. '^»*i

BOOK OF WAVERLY GEMS. A S«Hesof64hiKhlv-ftnli;ied Line Engravings c'tli' t«o«t

ctliers, after Pictures by LESLIE," STOTHARD. COOPKR. Hi WARII, lie., witb illustralive l«ls*r-
I»«M, 8vo. (pub. at U. 111. lid.), cloth, elegaotlv gut, lit. If *•

CATALOGUE OK KKW BOOKS

BROCKEDONS PASSES OF THE ALPS. 2 vols. medium 4to. Containing 109 beantifu:
Engravings (pub. at I"/. 101. in hoards), half-bound morocco, gilt edge*, 3i. 13». 6d. 1820

BRITTONS CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF LINCOLN, <to, 1C fine Plates, by LK KEUX,
(pub. at 31. 3,.}, cloth, II. 5... Ki»yal 4to, Large Paper, ciotli it. 1I«. 6d. 1837

This vomme was published to complete Mr. Britton's Cathedrals, and is wanting in most of
f>» let*.

BRYAN'S DICTIONARY OF PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS. New Edition, cor-
rected, greatly enlarged, and continued to ine present time, by GEOHGK STANLEY, Esq., com-
plete in one larxe volume, impl. Svo, numerous plates of monograms, 21. It.

BULWER'S PILGRIMS OF THE RHINE. Svo. Embellished with 27 exquisite Line Bn-
gravings after David Roberts, Maclise, and 1'arriii (pub. at it. Hi. Gd.), cloth gilt, lit.

BURNETT'S ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS ON

PAINTING, 4to, 12 fine Plates, cloth (pub. at U. 2.1.), I/. Is. 1842

— — the same, large paper, royal 4to, proof impressions of Plates, cloth (pub. at tl 4».), 21. 2«.

CANOVA'S WORKS, engraved in outline by Moses, with Descriptions and a Biographical
Memoir by Ctcognan. :< vols. imp. Svo, lii plates, and flue Portrait by Worthinicton, half-
bound morocco (pub. at 61. 12.i.) U. 5s.
_• the same, 3 vols. 4to, large paper, half-bound, uncut (pub. at 91. 18».), tl 4j.

^— — the same, 3 volg. 4to, large paper, India Proofs, in parts, (pub. at lit. 15».) Tl. 10».

CARTER'S ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE OF ENGLAND. Illustrated by 103 Copper-
plate Engravings, comprising upwards of 'loo Thousand specimens. Edited by JOHN Sa.it-
ION, Ese. Royal folio (pub. at \2t. 12».), half-bound morocco, 4/. 4«. 1837

CARTER'S ANCIENT SCULPTURE AND PAINTING NOW REMAINING

IN ENGLAND, from the Earliest Period 10 the lit igii of Henry VIII. With Historical and
Critical Illustrations, by DOUCE, GOUOH, M EYR CK, DAW.SOX TUR.VKII, and BRITTON.
Royal folio, with 120 large Engravings, many of wlil-h are Beautifully coloured, and several
illuminated with gold (pub. at \jl. 13».). Half- bound morocco, 8(. 8a. 1838

CARTER'S GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, and Ai cient Buildings in England, with 12*
Views, etched by himself. 4 vols. square 12mo (pub. .it 21. 2».), half morocco, Iw. 1824

CATLIN'S NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 2 v« to. impl. STO. 360 Engravings (pnb. at
2t. 12.1. 6</. ), cloth, emblematically gilt, 11. Itu. 1848

CATTERMOLE'S EVENINGS AT HADDON HA'.L. 24 exquisite Engravings »n Steel,
from Designs by himself. Post Svo (originally pub. at W. 11». 6d.), gilt cloth, gilt edges, 7«.6d.

CHAMBERLAINE'S IMITATIONS OF DRAWINGS from the Great Manters, in the
Royal Collection, engraved by BARTOT.OZZI and others, impl. fol. 7o Plates (pub. at 121. 12s.),
half-bound morocco, gilt edges, 51. at.

CLAUDE'S LIBER VERITATIS. A Collection of 300 Engravings in imitation of the original
Drawings of CLAUDE, by EARLOM. 3 vois. folio (pub. at 3U. 10».), half-bound morocao, gilt
edges, : . . las.

CLAUDE, BEAUTIES OF, 24 FINE ENGRAVINGS, containing some of his choicest
Landscapes, beautifully Engraved on Steel, folio, with descriptive letter-press, and Portrait,
in a portfolio (pub. at3/. 12i.), It. is.

COESVELT'S PICTURE GALLERY. With an Introduction by MRS. JAMESON. Royal 4to

90 Plates beautif'.llv ei, graved in outline. India Proofs (pub. at it. it.), half-bound morocco
extra, si. .'is. 1836

COOKE'S SHIPPING AND CRAFT. A Series of Go brilliant Etchings, comprising Pictur-
esque, hut ai the same time extremely accurate Representations. Royal 4to (pub. at 31. 18s. 6d.),
gilt cloth, it. ll.i. Cii.

COOKES PICTURESQUE SCENERY OF LONDON AND ITS VICINITY, so beau-
tiful Etchings, after Drawings by CALCOTT, STAKFIELD, PROUT, HOBKKTS, HARDING,
STARK, and CHTMAN. Royal ito. Proofs (pub. at it.), gilt cloth, 21. 2i.

CONEYS FOREIGN CATHEDRALS, HOTELS DE VILLE, TOWN HALLS,'

AND OTHER REMARKABLE BUILDINGS IN FRANCE, HOLLAND, GERMANY,
AND ITALY. 3J line lar^e Plates. Imperial folio (pub. at lot. 10s.), half morocco, gilt edges,
31. K<>. M. 1842

CORNWALL, >>N ILLUSTRATED ITINERARY OF; including Historical and Descrip^

live Account*. Imperial 8vo, illustrated by 118 beautiful Engravings on Steel and Wood, by

LAKDELLR, HIHCHCI.IFPB, JACKSOX, WILLIAMS, SLY, etc. after drawings by CasswicK.

(Pub. at IBs. ), half morocco, 8». 1842

Cornwall is undoubtedly the most interesting county in England.

CORONATION OF GEORGF. THE FOURTH, by SIR GEOROK NATLKR. in a Series of
above 40 magnificent Paintings of the Procession, Ceremonial, and Banquet, ccrrvrehending
faithful port raits of many of the distinguished Individuals who were present; wnn historical
and dxcriptive ietter-pfe&s, atlas folio (pub. at !>'2t. Hu.j, half bound morocco, gilt edges,
111. li«.

COTMAN'S SEPULCHRAL BRASSES IN NORFOLK AND SUFFOLK, tending ta
iilofttrate tl*e Ecclesiastical, Military, and Civil Costume of former ages, with Letter-presa
E«jcrijitiojia, etc. by DAWSON TURNER, Sir S. MUVIICK, etc. 173 FUtes. The enamelled
Brasiu are splendidly illuminated, 2 vol». iir.pl. 4to half-bound morocco gilt edges, W. 6i. ltt«.

— — toe same, iarg* paper, imperial folio, half morocco, (Ut oJfi««, HI. it.

PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY H. G. BOHN.

COTMAN'S ETCHINGS OF ARCHITECTURAL REMAINS in T»riou« conatlei U
England, with Letter-press Descriptions hy RICKMAN. 2 vols. imperial folio, containing 1M
Highly spirited Etchings (pub. at ytl.), half morocco, 81. Si. 18JS

DANIELL'S ORIENTAL SCENERY AND ANTIQUITIES. The original magnifies*
edition, 1:>0 splendid coloured Views, oc the largest scale, of the Architecture, Anuquitie», and
Landscape Scenery of Hiudoostan, 6 vols. in 3, elephant folio (pub. at 21t)l.), elegantly half-
bound morocco, 52(. 10s.

OANIELLS ORIENTAL SCENERY, 6 vols. In 3, small folio, ISO Platei (pub, at !«. 18*.

half-hound morocco, G/. 6».
ThU is reduced .VDUI the preceding larjs work, and is uncoloured.

DANIELL'S ANIMATED NATURE, being Picturesque Delineations of the most interesdng
Subjects from all Branches of Natural History, 125 Engravings, with Letter-press !>c^nptioni
2 vols. small folio (pub. at 15(. 15*.), halt morocco (uniform with the Oriental Scenery), 3(. 31.

DON QUIXOTE, PICTORIAL EDITION. Translated by JARVIS, carefully revised-
With a coniuus original Memoir of Cervantes. Illustrated hy upwards of 820 heautiful Wood
Engravings, after the celebrated Designs of TONY JOHANXOT, including 16 new and beautiful
lar«e Cuts, by AKMSTKONG, now fiist added. 2 vols. royal 8vo (pub. at 2t. 10».), cloth gilt,

II. 8J. 184*

DDL* J>) GALLERY, a Series of 50 Beautifully Coloured Plates from the most Celebrated
Pici-jj>, In this Remarkable Collection- executed by K. COCKEVKN (Custodian). All
mounted on Tinted Card-boar.l in the manner o Drawings, imperial folio, including 4 very
large additional Plates, published separately at Tom 3 to 4 guineas each, and not before
included in the Series. In a handsome portfolio, » th morocco back (pub. at 40£.), 16(. 18».

"This is one of the most splendid and inlereMii.« of the British Picture Galleries, and has
for some years beer, quite unattainable, even at the full price."

EGYPT AND THE PYRAMIDS.— COL. VYSE'S GREAT WORK ON THE
PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH. With an Appendix, hy J. S. PERKING, Es«., on the Pyramids at
Abou Koash, the Fayoum, &c. Sc. 2 vols. imperial 8vo, with Mi Plates, lithographed hy
HAG HE (pub. at 21. 12». Cd.), 1(. It. 1840

EGYPT— PERRING'S FIFTY-EIGHT LARGE VIEWS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF

THE PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH, ABOU ROASH, &c. Drawn from actual Survey and
Admeasurement. With Notes and References to Col. Vyse's great Work, also to Deno'n, the
jrreat French Work on Egypt, Roscllini, Belzuni. liurckhardt, Sir Gardner Wilkinson, Lane,
and others. 3 Parts, elephant folio, the size of the great French " Egypte" (pub. at li/. 15*.).
Ill priuteu wrappers, 31. 3t.; half-bound morocco, U. Us. 6d. 1842

ENGLEFIELD'S ISLE OF WIGHT. 4to. so large Plates, Engraved by COOKE, and a Geo
logical Map (pub. "(. 7».), cloth, 21. it. J816

FLAXMAN'S HOMER. Seventy-five beautiful Compositions to the ILIAD and ODYSSEY,
engraved under FLAXMAN'S inspection, by PIROLI, MOSES, and BLAKE. 2 vols. oblong folio
(pub. at it. 5».), boards 21. 2s. 180j

FLAXMAN'S ASCHYLUS, Thirty-she beautiful Compositioni from. Oblong folio (pub. at

21. 12.. 6<i.), boards II. Is. 1831

FLAXMAN'S HESIOD, Thirty -seven beautiful Compositions from. Oblong folio (pub. at

21. IL'a. IW.), boards It. it. * 18ir

" Flaxman's unequalled Compositions from Homer, .ftfcchylus, and Hesiod, have long

been the admiration of Europe; of their simplicity and beauty "the pen is quite incapable at

conveying an adequate impression." — Sir Thomas Launtnce.

FLAXMAN'S ACTS OF MERCY. A Series of Eight Compositions, In the manner of
Ancient Sculpture, engraved in imitation of the original Drawings, by F. C. LEWIS. Oblone
folio (pub. at a/. 2s.], half-hound morocco, Id. 183*

FROISSART, ILLUMINATED ILLUSTRATIONS OF. Seventy-four Plates, printed In
Gold and Colours. 2 vols. super-royal svo, hall-bound, uncut (pab. at 11. ln.«. ),3(. lo«.

- the sams, large paper, 2 vols. royal 4to, half-bound, uncut (pub. at 10J. 10j.), 6t. G».

CELL AND CANDY'S POMPEIANA; or, fipoa-raphv, Edifices, and Ornaments o/

Pompeii. Original Series, containing the Resilit-of the Excavator.- previous to ibit) 2 volj

ID. best edition, with upwards of lc»i beaiitiiul Line Eiujravingi by OUUUALL, COOKK

HEATH, PVE, etc. (pub. at 1L. 4j. ), boards, 31. 3i. 1824

GEMS OF ART, 36 FINE ENGRAVINGS, after REMBRANDT, CUYP, REYNOLDS, Pou&-
SIN, Mumi.it), TEKIERS, CORREUIO, VA.NHERVELDE, folio, proof impressions, in portfolio
(pub. ats/.8».), U. llj. W.

GILLRAY'S CARICATURES, printed from the Original Plarcs, »11 enirraved by himself

Georu-e the Third, in'upwards of .i'ui tiiu-l:;;.

(exactly uniform with the original Hogarth, as sold by the advertiser), half-hound led morocco

extra, gilt edges, 81. 8«.

GILPIN'S PRACTICAL HINTS UPON LANDSCAPE GARDENING, *»h «om»
Remarks on Domestic Architecture. Royal c-;o, plates, clotii (pub. at II.), ii.

GOETHE'S FAUST, ILLUSTRATED BY RETZSCH In 26 beautiful Outlines. Royal
4U>jipuo. at li. It.], gilt c^.th, lo«. 6d.

ThU edition contains a translation of tha original poem, witn historical and descriptive notia.

B «

CATALOGUE OP NEW BOOKS

GOODWIN'S DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE A Sories of New Designs for Mansions
Villas, Rectory-Houses, Parsonage-Houses; Bailiff's, Gardener's, Gamekeeper's, ami Park-
Gate Lodges: Cottases and other Residences, in the Grecian, Italian, and Old English Style
of Architecture : with Estimates. 2 vols. royal 4to, 90 Plates (pub. at il. 5«.), cloth, 2<. 12«. W.

^RINDLAY'S (CAPT.) VIEWS IN fNDIA, SCENERY, COSTUME, AND ARCHh
TECTURE : chic <1« on the Western Side of India. Atlas .(to. Consisting of 3ii most beauti-
fully coloured Plates, highly linishcd. in imitation of Drawings; with Descriptive Lettei-
press. iPuh. at 121. 12».), half-hound morocco. Kilt eilses, 8(. 8». 183«

This is perhaps the most exquisitely-coloured volume of landscapes ever produced.

HANSARD'S ILLUSTRATED BOOK OF ARCHERY. Being the complete History and
Practice of the Art: interspersed with numerous Anecdotes; forming a complete Manual for
tht K~wman. 8vo. Illustrated by 39 beautiful Line Engravings, exquisitely finished, by
ENGLEHI.ART, PoRTBURY, etc., after Designs by STEPHA.NOFF (pub. at 11. lit. ik/.), gilt cloth,
10«. M.

HARRIS'S GAME AND WILD ANIMALS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA. Large imp'.:
folio. 30 beautifully coloured Engravings, with 30 Vignettes of Heads, Skins, &c. (pub. at
101. 10...), hf. morocco, til. 6s. 1844

HARRIS'S WILD SPORTS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA. Impl. 8vo. 26 beautifully co-
loured Engravings, and a Map (pub. at 21. 2s.), giit cloth, gilt edges, 11. It. 1844

HEATH'S CARICATURE SCRAP BOOK, on SO Sheets, containing upwards of 1000 Comic
Subjects after SEYMOUR, CKUIKSHANK. PHIZ, and other eminent Caricaturists, oblong folio
{pub. at 2(. 2«.), cloth, pit, 15«.

This clever and entertaining volume Is now enlarged by ten additional sheets, each eon-'
taining numerous subjects. It includes the whole of Heath's Omnium Gatherum, both Scries;
Illustrations of Demonolo-y and Witchcraft; Old Ways and New Ways; Nautical Dictionary;
Scenes in London; Sayings and Doings, etc.; a series of humorous illustrations of Proverbs,

artist it would he found a most valuable collection of studies; and to the family circle a con-
stant source of unexceptionable amusement.

HOGARTH'S WORKS ENGRAVED BY HIMSELF. 153 One Plates (including the two
well-known " suppressed Plates"), with elaborate Letter- mess Descrintions. bv J. NICHOLS.
Atlas folio (pub. at 50*.), half-bound moroc
suppressed plates, Tl. 7«.

HOLBEIN S COURT OF HENRY THE EIGHTH. A Series of 80 exquisitely beantifulj
Portraits, engraved by BARTOI.OZZI, COOFER, and others, In imitation of the original
Drawing preserved in the Royal Collection at Windsor; with Historical and Biographical
Letter-press by E DM us n LODGE, ESQ. Published bv JOHN- CHAMBERI.AINE. Imperial 4to
(pub. at 15*. 15».), half-bound morocco, full gilt back anil edges, 51. 15». 6d. 1812

HOFLANDS BRITISH ANGLER'S MANUAL; Edited by EPWARI> JKSSK, ESQ.; or,'
the Art of Angling in England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland; including a Pisratorial Account
of the principal Rivers, Lakes, and Trout Streams; with Instructions in Fly Fishing, Trolling,,
and Angling of every Description. With upwards of HO exquisite Plates, many of which are,
highly-finished Landscapes engraved on Steel, the remainder beautifully engraved on Wood.
8vo, elegant in gilt cloth, 12«. 1S4S

HOPE'S COSTUME OF THE ANCIENTS. Illustrated in upwards of 320 beautifully-
engraved Plates, containing Representations of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman Habit.s and
Dresses. 2 vols. royal 6vo, New Edition, with nearly 20 additional Plates, boards, reduced
to 21. is. lift!

HOWARD (FRANK) ON COLOUR, as a MEANS of ART, being an adaptation of the Expe-
rience of Professorate the practice of Amateurs, illustrated by 18 coloured Plates, post gvo,
cloth gilt, 8>.

In this able volume are shown the ground colours in which the most celebrated painters
worked. It is very valuable to the connoisseur, as well as the student, in painting and water-
colour drawing.

HOWARD'S (HENRY, R. A.) LECTURES ON PAINTING. Delivered at the Royal
Academy, with a Memoir, by his son, FRANK HOWARD, large postsvo, cloth, 7». Cd. 1848

HOWARD'S (FRANK) SPIRIT OF SHAKSPEARE. 483 fine outline Plates, illustrative of

all the principal Incidents in the Dramas of our national Bard, 5 vols. 8vo (pub. at 141. 8«. ),

cl»ih, 11. 2«. 1827— J3:

*»* The 483 Plates may be had without the letter-press, for illustrating all Svo editions of*

Shakspeare, for U'. 11». <;./.

HUMPHREY'S (H. NOEL) ART OF ILLUMINATION AND MISSAL PAINTING,

illustrated with 12 splendid Examples from the Great Masters of the Art, selected from MissaltJ
all l>*tttifuily illuminated. Square 12rno, decorated binding, 11. It.

HUMPHREY'S COiNS OF ENGLAND, a Sketch of the progress of the English Coinage,
from the earliest period to the present time, with 228 beautiful fac-similes of the most interest-
ing specimens, illuminated in gold, silver, ami copper, square Svo, neatly decorated binding, 1S«.

HUNT'S EXAMPLES OF TUDOR ARCHITECTURE ADAPTED TO MODERN
HABITATIONS. Royal 4to, 37 Plates (pub. at 21. 2«.), half morocco 11. 4«.

HUNT'S DESIGNS FOR PARSONAGE-HOUSE?- ".MS-HOUSES, ETC. Royal

4to 11 Plates (p-b. at U. U.), Ualf morw.-e", MI. »*"

PUBLISHED OR SOLD BT II. G. BOHN.

HUNTS DESIGNS FOR GATE LODGES, GAMEKEEPERS' COTTAGES, ETC-
Royal 4to, 13 Plates (Uvij. ut U. If.), half morocco, 14«. 1841

HUNTS ARCHITETTURA CAMPESTRE; OR, DESIGNS FOR LODGES, GAR-
DENERS' HOUSES, ETC. IN THE ITALIAN STXLE. 12 Plates, royal 4to (pub. at
1(. It.), lialf morocco, Hi. IttuT

ILLUMINATED BOOK OF CHRISTMAS CAROLS, squaresvo. 24 Border* illuminated
in Gold and Colours, and 4 beautiful Miniatures, riciiiy Ornamented Binding (pub. at 11, ."•«.<,
loj. 1846

ILLUMINATED BOOK OF NEEDLEWORK, By MRS. OWEN, with a History of Needle-
work, bv the COUNTESS of WILTON, Coloured Plates, post 8vo (pub. at ISj.), gilt cloth, 'js. 1S47

ILLUMINATED CALENDAR FOR 1850. Copied from a celebrated Missal known as the
" Hours" ofibe Duke of Anjou, imperial Hvo, 30 exquisite Miniatures and Borders, in gold and
colours, Ornamented Btndinf (pub. at 21. 2j.), Ijt.

ILLUSTRATED FLY-FISHERS TEXT BOOK. A Complete Gv.ide to the Science of Trout.
and Salmon Fishing. By THEOPHILUS SOUTH, GF.ST. (En. CHJTTY, BARRISTER). With-
23 beautiful Engravings on Steel, alter Paintings hy COOPER, NEWTON, FIELCIKU, LEE, and
others. 8vo (pub. at I/. 111. Oil.), cloth, gilt, lo>. 6d. 1&45

ITALIAN SCHOOL CF DESIGN. Consisting of 100 Platen, chiefly engraved by BARTO-
LOZZI, after the original Pictures and Drawings of GUERCINO, MICHAEL AnoKLO, DOMENI-
ciuxo, AxxniALE, Lunovico. and AGOSTINO ORACCI, PIETRO DA CORTONA, CARLO MA-
RATTI, and others, in the Collection of Her Majesty. Imperial 4to (pub. at 10,'. 10i.), half mo-
rocco, gilt edges, 3(. 3s. 1812

JAMES' (G. P. R.) BOOK OF THE PASSIONS, royal Svo, illustrated with 16 splendid

MEADOWS, and JENKINS; engraved under the superintendence of CHARI.I-.S HEATH. New
and improved edition (just published), elegant in gilt cloth, giit edges (pub. at U. 11». 6d.)

129.

JAMESON'S BEAUTIES OF THE COURT OF CHARLES THE SECOND. 2vols.
impl. Svc, 21 beautiful Portraits (pub. at 21. 5J.), cloth, It. la. 1838

JOHNSON'S SPORTSMAN'S CYCLOPEDIA of the Science and Practice ofthe Field, the

vol. 8vo, illustrated with upwards of 50 Steel Engravings, alter COOPER, WARD, HANCOCK, and
others (pub. at 11. 11). Id,), clotb, Ui.

KNIGHTS (HENRY GALLY), ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE OF ITALY,
FROM THE TIME OF CONSTANT1NE TO THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. With an

resting Views of Ecclesiastical Buildings in Italy, several of which are expensivelyillum'inated
in gold and colours, half-hound morocco, bl. J.i. 1843

Second and Concluding Series, containing 41 beautiful and highly-interesting Views of Eccle-
siastical Buildings in Italy, arranged in Chronological Order; with Descriptive Letter-press.
Imperial folio, but-bound morocco, 5(. ij. 1844

KNIGHTS (HENRY GALLY) SARACENIC AND NORMAN REMAINS. Toillui-

trate the Norman» in Sh'ily. Imperial folio. 3d large Engravings, consisting of Picturesque
Views, Architectural Remains, Interiors ar.d Exteriors of Buildings, with Descriptive Letter-
press. Coloured like Drawings, half-bound mor»cco, 8/. 8«. ista
Hut verv few copies are now first executed in this expensive manner.

KNIGHT S PICTORIAL LONDON. 6 vols. bound in 3 thick handsome vols. Imperial 8vo,
illustrated by Gio Wood Engravings (pub. at 31. 3».), cloth, gilt, II. 1S«. 1841-44

LONDON-WILKINSON S LONDINA ILLUSTRATA ; OR, GRAPHIC AND

HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS of the most Interesting and Curious Architectural
Monuments of the City and Suburbs of London and Westminster, r.g.. Monasteries, Churches,
Charitable Foundations, Palaces, Halls, Courts, Processions, Places of early Amusements,
Theatres, and Old Houses. •> vols. imperial Jto, containing 207 Copper-plate Engraving*, with
Historical and Descriptive Letter-press (pub. at Ml. S».), half-bound morocco, ii. it. 1819-25

LOUDON'S EDITION OF REPTO/J ON LANDSCAPE GARDENING AND
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE. New Edition, 250 Wojd Cuts, Poitrait, thick 8v&, cloth
letu-red (pub. at It. 1U».), 15».

LYSONS ENVIRONS OF LONDON; being an Historical Account of the Towns, Villages
and Hamlets in the Counties of Surrey, Kent, Essex, Htnt, and Middlesex, 5 vols. 4to, Plnte»
(pub. at 10/. K>i. ), cloth, 2/. 10«.
The same, large paper, 5 rol». royal 4to (pub. at IS/. 13».), c!oth, 31. it.

MACGREGORS PROGRESS OF AMERICA FROM THE DISCOVERY BY

COLUMBUS, to the year 1S4G, comprising its History and Statistics, 3 remarkably thick
volumes, imperial »»o. cloth lettered (pub. at 41. lit. 6d.), 1(. 1U. (W. 1*47

MARTIN'S CIVIL COSTUME OF ENGLAND, from the Conquest to the PitsentPerwA

from Tapes' ry, MSS. Ke Woynl tte 61 P^i.i, b»»uiif-jUj Illuiuiiiated in Gol
cloth, flit, 21. Ui. 64.

CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS

MEYRICK'S PAINTED ILLUSTRATIONS OF ANCIENT ARMS AND ARMOUR,

a Critical Inquirv into Ancient Armour as it existed in Europe, hut particularly in England,
from the Norman Conquest 10 the Reign of Charles II, with a Glossary, etc. by SIR SAMUEL
BUSH MEYRICK, L1..1)., F.8.A., etc., new and greatly improved Edition, corrected and en-
larged throughout by the Author himself, with the assistance of Literary and Antiquarian
Friends (ALBEKT WAV, etc.), 3 vols. imperial 4to, illustrated by more than 100 Plates,
ipiendidly illuminated, mostly in gold and silver, exhibiting some ol the finest Specimens
existing iii England; also a new Plate of the Tournament of Locks and Keys (pub. at 211.),
half-hound morocco, gilt edges, in;. 10«. 184*

SIR WALTER SCOTT justly describes this collection as "THE INCOMPARABLE ARMOURY."
-.Edmburuh Keview.

MEYRICK'S DESCRIPTION OF ANCIENT ARMS AND ARMOUR, in the Collec-
tion of Goodrich Court, 150 Engravings by Jos. SKELTOK, 2 vols. folio (pub. at IK. 11».),
half morocco, top edges gilt, II. Us. 6d.

MILLINGEN'S ANCIENT UNEDITED MONUMENTS; comprising Painted Greek
Vases, Statues, Busts, lias-Reliefs, and other Remain* of Grecian Art. 02 large and beautiful
Engravings, mostly coloured, with Letter-press Descriptions, imperial 4to (pub. at ili. 9».),
half morocco, 4(. Hi. 6d. 1822

MOSES1 ANTIQUE VASES, CANDELABRA, LAMPS, TRIPODS, PATERA,

Tazzas, Tombs, Mausoleums, Sepulchral Chambers, Cinerary Urns, Sarcophagi, Cippi; and
other Ornaments. 1711 Plates, se-eral of which are coloured, with Letter-press, by HOPE, small
Svo (pub. at .U. 3s.j, cloth, II. is. 1S14

MURPHY'S ARABIAN ANTIQUITIES OF SPAIN; representing, in lOO very highly
finished line Engravings, by LE K.EUX, FiNf.Bx, LANUSiitR, G. COOKE, &c., the most
remarkable Remains of the Architecture, Sculpture, Paintincs, and Mosaics of the Spanish
Arabs now existing in the Peninsula, including the magnificent Palace of Alhambra; the
celebrated Mosque and Bridge at Cordova; tli« Royal Villa of Generalise; and the Casa de
Carbon : accompanied by Letter-press Descriptions, in 1 vol. atlas folio, original and brilliant
impressions of the Plates (pub. at42(.), half morocco, 121. Us. 1813

MURPHY'S ANCIENY CHURCH OF BATALHA, IN PORTUGAL, Plans, Ele-
vations, Sections, and Views of the; with its History and Description, and an Introductory
Discourse on GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, imperial folio, 27 fine Copper Plates, engraved
by LOWRI- (pub. at 61. 6s.}, half morocco, U. 8s. 1795

NAPOLEON GALLERY; Or Illustrations of the Life and Times ofthe Emperor, with 99
Etching* on Steel by REVEIL, and other eminent Artists, in one thick volume post 8vo. (pub.
at II. Is.}, gilt cloth, gilt edges, 10j. 6d. 184S

NICOLASS (SIR HARRIS) HISTORY OF THE ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD

OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE; with an Account oi the Medals, Crosses, and Clasps which
have been conferred for Naval and Military Services ; together with a History of the Order of
the Guelphs of Hanover. 4 yols. Imperial 4to, splendidly printed and illustrated bv numerous
fine Woodcuts of Badges, Crosses, Collars, Stars, Med'als, Ribbands, Clasps, etc. and many
large Plates, illuminated in gold and colours, including full-length Portraits of Queen Vic-
toria, Prince Albert, the King of Hanover, and the Dukes of Cambridge and Sussex. (Pub.
at 14i. 14».), cloth, with morocco backs, si. 15». (3d. *** Complete to 1847

i the same, with the Plates richly coloured but not illuminated, and without the

extra portraits, 4 vols. royal 4to. cloth, 31. 10s. 6d.

"Sir Harris Nicolas has produced the first comprehensive History of the British Orders of
Knighthood; and it is mu nj the moat elaborate ly prepared and tplemKtUy printed uiorki that ever
issued from the /»rcs.i. The Author appears to us to have neglected no sources of information,
and to have exhausted them, as far as regards the general scope and purpose of the inquiry.
The Graphical Illustrations are such as become a work of this character upon such a subject;
at, ofcourse, ,- lavish cost. The resources of the recently revived art of wood-engraving have
been 7on'l>i,,ed with the new art of printing in colours, so as to produce a rich effect, almost
rivallii.y. that ofthe monastic illuminations. Such a book u sun ofaplnrr in eaery great Library.
It c mtainn matter calculated to interest extensive classes of readers, and we hope by our
specimen to excite their curiosity."— Quarterly Review.

NICHOLSON'S ARCHITECTURE; ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE. 218
Plates by LOWRV, new edition, revised by Jos. GWILI, ESQ., c-r.e volume, royal Svo,
lulls. Cd. 1848

For classical Architecture, the text book ofthe Profession, the n-.oM usef'.;! Guide to the
Student, and the best Compendium for the Amateur. An eminent Architect has declared
it to he "not only the most useful book of the kind ever published, bui absolutely indispen-
sable to the Student."

PICTORIAL HISTORY OF GERMANY DURING THE REIGN OF FREDERICK

THE GREAT, including a complete History of the Seven Years' War. By FRANCIS
KL-CJLKR. 1 llustratcd by ADOLPII MEXZEL. Royal Svo, with above 500 Woodcuts (pub. at
II. St.}, clotb gilt, 12J. 184i

PICTORIAL GALLERY OF rTACE-HORSES. Containing Portraits of all the Winninj
Horses ofthe Derby, Oaks, and St. Leger Stakes during the last Thirteen Year*, and a His-
tory ofthe principal Operations of the Turf. By WILIJRAKK (vito. Tattersai), Esq.). Royal
Svo, comainiig HS beautiful Engravings of Horses, after Pictures hy COOI-EH, HERRING,
HANCOCK, ALKEJ., sc. Also full-length characteristic Portraits of celebrated living Sports-
men ("Cracki of the '.)»?"), by SSYHOVA (?"*>. at 21. 21.), scarlet cloth, gilt, ll. It.

PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY H. G. BOHN.

PICTURESQUE TOUR OF THE RIVER THAMES, in its Western CourBe, Including
particular Descrii.tions of Richmond, Windsor, and Hamoton Coun. By JOHN FISHEX
MURRAY. Illustfawd V upwards of 100 very highly-finished Wood Engravings hy ORRIIC
SMITH, BRANSTOX, LASDKM.S, LINTON, and oilier eminent artists; to which are added
•evcril beautiful Copper and Steel Plate Engravings >>y COOKJC and others. One Urge hand-
some volume, royal 8vo (pun. at 11. 5«.|, gilt cloth, lu«. 6d. IMS

The most beautiful volume of Topographical Lignographs ever produced.

PINELLIS ETCHINGS OF ITALIAN MANNERS AND COSTUME, including hi*
Carnival, Banditti, Sic., 27 Plates, imperial 4to, half-hound morocco, lat. Home, 1MO

PRICE (SIR UVEDALE) ON THE PICTURESQUE in Scenery and Landscar- Garden-
iiiL', with an Essay on the Origin of Taste, and much additional matter. My Sir THOMAS
Die* LADDER, Bart. 8vo, with CO beautiful Wood Engravings by MOS.CAGU SIAKLET
(pub. at 11. la.), gilt cloth, 12i. 1842

PUGIN'S GLOSSARY OF ECCLESIASTICAL ORNAMENT AND COSTUME;

setting forth the Origin, History, and Signification of the vario— t Emblems, Devices, and Sym-
bolical Colours, peculiar to Christian Designs of the Middle Ages. Illustrated by nearly 88
PUtts, splendidly printed in gold and colours. Royal 4to, half morocco extra, top edges gilt,

PUGIN'S ORNAMENTAL TIMBER GABLES, selected from Ancient Examples in
En-land and Normandy. Koyal 4t<>, :<0 Plates, cloth, 11. 1». 1830

t»UGIN'S EXAMPLES OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, selected from Ancient

Edifices in England ; consisting of Plans, Elevations, Sections, and Parts at large, with Histo-
rical and Descriptive letter-press, illustrated hy 1'25 Engravings by LB Kuux. 3 vols. «•
( pub. at 121. U'«. ), cloth, 71. l?». (W. 1839

'UGIN'S GOTHIC ORNAMENTS. 90 fine Plates, drawn on Stone by J. D. HAuine and
others. Royal 4to, half morocco, 31. 3*. 1844

UGIN'S NEW WORK ON FLORIATED ORNAMENT, with 30 plate., splendidly
primed in Gold and Colours, royal 4to, elegantly bound in cloth, with rich gold ornaments,
•Jl. 3!.

RADCLIFFE'S NOBLE SCIENCE OF FOX-HUNTING, for the use of Sportsmen, royal
sv.i., nearly 40 beautiful Wood Cuts of Hunting, Hounds, Sic. (pub. at 11. 8».), cloth gilt,
Ids. itl. 1839

RETZSCH'S OUTLINES TO SCHILLER'S "FIGHT WITH THE DRAGON,"

Royal 4to., containin- 10 Plates, Engraved hy MOSES, stiff covers, 7». 6d.

RETZSCH'S ILLUSTRATIONS TO SCHILLER'S "FRIDOLIN," Royal 4to., contain-
ing 8 Plates, Engraved by MOSES, stiff covers, 4>. M.

REYNOLDS' (SIR JOSHUA^ GRAPHIC WORKS. 300 beautiful Engravings (com-
prising nearly 4011 nulyects) after this delightful painter, engraved on Steel by S. W. Reynolds.
3 vols. folio ('pub. HMtt), half bound morocco, gilt edges, 121. 12«.

REYNOLDS' (SIR JOSHUA) LITERARY WORKS. Comprising his Discourses,
delivered at the Royal Academy, on the Theory and Practice of Painting; his Journey U
.,andcrs and Holland, with Criticisms on Pictures; Du Fresnoy's Art of Painting, with Notei

- j which is prefixed, a Memoir of the Author, with Remarks illustrative of his Principles and
nactioc, hy BEECHEY. New Edition. 2 vols. fcap. 8vo, with Portrait (pub. at 18*.), gilt

• .oth. ]•',!. 1846

"His admirable Discourses contain such a body of just criticism, clothed in snch perspicuous,
elcyant, and nervous language, that it is no exaggerated panegyric to assert, that they will last
as long as the Knclinh tongue, and contribute, not less than the productions of his pencil, to

ROBINSON'S RURAL ARCHITECTURE; being a Series of Designs for Ornamental
Cottages, in !ifi Piatw, with Estimates. Fourth, greatly improved, Edition. Royal 4to (pub.
at 41. 4s.}, half morocco, Zi. 5».

ROBINSON'S NEW SERIES OF ORNAMENTAL COTTAGES AND VILLA*.
56 Plates by HARDING and ALLOM. Royal 4to, half morocco, 21. 2».

ROBINSON'S ORNAMENTAL VILLAS, 96 PlaUs (pub. at 4J. 4..), half morocco, U.U.
ROBINSON'S FARM BUILDINGS. 56 Plates (pub. at 2(. 2«.), half morocco, II. lit. td.

ROBINSON'S LODGES AND PARK ENTRANCES. « Plates (pub. at tl. »«.), half

morocco, It. lit. Hit.

ROBINSON'S VILLAGE ARCHITECTURE. Fourth Edition, with additional Plate. «
Plates (pub »t U. 16..), half hound uniform. 11. 4x.

,
sio-

ROBINSON'S NEW VITRUVIUS BRITANNICUS; ^^^"•JJj"*!,^.,
Kngllsh Mansions, viz., Wohurn Abbey, Hatfield House, and Hardwicke Hall also Cassio
bury House, by JOHN BRITTOK, imperial folio, 40 fine engravings, by La K.BBX (pub.a
Ui, Ut.) half morocco, gilt edges, 31. Uj. fid.

ROYAL VICTORIA GALLERY, comprising S3 beauUfu, Engravinr', »ner £*<*"• »

BUCKINGHAM PALACE, particularly RRMBRANUT, the OSTAPES, 1 "«»s, ..„*%*%

*• u,,,i, d'vi- HpvxcirDs TITIAS and RUBENS, engraved by OREATBACH, s. W

B«o^s"'ft^^"^K™":wSriWU^Pwi« 5 U«SLt, royal 4to (pub. •'

41. 4>.), ^If morocco. W. Hi. W.

CATALOGUE OF NE\r BOOKS

RUDING'S ANNALS OF THE COINAGE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND ITS

DEPENDENCIES. Three vols., 4to., U9 plates, (pul>. at el. 6j.) cloth, 4J. 4... 1841

SHAKSPEARE PORTFOLIO; a Series of 90 GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS, after Designs \,j
the most eminent British Artists, including Smirke, Stothard, Steph»noff, Cooper. Weitall.
Hi. ton, Leslie, Brings, Corhould, Clint, xc., beautifully rnsrraved by Heath, Greatbach,
Ilohinson, Pye, Fimlcn, Eoglehart, Armstrong, Kofls, and other* (pub at si. in.), iu a c»se,
with leather hack, imperial 8vu, 1(. li.

SHAW AND BRIDGENS' DESIGNS FOR FURN !TURE, with Candelabra and Interior

Decoration, 6) Plates, royal 4to, (put), at 3/. :u.), half-bound, uncut, it. Hi. M. 1831

Tlie same, large paper, linpl. 4to, the Plates coloured (pub. at 61. 6s.), hf.-bd., uncut, 31. 3i.

SHAW'S LUTON CHAPEL, its Architecture and Ornaments, illustrated in a series of 20
highly finished Line Engravings, imperial fo.io (pub. at:«. 3».), half moi. ceo, uncut, It. IGi.

SILVESTRE'S UNIVERSAL PALEOGRAPHY, or Fac-similes of the writings of every
age, taken from the most authentic Missals and otner interesting Minuscripts existing In the
Libraries of France, Italy, Germany, and England. By M. silvestre, containing upwards at
300 large and most beautifully executed fac-similes, on Copper ami Stone, most richly illumi-
nated in the finest style of art, •> vols. atlas folio, half morocco extra, gilt edges, 311. Id.

. The Historical and Descriptive Letter-press hy Champ .llion, Figeac, ami Chara-

poiiion, j'ja. With additions and corrections by Sir Frederick Madden. 2 vol». royal Svo,
cloth, 1'. I*)'. U50

the same, 2 vols. royal Svo, hf. mor. gilt edges (uniform with the folio work), 21. 81.

SMITHS (C. J.) HISTORICAL AND LITERARY CURIOSITIES. Consisting of
Fac-simili:s ofintciesting Autographs, Scenes of remaikihle Historical Events and interesting
Localities, En-i-aviiiL's of Old Houses, Illuminated and Missal Ornaments, Antiquities, &c.

Lal'f'morocco, uiicut, reduced to 31. iS4ii

SMITH'S ANCIENT COSTUME OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, From

the 7th to the Kith Century, with Historical Illustrations, folio, with 02 coloured plates illu-
minated with cold and silver, and highly finished (pub. at lof. 10j.) half bound, morocco,
extra, giit edges, 3/. 13«. Cd.

SPORTSMAN'S REPOSITORY; comprising a Series of highly finished Line Engrailngt,
representing the Horse and the Do*, in all their varieties, hy the celebrated engraver Jons
SCOTT, from original paintings by Rcinaglc, Gilpin, Stnblis, Cooper, and Landscer, accom-
panied l>y a comprehensive Description hy the Author of the "British Field Sports," 4to, wlUi
37 laree Copper Plates, and numerous Wood Cuts by Burnett and others (pub. at 21. l^j. 6d.),
cloth gilt. It. li.

STOKER'S CATHEDRAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES. « vota.
8vo., with i»c. ensravinas (pub. at 71. lo».), half morocco, St. 12. 6d.

STOTHARD'S MONUMENTAL EFFIGIES OF GREAT BRITAIN H7 heautlfuHr

finislied Etchings, all of which are more or less tinted, and some of them hlglly illuminnteu in
gold and colours, with Historical jjesiriptions and Introduction, by K.EJIPE. Folio (pub. at
I!)/.), half morocco, »,'. 8s.

STRUTTS SYLVA BRITANNICA ET S^OTICA; or, Portraits of Forest Trees, distin-
jrulshed lor their Antiijnity, M-iL-nitiide, or Beauty, comprising so very lame and highrr-flnilhed
painters' Etchings, imperial folio (pub. at ai. St.), half morocco extra, gilt edges, 4i. !U«.

STRUTT'S DRESSES AND HABITS OF THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND, from

the Establishment of the Saxons in Britain to the present time; with an historical and
Critic.il Inquiry into every branch of Costume. New and greatly improved Edition, with Cri-
tical and Explanatory Notes, by J. R. PLA.VCHK'. Esq., F.S.A. 2 vols. royal 4to, l.v« Plates,
cloth, It. Jv. The Plates, coloured, 71. "J. The Plates splendidly illuminated in gold, silver,
and opaque colours, in the Missal style, 2in. 1842

STRUTT'S REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND-

Containing the most authentic Representations of all the Bnglbb Monarch* from Edward the
Conltssor to Henry the Eishth ; together with many of the Great Personages that were emi-
nent under their several Reigns. New and greatly improved Edition, hy J. 11. PLAXCHE'
ESQ.. F.S.A. IKiyal 4to, 72 Plates, cloth, ->l. 2t. The Plates coloured, 41. 4j. Splendidly
illuminated, uniform with the Dresses, 12/. I2». 1842

STUBBS' ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 24 fine large Copper-plate Engravings. Impe-
rial folio (pub. at 41. 4J ), boards, leather back, It. Hi. 6d.
The original edition of this fine old woik, which is indispensable to artists. It lias long been

TATTERSALL'S SPORTING ARCHITECTURE, comprising the Smd Far?n, the Stall.
the Stable, tlie Kennel, Race Studs, &c. with 43 beautiful steel and wood illustrates, several
after HANCOCK, cloth gilt (pub. at II. Us. Grf.), It. 1«. I860

TAYLORS HISTORY OF THE FINE ARTS IN GREAT BRITAIN, t rols. post
Svo. Woodcuts (pub. at 11. It.), cloth, 7s. 6d. 1811

"The best view of the state of modern art."— United States' Casttte.

TOD'S ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES OF RAJASTHAN: OR, THE CENTRAL

AND WESTERN RAJPOOT STATES OF INDIA, COMMONLY CALLED RAJPOOT-
ANA). By Lieut. Colonel J. TOD, imperial 4to. embellished with above 28 extremely beauti-
lui Hue Engravings by Fixusu, and capital large folding map (U. in. t>d.), cloth, !tn. U3t

PUBLISHED OR SOLD BT II. G. BOIIN.

edges (p

TURNER AND GIRTIN'S RIVER SCENERY; toHo, 20 beautiful engravings on .tee!.
after the drawing! of J, M. W. TUKXER, brilliant impressions, :n a porttoliu, with morocco
hark (pub. iit u. .i».), reduced to II. llj. 6d.

the same, with thick glazed paper between the plates, half bound morocco, gilt

till, at iil. Us.), reduced to 21. 'a.

WALKER'S ANALYSIS OF BEAUTY IN WOMAN. Preceded by .critical View of the
general Hypotheses respecting Beauty, by LEONARDO DA VINCI, MEN-OS, WINC-XELMAXX,
lit'.vK, Hoii.iKTii, BURKE, KSHJIIT, AI.ISO.V. and others. New Edition, royal 8vo, illus-
trated hy 22 beautiful Plates, after drawings from life, by H. HOWARD, by GAUCI and LANK
(pub. at i.'. !'».), gilt cloth, II. It. is4S

WALPOLE'S (HORACE) ANECDOTES OF PAINTING IN ENGLAND, with some

in Englanil, with Notes by DA'I I.AWA'V ; New Edition, Revised and Enlarged, by RALPH
Wo** DM, Esi|., complete in 3 vols. 8»o, with nujnerous beautiful portraits and' plates", 2i. 1».

WATTS'S PSALMS AND HYMNS, IMUSTRATED EDITION, complete, with indexes of
" Subjects," " First Lines," and a Table of Scripture*, 8vo, printed in a very large and beauti-
ful type./emhellbhed with 24 beautiful Wood Cfs by Martin, Westall, and others (uub. at
It. 1..), gilt cloth, 7«.6u\

WHISTON S JOSEPHUS, ILLUSTRATED EDITION, complete; containing both the
Antiijiiitics ami the Wars of the Jews. '2 vols. »v», handsomely printed, embellished with 53
beautiful Wood Engravings, bj various Artists (pub. at 1(. 4«.), "cloth bds., elegantly gilt, 14«.

1845

WHITTOCK'S DECORATIVE PAINTER'S AND GLAZIER'S GUIDE, containing the
most approved methods ofhnltatiiiK every kind of fancy Wood ami Marble, in Oil or Distemper
Colour, Designs for He.orating Apartments, and the Art of Staining and Painting on Glass,
Sc., with Examples f»- mi Ancient Windows, with the Supplement, 4to, illustrated with 10*
plates, of which 44 are coloured, (pub. at '21. Hi.) cloth, I/. lo>.

WHITTOCK'S MINIATURE PAINTER'S MANUAL. Foolscap svo., 7 coloured plate.,

and numerous woodcuts (pub. at :>.<.) cloth, :!.>.

WIGHTWICK'S PALACE OF ARCHITECTURE, a Romance of Art and History. Impe-
rial Svo, with 211 Illustrations, Steel Plates, and Woodcuts (pub. at 2/. 12*. 6i/. ), cloth, II. It.

1840

WfLD'S ARCHITECTURAL GRANDEUR of Belgium, Germany, and France, 24 fine
Plates by LE KKUX, Sic. Imperial 4to (pub. at II, 18».), half morocco, II. 4». 1837

WILD'S FOREIGN CATHEDRALS, 12 Plate., coloured and mounted like Drawings, in a
handsome portfolio (pub. at 12/. 12».), imperial folio, 5f. i».

WILLIAMS' VIEWS IN GREECE, 04 beautiful Line Engravings hy MII.T.ZR, HOR.SPUROH,
and others. 2 vols. imperial Svo (pub. at 61. 6s.), half bound mor. extra, gilt edges, '21. 12t. fid.

1829

WINDSOR CASTLE AND ITS ENVIRONS, INCLUDING ETON, by I.KITCK

lUMTi-nir. n'-w- edition, edited by K. Jr.ssK, Esu., illustrated with upwards of 60 beautiful
Kngravings on Steel and Wood, royal svo., gilt cloth, 15-

WOOD'S ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES AND RUINS OF PALMYRA AND
HAL11EC. :; vols. in 1, imperial folio, containing 110 line Copper-plate Engravings, some
««jr large and folding (pub. at 71. 7«.), half morocco, uncut, 31. l.tt. 6d. 1827

jjlatural ?Bfstorii, .Agriculture, ^rc.

ANDREWS' FIGURES OF HEATHS, with Scientific Descriptions. 6 »ol». royal «»«.
with 300 beautifully i-oloured Plates (pub. at lif.), cloth, irllt, 71. lot. 1845

BARTON AND CASTLE'S BRITISH FLORA MEDICA; OR, HISTORY OF TUB

MEDICINAL PLANTS OF GRF.AT BRITAIN, a vols. Svo, illustrated by upwards of 20*
Coloured Figures of Plants (pub. at 3t. 3i.), cloth, I/. Id. 184»

BAUE.R AND HOOKER'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENERA OF FERNS,

in which the characters of eacl. Genus are dispUyc-d in the most elaborate manner, in a series
of magnified Dissections and Figures, highly finished in Colours. Imp. Svo, Plates, c,(. 1M«-4J

EEECHEY. — BOTANY OF CAPTAIN BEECHEY'S VOYAGE, comiri ilur an

Account of the Plants collected hy Messrs. LAY and COI.MK, an.! other Officers of the

JAC-KSCIN HOOKBK, and tJi'A. W. ARNOTT, Ksu., illustrated by 100 Plates, beautili.lly en-
graved, complete in lo parts, 4to (pub. at 7(. loi.), 5*. 1831-41

BEECHEY.— ZOOLOGY OF CAPTAIN BEECHEY'S VOYAGE, compiled from the
Collections and Notes of Captain BI-.ECIIKV and the Scientific Gentlemen who accompanied
the Expedition. The Mammalia, by Dr. RICH JKHSOX ; Ornithol'iey, by N. A. VICORS, ESQ.,
Fishes, hy G. T. LAY, Es«j., and 'F.. T. KKXXETT, Es«.; Cnuticea, by HICIIARD OWKX;
Esu.; Reptiles, hy Jonx EDWARD GRAY, Es«.: Sh.'lls, by W. 8owm*BT, E««^ and Geology,
by the Rev. Dr. BUCKLAXU. 4tc illustrated hi 47 Vlaies. containing many hundred Figure.,
beautifully co.'cuna by SOWKKKY I pub. at :•/. &>'.), d.ah, 31. 13i. W. 1139

10 CATALOGUE OF »EW BOOKS

BOLTON'S NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH SONG BIRDS. Illustrated wit.
Figures, the size of Life, of the Birds, both Male ami Female, in their most Natural Attitudes:
their Nests and EKKS, Food, Favourite Plants, Shruhs, Trees, &c. &c. New Edition, revised
»nd very considerably augmented. 2 vols. in 1, medium 4to, containing 80 beautifully coloured
plates (pub. at 8(. 8».j, half bound morocco, gilt backs, gilt edges, 31. 3>. 1845

BRITISH FLORIST, OR LADY'S JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE. 6vols.8vo.8l

coloured plates of flowers and groups (pub. at tl. 10j.), cloth, It. 14». 1848

BROWN'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS
OF CHEAT HRITAIN AND IRELAND- with Figures, Descriptions, ami Localities of all
the Species. Royal 8vo, containim: on 27 large Plates, 330 Figures of all the known British
Species, in their full size, accurately drawn from Nature (pub. at 15*..), cloth, ]l». &d. 1845

CURTISS FLORA LOND1NENSIS; Revised and Improved by GKORKK GRAVES, ex-
tended and continued by Sir W. JACKSOX HOOKER; comprising the History of Plants indi-
genous to Great Britain, with Indexes; the Drawings made by SYDKMIAM, KDWAK.US, and
Lixm.EV. 5 vols. royal folio (or loo parts), containing 047 PlatM, exhibiting the full natural
size of such Plant, with nullified Disseciions of the Parts ot Fructification, Sic., all beauti-
fully coloured (pub. at 87 1. 4«. in parts), half bound morocco, top edges gilt, 30i. 1835

DENNY— MONOGRAFKIA ANOPLURORUM BRITANNM/E, OR BRITISH
SPKCIF.S OF PARASITIC INSECTS (published under the imtroiiaire of the British Associa-
tion i, 8vo, numerous beautifully cuiuurud p. ate., of Lice, containing several hundred magnified
figures, cloth, 11. lls.Cd. 1S42

DON'S GENERAL SYSTEM OF GARDENING AND BOTANY. 4 relume*, royal 4to,
numerous woodcuts (pub. at l«. 8>. ), cloth, I/. 11«. Cu. 1831-1838

DON'S HORTUS CANTABRIGIENSIS; thirteenth Edition, 8vo (pub. at U. 4..), cloth, 12».

1845

DONOVAN S NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INSECTS OF INDIA. Enlarged, by
J. O. WKSTWOOD, Esq., F.L.S., 4lo, with ss plates, containing upwards of 120 exquisitely
coloured figures (pub. at U. 6s.), cluth, silt, reduced to 21. 2s. 1842

DONOVANS NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INSECTS OF CHINA. Enlarged, by
J. O. WKSTWOOD. Esq., F.L.S., tin, with .V: plates, containing upwards of 1HO exquisitely
coloured figures (pub. at r,l. 6«.), cloth, gilt, 21. 5j.

"Donovan's works on the Insects ot India and China are splendidly Illustrated and ex-
tremely useful, "—\attmlitt.

"The entomological plates of our countryman Donovan, arc highly coloured, elegant, and
useful, especially those contained in his quarto volume* I Insects of liidlaand China), where a
great number ofspccies are delineated for the first time."— Hmnumm.

DONOVAN'S WORKS ON BRITISH NATURAL HISTORY. Viz.-insect«, 16 »oh,

— Birds, 10 vols.— Shells, o vols.— Fishes, J vols.— Quadrupeds, 3 vols.— together 3 a vols. 8vo.
containing ll!)8 beautifully coloured plains (pub. at 6C.I. <)».), boards, 2.V. 17.t. The same set <vf
39 vols. bound in 21 (pub. at ":;/. H... ), half green morocco extra, gilt edges, gilt backs, 30i.
Any of the classes may he had separately.

DOYLE'S CYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HUSBANDRY, and Rural Affairs !B
General, New Edition, Enlarged, tnic* svo., with 70 wood ei^ravinsb (pub. at 13«.), cloth,
St. M. 1843

DRURY'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF FOREIGN ENTOMOLOGY! wherein are exhibited
upwards of Boo exotic Insects, of the East mi:! West Indies, China, New Holland, Nortli and
South America, Germany, So. By .1. O. Wf si woo », Ilsn., F.I..S. Secretary ol the F.ntomo-
logic.-il Society, Sic. 3 vols, 4t», I ."ill Plates, must beautifully coloured, containing above 600
figures of Insrcu (originally pub. at I.W. l:,j. ), half bound morocco, 61. lf». 6<t. 1837

EVELYN'S SYLVA AND TERRA. A Discourse of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of
Timber, a Philosophical Discnu.se of the Earth ; with Life of the Author, and Notes by Dr. A.
Hunter, 2 vols. royal 4lo. Fifth improved Edition, with 40 Plates (p ib. at it. 5».), cloth, U.

1831

FITZROY AND DARWIN.— ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE IN THE BEAGLE.

I(i6 plates, mostly coloured, 3 v...». rmal 4to. (pub. at !>/.), cloth, 5/. 5i. 1838-43

GREVILLE'S CRYPTOGAMIC FLORA, comprising the Principal Species found in Great
}iritain inclusive of all the New Species rt'rentfy discovered in Scotlatnl. b vols. royal fivu,
360 beautifully coloured Plaien (pub. at IK !(«.), lialf morocco, 8'. S... 18M-8

This, though a complete Work in itself, forms an almost !r..«spensahV Mupplenient to Ihe
thirty-six volumes of S'lwerl.y's Kuglish liotany, which does not comprehend Cr; loffumoui
Plants. It i« one of the most scientific and best executed works on li,,:;:;i'i,oi;s Houuiy eve:
produced in this country.

HARDWICKE AND GRAY'S INDIAN ZOOLOGY. T»enty i-rms, fonnln. T.O vol...

royal folio, 202 coluurcu piates (pub. at 21i.), sewed, 12(. 12»., or h.ui moroccu, fill edges,

141. Hi.
HARRIS'S AURELIAN ; OR ENGLISH MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES, Their

Natural History, tomlMr will, the Plants on which they (et-.i . SVw and greatly imp, o.W.
Edilli.n, hv J. O. WKSI-.OOI., Ks.,., I-M..S., Sc.. in 1 vol. sm. folii-, with 44 plat, s, containing
fchove 401, liiruies -f Moths, HuitertlieJ, Caterpillars, Sic.., and the Planls uu which they feed,
exquisitely colouieu «fl«r rte original d'awinus, haif-bound morocco, -I/. 4j.

This extremfiir hwtatlful »-ork is the only one which contains our Emrlish Moths and Butter-
flies of the full natural alee, In all their channel of Caterpillar, Chrywlis, Sic., »ith the plain*
•n which they fee<*-

PUBLISHED Oil SOLD BY II. G. BOHN. 1 1

HOOKtR AND GREVILLE, ICONES FILICUM ; OR. FIGURES OF FERNS

With DF.SCHIP'l ION'S, many of which have been altogether unnoticed by Bouniits, or have

not been correctly figured. 2 vols. folio, with 240 beautifully coloured Platen (pub. at 25i. 4j. ),

half morocco, Kilt edges, 121. 12*. 1820-31

The grandest and most valuable of the ninny scientific Worki produced by Sir William Hooker.

HOOKER'S EXOTIC FLORA, containing Figures and Descriptions of Rare, or otherwise
interesting Exotic Plants, especially of such as are deserving of being cultivated in our Gar-
dens. 3 vols. Imperial 8vo, containing 232 large and beautifully coloured Plates (pub. at 151.),
Cloth, 6/. 61. 1823-1827

This is the most superb and attractive of all Dr. Hooker's valuable works.

" The ' Exotic Flora,' by Dr. Hooker, is like that of all the Botanical publications of the in-
defatigable author, excellent ; and it assumes an appearance of finish and perfection to
•which neither the Botanical Magazine nor Register can externally lay claim." — Loudoti.

HOOKER'S JOURNAL OF BOTANY; containing Figures and Descriptions of such Plant!
is recommend themselves hv their novelty, rarity, or history, or by the uses to which they are
applied in the Arts, in Medicine, and in Domestic Economy; together with occasions*
Botanical Notices and Information, and occasional Portraits and Memoirs of eminent
Botanists. 4 vols. 8vo, numerous plates, some coloured (pub. at 3/.), cloth, it. 1834-42

HOOKER'S BOTANICAL MISCELLANY; containing Figures and Descriptions of Plants
which recommend themselves by their novelty, rarity, or history, or by the uses to which they
«re applied in the Arts, in M-edicine, and in Domestic Economy, together with occasional
Botanical Notices and Information, including many valuable Communications from distin-
guished Scientific Travellers. Complete in 3 thick vols. royal 8vo, with 163 piates, many finely
coloured (pub. at 5(. it.), gilt cloth, 21. 12». 6d. '1830-S3

HOOKER'S FLORA BOREALI-AMERICANA; OR, THE BOTANY OF BRITISH
NORTH AMERICA. Illustrated by 240 plates, complete in Twelve Parts, royal 4to, (pub.
at 121. 12».), 84. The Twelve Parts complete, done up in 2 vols. royal 4to, extra cloth, SI.

1829-4*

HUISH ON BEES; THEIR NATURAL HISTORY AND GENERAL MANAGEMENT.
New and greatly improved Edition, containing also the latest Discoveries and Improvement!
in every department of the Apiary, with a description of the most approved HIVES now in use,
thick 12mo, Portrait and numerous Woodcuts (pub. at lo«. Cd.), cloth, gilt, 6>. Gil. IN44

JOHNSON'S GARDENER, complete in 12 vols. with numerous woodcuts, containing the
Potato, one vol.— Cucumber, one vol.— Grape Vine, two vols.— Auricula and Asparagus, one
vol.— Pine Apple, two vols.— Strawberry, one vol.— Dahlia, one vol.— Peach, one vol.— Apple,
two vols.— together 12 vols. 121110, woodcuts (pub. at \l. 10i. ), cloth, 12t. 1847

either of the volumes may be had separately (pub. at 2«. 6d.), at 1«.

JOHNSON'S DICTIONARY OF MODERN GARDENING, numerous Woodcuts, Tery
thick 12mo, cloth lettered (pub. at 10s. orf.j, 4,<. A comprehensive and elegant volume. 1846

LATHAM'S GENERAL HISTORY OF BIRDS. Being the Natural History and Descrip-
tion of all the Itirds (above four thousand) hitherto known or described by Naturalists, with
the Svnonvmes of preceding Writers; the second enlarged and improved Edition, compre-
hending all the discoveries in Ornithology subsequent to the former publication, and a General
Index, II vols. in Id, 4to, with upwards of 2nd coloured Plates, lettered (pub. at 2«. 8*.), cloth,
II. tr<. M. H'inrlirftrr, 1X21-2S. The same with the plates exquisitely coloured like drawings,
11 vols. in 10, elegantly half bound, preen morocco, gilt edges, 12/. 12».

TWIN'S NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BIRDS OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Third Edition, with an Index of the Scientific Names and Synonymes by Mr. GOULD and Mr.
EVTOX, folio, 27 piates, coloured (pub. at 4^. 4*.), hf. bii. morocco, 21. 2*. 1838

LINDLEY'S BRITISH FRUITS! OR. FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE MOST
IMPORTANT VAKIF.TIES OF FRUIT CULTIVATED IN GREAT BRITAIN. 3 volt.
royal 8vo, containing i:i< most beautifully coloured plates, chiefly by Mns. WITH KRS, Artist
to the Horticultural Society (pub. at \al. lor,), half hound, murocco extra, gilt edges, il. Si.

1S41

"This i» an exn.uisit.-ly beautiful work. Every plate is like a "highly finished drawing,
similar to those in the Horticultural Transactions."

LINDLEY'S DIGITALIUM MONOGRAPHIA. Folio, 88 plates of the Foxglove (pub. at

4/. 4i.), cloth, H. lli. dit.

• the same, the plates beautifully coloured (pub. at 61. 61.), cloth, 2t 12t. 6d.

LOUDONS (MRS.) ENTERTAINING NATURALIST, being Popular Descriptor*,

Talcs, and Anecdotes of more than Five Hundred Animals, comprehending all the Quadrupedi,
Birds, Fisltfs, Reptiles, Insects, Ac. of which a knowledge is indispensable in polite educa-
tion. With Indexes of Scientific at 1 Popular Names, an Explaralion o. Terms, and an Ap-
pendix of Fabulous Animals, illustrated bv upwards of ioci beautiful woodcuts by KKVMCK.
HAKVF.Y, WHIVPK.R, and others. New Edition, revised, enlarged, and corrected to the
present state of Zoological Knowledge. In one thick vol. post 8vo. gilt cloth, 71. f,d. 185*

LOUDON'S (J. C.) ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, or the
Trees and Shrubs of Britain. Native and Foreign, delineated and described ; with their propa-
gation, culture, management, and uses. Second improved Edition, 8 vols. mo, with above.
400 plates of trees, and upwarda of 2iOO woodcuu al trees and shrubs (pub. at Id/.), 51. o«. 1M4

12 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS

MANTELL'S (DR.) NEW GEOLOGICAL WOKK. THE MKDAl.s OF CREATIOX

• or First Lessons in Geology, and in tlie Study of (Jreanic Remains; including Geological Ex-
cursions to the Isle of Sheppcy, Brighton, Lewes, Tilgate Forest, Cliarnwood Forest, Fairing'
don, Swindon, Calne, Bath, Bristol.'Clifton, Matlork, Crich Hill, &c. By GIDKON AI.UKII-
XON MANTKU., ESQ., LL.D., F.R.S., Sic. Two thick vols. foolscap 'xvo, with coloured

MANTELL'S WONDERS OF GEOLOGY, or a Familiar Exposition of Geological Phe-
nomena. Sixth greatly enlarged and improved Edition. 2 vol». post Svo, coloured Plates, and
upwards of 200 Woodcuts, gilt cloth, 18.<. 1848

MANTELLS GEOLOGICAL EXCURSION ROUND THE ISLE OF WIGHT.

and along the adjacent Coast of Dorsetshire. In 1 vol. post Svo, with numerous beautifully
executed Woodcuts, and a Geological Map, cloth gilt, 12*. 1841

MUDIE S NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH BIRDS; OR, THE FEATHEREH

TRIBES CF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. 2 vols. Svo. New Edition, the Plates beauti-
fully coloured {pub. at H. St.), cloth gilt, 16.t. 1S35

"This is, without any exception, the most truly charming work on Ornithology which has
hitherto appeared, ' from the days of WUloughhy downwards. Other lothora describe,
•Mudie paints; other authors give" the husk, Mudie the kernel. We most heartily concur
with the opinion expressed of this work by I.eigh Hunt (a kindred spirit) in the first few
numbers of his right pleasant f.nmlon Jmintal. The descriptions of liewirk, Pennant.
J.ewin, Montagu, and even Wilson, will not for an instant stand comparison with the
spirit-stirring emanations of Mmlie'aMivliif pen,1 81 it has been called. We are not ac-
quainted with any author who so felicitously unites beauty of style wi-.u strength and nerve
of expression ; he does not specify, but paints."— Wood't Ornithological Guide.

RICHARDSON S GEOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS, comprising a familiar Explanation of

Geology and its associate Sciences. Mineralogy, Physical Geology, Fossil Concljology, Fossil
Botany', and Pahrontoiony, including Directions for forming Collections, Sc. By G. F.
RICHARDSON, F.G.S. (formerly with Dr. Mantell, now of the British Museum). Second
Edition, considerably enlarged and improved. One thick vol. post Svo, illustrated by upwards
Of 26(1 Woodcuts (pub. at HU. 6</.), cloth, 7«. 6d. 1846

SELBY'S COMPLETE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY. A most magnificent work of the
Figures of British Birds, containing exact ami faithful representations in their full natural size,
of all the known species found in Great Britain, 383 Figures in 22S beautifully coloured Plates.
2 vols. elephant folio, elegantly half bound morocco (pub. at 105i.), gilt back and gilt edges,

31/. 11)1. 1S34

"The grandest work on Ornithology published in this country, the lame for British Binls
that Auduhon's is for the birds of America. Every figure, excepting in a very few instances of
extremely large birds, is of the full natural size, beautifully and accurately drawn, with all the
spirit of life."— Orniltuimrat'l Tflt Hook.

" What a treasure, during a rainv forenoon in the country, is such a gloriously illuminated
work as this ni Mr. Selby ! It is," without doubt, the most splendid of the kind ever published
in Britain, and will st;<nd'a comparison, without any eclipse of its lustre, with the most magni-
ficent ornithological illustrations of the French school. Mr. Selby ha» long and deservedly
ranked high as a scicntiiic naturalist."— Blackwood't Magaam.

SELBYS ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY. 2 vols. svo. Second

Edition (pub. at II. In.), boards, 121. 1833

SIBTHORP'S FLORA GR/ECA. The most costly and magnificent Botanical work ever pub-
lished. in vols. folio, with luoti beautifully coloured Plates, half hound morocco, publishing

, ,

by subscription, and the number strictly limited to tbose subscribed for (pub. at S32/. I, 63/.
Prospectuses of this woik are now ready for delivery. Only forty copies o
ck exist. No greater number of subscribers' names can therefore be received.

SIBTHORPS FLOR/E GR/tC/E PRODROMUS. Sive Plantarum omnium Enumeratio,
quas in Provinces aut Insulis Graci.e invenit JOH. SIDTHORP: Characters et Synonyma
omnium cum Annotalionibus JAC. EDV. SMITH. Four parts, in 2 thick vols, Bro fpnh. at
21. 2.!.), 14J. l.ondmi, ISlli

SOWERBYS MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Containing a complete Introduction to the
Science, illustrated by upwards of 650 Figures of Shells, etched on copper-plates, in which the
most characteristic examples are given of all the Genera estahDs! ej up to the present time,
arranged in I.amarckian Order, accompanied hy copious Explanitions; Observations respect-
ing the Geographical or Geoioitical distribution of each; Tabular Views of the Systems of
J,amarck and I)e B'ainville' n (»)ossarv of Technical Terms kc. New Kuition considerable

The plates coloured, clotn, II. loi. 'iMij

SOWERBY'S QONCHOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATIONS; OR, coi.f".'RF.n FIGURES
OF Al.i. Till-: IflTHKHTO UNFIOURED SHELLS, complete in >oo 3iiells, Svo, compris-
ing neveral thousand Figures, in parts, all beautiful:}- coloured (pub. at is/.), 71. Vtt. 184 i

SPRYS BRITISH COLEOPTERA DELINEATED; containing Figures ana Descriptions
of all the Genera of British Beetles, edited by SIIUCKARD, Svo, with 94 plates, comprising bss
figures ofBeetles, beautifully and mo»t accurately drawn fpub. at d. >».), cloth, I/, li. 184D
"The most perfect work vet published in this department of British Entomology."

STEPHENS' BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY, 12 vois. Svo, loo coloured Plates (pub. at tit.},

half bound. SI. 81. 1828-44

—Or separately, LEPIEOPTERA, 4 »ols. 4(. 4». COLKOPTEKA, i vols. U. it. DEKM ArTEiLL.

PUBLISHED OK SOLD BY H. G. BOHX. 13

SWAiNSON'S EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY; On, FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS Of
RARE, BEAUTIFUL, OR UNDESCR1BKD SHELLS. Royal 4tn, com liuiiv 114 large amd
beautifully coloured tigures of Shells, half bound uu-r. fill edges (pub. at jt. Si), It 12>. W.

SWAINSON'S ZOOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATIONS; OR, ORIGINAL FIGURES AND

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW, RARE, OR INTERESTING ANIMALS, selected chieBy
from Hie Class's of Ornithology, Entomology, and Conchology. ti vois. royal svo, containing
318 :.:.e.> coloured plates (pub. at Hit. lu>.;, half bound morocco, Rilt edges, '9;. 9».

SWEET'S FLORA AUSTRALASICA; OR. A SELECTION OF HANDSOME OR

CURIOUS 1M.ANTS, Natives of New Holland and the South Sea Islands, u Nos. forming
1 vol. royal Svo, complete, with 5<j beautifully coloured plates (pub. at 3^ lit.), cloth, It. l&t.

1827-M

SWEET'S CISTINE/E; OR, NATURAL ORDER OF CISTUS, OR ROCK ROSE. 39
Nus. forming 1 vol. royal Svo, complete, with 112 beautifully coloured plate* (pub. at if. St.),
Cloth, -li. 12.«. G'/. 1821

"Uue of the most interesting, and hitherto the scarcest of Mr. Sweet's beautUui publications."

^Miscellaneous (JBngltsl) Hiterature,

INCLUDING

HISTORY, BIOGKAPHV, VOYAGES AND TRAVELS, POETRY AND THE
UUAMA, MORALS, AND MISCELLANIES.

BACONS WORKS, both English am! Latin. With an Introductory Essay, and copious
Indexes. Complete in 2 large vols. imperial Svo, Portrait (pub. at l'i. '2s.), cloth, M. 16>. 183*

BACON S ESSAYS AND ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING, with Mrmoirand Not*.
by Dr. Taylor, square liuio, with 34 Woodcuts (pub. at 4j.), ornamental wrapper, 2i. 6d.

1845

BANCROFT'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, from the Discovery of th«
American Continent. Twelfth Edition, 3 vols, bvo (published at 2^. lo».), cloth, it. 11«. 6d.

1MT

BATTLES OF THE BRITISH NAVY, from A.D. 1000 to 1840. By JOSEPH ALI.EK, of

Greenwich Hospital. 2 thick elegantly printed vols. foolscap Bvo, illustrated by 24 Portrait*
of British Admirals, beautifully engraved on Steel, and numerous Woodcuts of Battles (pub.
•til. !«.), cloth gilt, 14«. 1842

"These volumes are invaluable; they contain the very pith and marrow of our best Naval
Histories and Chronicles. "-.v«n.

"The best and most complete repository of the triumphs of the British Navy which ha* y»t
Issued from the press."— Untied Service Gazette.

BORDERER'S. THE TABLE BOOK, or Gatherings of the Local History and Romance of

the KnL'iUh ami Scottish hurdtrs, bv M. A. RicHAKPsns (of Newcastle), s vols. bound in 4,

royal Svo, Illustrated with nearly loot) interesting Woodcuts, exira cloth (pi b. at 3/. lo«.),

It. II?. Kewcattle, 184*

*»* One of the cheapest and most attractive sets of books imaginable.

BOSVVELLS LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON; BY THE RIGHT HON. J. C. CROKER,

Iricfirpiuatiiig his Tour to the Hebrides, and accompanied by the Commentaries of all pre-
ceding Editors: with numerous additional Notes and Iliustratfve Anec-dotes; to which are
added Two Supplementary Volumes of Anecdotes by HAWKINS, I'nut/.i. MURPHY, TVERS,
JlhYMU.ii>., s, I..KVI;XS, and others. l» vols. 12mn, illustrated by upwards of 50 Views, Por-
traits, ami sheets of Autographs, linely engraved on Steel, from Drawings by Slanfield, Hard-
ins.-, I.e., e.i.th. ledui-ed to It. 111*. 1848

This new, improved, and greatly enlarged edition, beautifully printed in the popular form of
Sir Waiter Si oil, and 11} nm's W.'.iks, is just such an edition a's Dr. Johnson himscif loved and
rtx-ommeiiilvd. In one of the Ana recorded in the supplementary volumes ol the present edi-
tion, be -., »: " Kooks tnat } uu may carry to the fire, and hold readily in your hand, are the
most useful alter ali. Such books torn) the mass ot general and easy reading."

BOURRICNNES MEMOIRS OF NAPOLEON, one stout, rfc-wly, but elesantlr printed
TO)., I''. •!.>.. .•;. U'ir.u, wiih lii.e tquutri*! Portrait of Napoleon and Fiontispiece (pub. at 3*.),
cloth, Si. txi. UU

BRITISH ESSAYISTS, viz.. Spectator, Tatler, GuardUn, Rambler, Adventurer, Idler, and
CoBnolxeur, ., tim.k vols. STO, portiaits (pub. at '11. 5».J, cloth, II. It. Cither volume may b«
bad se|i:u..:e.

BRITISH POETS, CABINET EDITION, containing the complete works ef tht principal

En.k-li.si, poet*, irom Mi.:,,:, to Knke '.Vi.ite. 4 vols. post Svo (size of Standard Library)
(Hinted in a very uual> tut lieauiiiu; IM.P. -.•; .Medallion I'urlraiU (j>ub. at ti. it.), cloth, Ut.

14 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS

BROUGHAM'S (LORD) POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, and Essay on the British Consttt*.
tion, 3 vnls. 8vo (puh. at \l. 11». 6tl.), cloth, H. ;». 1844-4

. British Constitution (a portion of the preceding work), 8vo. cloth, St.

BROUGHAM'S (LORD) HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF STATESMEN, and other
Public Characters of the time of George III. Vol. III. royal 8vo, with 10 :ine portraits
{pub. at M. li. ), cloth, la*. 6<(. 1849

BROUGHAM'S (LORD) LIVES OF MEN OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE, Who
nourished In the time of George HI, royal 8vo, with 10 fine portraits (puh. at II. it.}, cloth, 12».

Ml
-•— the same, also with the portraits, demy 8vo (pub. at II. !«.), cloth, lOi. 6d. HIO

BROWNE'S (SIR THOMAS) WORKS, COMPLETE. Including hi. Vnter F.rror. '
Religio Medici, Urn Burial, Christian Morals, Correspondence, Journals, and Tracts, many of
them hitherto unpublished. The whole collected and edited by SIMON WILKIX, F.L.S. 4
Tols. 8vo, fine Portrait (puh. at 21. 8».), cloth, It. 11«. (M. Pirkeriny, 1836

"Sir Thomas Browne, the contemporary of Jeremy Taylor, Hooke, Bacon, Selden, and
Robert Burton, is undoubtedly one of tilt most eloquent and' poetical or that great literary era
His thoughts are often truly sublime, and always conveyed in the moat impressive language.'-
— Ckambm. .t

BUCKINGHAM'S AMERICA; HISTORICAL, STATISTICAL, AND DESCRIPTIVE,

2 vote.; Canada,' Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, ami 'the' other British 1'rovinces in North
America, 1 vol. Together 9 stout vols. 8vo, numerous fine Engravings (pub. at 6(. 10j. 6d.),
Cloth, 2/. 12«. M. 1841-43

"Mr. Buckingham goes deliberately throueh the States, treating of all, historically and sta-
tistically—of their rise and progress, their manufactures, trade, population, topoirrnphy, fer-

kfntue o/ li~noti>t'i<lye."—Atlifn(Pwn.

"A very entire and comprehensive riew of the United States, diligently collected by a man
of great acuteness and observation." — Literary Gazette.

BURKE'S (EDMUND) WORKS. With a Biographical and Critical Introduction by ROGERS. '
2 Tola, imperial 8vo, closely but handsomely printed (pub. at 21. 2>.), cloth, It. Va. 1841

BURKE'S ENCYCLOP/tDIA OF HERALDRY; OR, GENERAL ARMOURY

OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IKKI.AXI). Comprising a Registry of all Armorial
Bearines, Cresis, and Mottoes, from the Earliest Period to the Present 'lime, including the
late Grants by the College of Arms. With an Introduction to Heraldry, and a Dictionary of
Terms. Third Edition, with a Supplement. One very large vol. imperial 8vo, beautifully.
printed in small tvpe, in double columns, bv WHITTINGHAM, embellished with an elaborate
Frontispiece, richly illuminated in gold anil colours; also Woodcut* (pub. at 21. 2s.), cloth'
gilt, it. at. 1844'

The most elaborate and useful Work of the kind ever published. It contains upwards of
JO.Ooo armorial 'hearings, and incorpo rates all that have hitherto been given by Gnillim, Ed-
mondson, Collins, Nishet, Hern', llobson, and others; besides many thousand names which
have never appeared in any previous Work. This volume, in fact, in a small compass, but
without abridgment, contains more than lour ordinary quartos.

BURNS' WORKS, WITH LIFE BY ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, AND NOTES BY

SIR WALTER SCOTT, CAMPBKI.L, WORDSWORTH, I.OCKHAKT, &c. Royal 8vo,
fine Portrait and Plates (puh. at Ifu.), cloth, uniform with Byron, lui. M. 1842

Tliis Is positively the only complete edition of Burns, in a single volume, Svo. It contains
not only every scrap which Burns ever wrote, whether prose or verse, but also a considerable
number of Scotch national airs, collected and illustrated by him (not given elsewhere) and full
and interesting accounts of the occasions and circumstances of his various writings. The
very complete and interesting Life by Allan Cunningham alone occupies 104 paws, and the
Indices and Glossary are very copious. The whole forms a thick elegantly printed volume,
extendinz in all to 848 pages. The other editions, including one published in similar shape,
with an abridgment of the Life by Allan r
whole volume in only 504 pages, do not cnnti

CAMPBELL'S LIFE AND TIMES OF PETRARCH, with Notices of Boccaccio and hii
Illustrious Contemporaries. Second Edition. 2 vols. Svo, fine Portraits aud plates (pub. at
I/. 11>. mi. i, cloth, U't. 184J

GARY'S EARLY FRENCH POETS, a Series of Notices and Translations, with »n Intro-
ductory Sketch of ihe History ol French Poetry; Edited hy his Son, the Her. IlXHKT CART.'
foolscap, Svo, cloth, St. 1846

GARY'S LIVES OF ENGLISH POETS, supplementary to r>r. JOHKSOX'S "Lives."
Edited by his Son, foolscap Svo, cloth, 7s. 184*

CHATHAM PAPERS, belne the Correspondence of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
Edited by the Kieruiors of his Son, John Earl of Chatham, and published from the Origina.
Manuscripts in their possession, 4 vols. Svo (puh. at 3i. 12*.), cloth, It. 5j.

Murray, 1838-40

"A production of greater historical interest could hardly be imagined. It is a standard
work, which will directly pass into every library."— Literary Gazette.

"There is hardly any man in modern times who fills so large a space in our history, and if
whom we know so little, AS Lord Chatham ; he was the greatest Statesman and Orator that
this country er«r produced. We regard this Work, therefore, is one of the greatest v»loe."—
£dt*iur;& fiewnu.

I'UIU.ISIIEU OK SOLD BT H. G. BOHN.

CHATTERTON'S WORKS, both Prose and Poetical, Including his Letters; with Notice*
of his Lite. History ot the Rowley Controversy, and Notes Critical au« Explanatory. 2 vol'«
post 8vu, elegantly printed, with Engraved Fac-similes of Chatterton'a Handwriting and th»
Rowley MSS. (pub. at lii.), clolli, 'Jt. Liuge Paper, 2 volt, crown Svo (pub. at li. !».), cloth,
lla. 1S42

" Warton, Malone, Croft, Dr. Knox, Dr. Sherwin, and others, in prose; and Scott, Wonis-
Vnrth, Kirke White, Montgomery, Shelley, Coleridge, and Keats, in ver«e; have conierred
•lastiui- immortality upon the Poems of Chatterton."

"Chntterton's was a genins I 'e that of Homer and Shakspeare, which appears not abort
once in many centuries." — I'ictutnm A'no-r.

CiARKE'S (DR. E. D.) TRAVELS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES OF EUROPE,
ASIA, AND AFRICA, 11 vols. Svo, maps and plates (pub. at lut), cloth, 31. 3t. 1827-34

CLASSIC TALES, Cabinet Edition, comprising the Vicar of Wakefield, Elizabeth, Paul and
Virginia, Gulliver's Travels, Sterne's Sentimental Journey, Sorrows of Werter, Theodosius
and Constantsa, Castle of Otranto, and Hasselas, complete in 1 vol. 12mo. ; 7 medallion por-
traits (pub. at 10j. 6d.), clotb, :;«. Gd.

COLMAN'S (GEORGE) POETICAL WORKS, containing his Broad Grins. Vagaries, and
Eccentricities, 24mo, woodcuts (pub. at 2.1. 6<i.)> cloth, 1*. 6d. 1K4U

COOPERS (J. F.) HISTORY OF THE NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA, from the Earliest I'erioa to the Peace of 1815, 2 vois, 8vo (pub. at 1(. luj.), gilt
cloth, 12.1. 183»

COPLEY'S (FORMERLY MRS. HEWLETT) HISTORY OF SLAVERY AND ITS

ABOLITION. Second Edition, with au Appendix, thick small Svo, line Portrait of
Clarkson (pub. at 6.1.), cloth, 4s. 6d. 1839

COSTEl.LO'S SPECIMENS OF THE EARLY FRENCH POETRY, from the tune of

the Troubadours to the Reign of Henry IV, post Svo, with 4 Plates, spienuidly iiloinmated ia
gold and colours, cloth gilt, IM. 183*

COWPERS COMPLETE WORKS, EDITED BY SOUTHEY; comprising his Poems,
Correspondence, and Translations; with a Lite of the Author. 15 irols. post 8vo, embellished
with numerous exquisite Engravings, alter the designs of liAKViiv (pub. at 31. 15<.J, cloth,
SI. 5*. 1835-37

This is the only complete edition of Cowper's Works, prose and poetical, which has ever
been given to the world. Many of them are still exclusively copyright, and consequently
cannot appear in any other edition.

CRAWFURD'S (J.) EMBASSY TO SIAM AND COCHIN-CHINA. » «>li. Svo,
Maps, and 25 Plates (pub. at It. lit. (it/.), cbti, 12a. 1*3»

CRAWFURDS EMBASSY TO AVA, with an Appendix on Fossil Remains by Professor
BUCKLA.M). 2 vois. bvo, with la Mans, Plates, and Vignettes (pub. at li. lit. M.), cloth,
12«. 1831

CRUIKSHANKS THREE COURSES AND A DESSERT. A Series of Tale«, In Three
Sets, viz., Irish, Legal, and Miscellaneous. Crown Svo, with 51 extremely clever and comic
Illustrations (publishing in the Illustrated Library at 5«.)

"This is an cxtrnor.tiniiry performance. Such an union of the painter, the poet, and the
novelist, in one person, is unexampled. A tithe of the talent that goes to making the stories
would set up a dozen of annual writers; and a tithe of the inventive genius that is displayed is
tbe illustrations would furnish a gallery."— V*-<u<or.

DAVIS'S SKETCHES OF CHINA, During an Inland Journey of Four Months; with an
Account oi the War. Two vois., pualgvo, with a new map ol China (pub. at It*.), cloth, Hi.

1841

OIEDIN'S BIBLIOMANIA: OR BOOK-MADNESS. A Bibliographical Romance. New

Drama, 'and a Supplement. 2 vols. royal 8vo, handsomely printed, embellished by numerous
Woodcuts, many of which are now first added (pub. at 3t. 3s.), cloth, II. lit. M. Large Paper,
imperial Svo, of which only very few copies were printed (pub. at at. 5a.), cloth, 31. Ui. (id.

184S

information on all biblioL-r.-iiihical subjects, has loin; been very scarce and sold for considerable
sunn— the small paper for Hi. iw.. and the large paper for upwards of 50 guineas! I I

DIBDIN'S (CHARLES) SONGS, Admiralty edition, complete, with a Memoir by T.
DUIDIN, illustrated with 12 Characteristic Sketches, engraved on Steel by GKOKOK CKUIK-
sHAMt, I2mo, cloth lettered. ;>». 184t

DOMESTIC COOKERY, by a Lady (Mrs. RVKDKLL) New Edition, with numerous additional
Receipts, by Mrs. limcii, 12mo., with >j plates (pub. at 6a.) cloth, 3i. lt>4«

(BRAKE'S SHAKSFEARE AND HIS TIMES, including the Biography of the Poet,

Cnu.MMiis on his Genius and Writings, a new Chronology of Li.-, Plays, and a llisinry of the
Majint-is. CuM«r,i3, and Amusements, Superstitions, 1'oetry, and Literature of the Eli/ibethau
Era. 2 vols. ,i- i above HM pugusj, with line Portrait and a Plate of Autographs (pvb. at
S/. 5..), cloth, I/. U. 1817

"A in:t.sier:y prodiu-tkm, the nublication of which will form an «|mrh in tbe ShaksperUn hia.
torv lit this c"i;mr\ . 1 1 ci':t.(iiist's aiso a complete ami I'ritical (inaivsis oi all tbe I'n.v-i and
Poems 01 Sbaksiiiaiu , ana a coniur«o«iiiive and puwerlul skvtcii oi the couMoip'
ture."— (ieiitttMuH't Jiuyuitx*.

' 6 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS

ENGLISH CAUSES CELEBRES, OR, REMARKABLE TRIALS. Square J2mo, (pah.
at 4i.), ornamental wrapper, L'J. 18*1

FENNS PASTON LETTERS, Original Letters of the Paston Family, written during th»
Reigns of licr.ry VI, Fdward IV, anil Richard III, by various Persons'of R«nk anil Conie-
^uence, chiefly nn Historical Subjects. New Edition, with Notes and Corrections, complete,
2 vnls. lioiind in I, square 12mo (p»h- at l(1»-), cloth gilt, 5». (iuaintly bound in marotm
morocco, carved hoards, in ihe early style, gilt edges. 15». 1849

fhe original edition of this very curious and interesting series of historical Letters is a rare
t»ook, and sells for upwards of ten guineas. The present is not an abridgment, as might he
•upposed from its form, hut gives the whole matter by omitting the duplicate version of the
letters written in an obsolete language, and adopting only the more modern, readable version
published by Fenn.

" Tbc Paston Letters are an important testimony to the progressive condition of society, and
come in as a precious link in the chain of the moral history of England, which they alone in
this period supply. They stand indeed singly in Europe."— Hallam.

FIELDING'S WORKS, EDITED BY ROSCOE, COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME.
(Tom Jones, Amelia, Jonathan Wild, Joseph Andrews. Plays, Essays, and Miscellanies.)
Medium Svo, with 20 capital Plates by CKUIKSHANK .pul). at \t. ts.), cloth gilt, 14.<. 1848

"Of all the works of imagination" to which English genius lias given origin, thr writings of
Henry Fielding are perhaps most decidedly and exclusively her own."— Sir Walter Xcott.

"The piose Homer of human nature."— Lord Hyron.

FOSTER'S ESSAYS ON DECISION OF CHARACTER; on a Man's Writing Memoir*
of Himself; on the epithet Romantic; on the Aversion of Men of Taste to Evangelical Reli-
gion, &c. Fcap. svo, Eighteenth Edition (pub. at ««.), cloth, 5.1. 1848
" I have read with the greatest admiration the Essays of Mr. Foster. He is one of the most

FOSTER'S ESSAY ON THt EVILS OF POPULAR IGNORANCE. New Edition,
elegantly printed, in fcap. Svo, now first uniform with his Essays on Decision of Character,
cloth. 5». 1847

"Mr. Foster always considered this his best work, and the one by which he wished bis
literary claims to be estimated." .

"A work which, popular and admired as it confessedly is, has never met with the thousandth
part of the attention which it deserves."— Dr. Pye Smith.

FROISSARTS CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND SPAIN, &.C. New

Edition, by Colonel Johnes, with 120 beautiful Woodcuts, 2 vols. super-royal Svo, cloth
lettered (pub. at II. 16>.), It. S». 184»

FROISSART, ILLUMINATED ILLUSTRATIONS OF, 74 plates, printed in gold and

colours, 2 vols. super-royal Svo, half bound, uncut (pub. at 4/. 10«. ), 31. 10.t.
• the same, large paper, 2 vols. royal 4to, half bound, uncut (pub. at lo;. 10.1.), 6(. t>

FROISSART'S CHRONICLES, WITH THE 74 ILLUMINATED ILLUSTRATIONS

INSERTED, 2 vols, super-royal Svo, elegantly Ualf bound red morocco, gilt edges, emble-
matically tooled (pub. at 61. r>».), 41. 10«. 1849

GAZETTEER.— NEW EDINBURGH UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER, AND GEOGRA-
PHICAL DICTIONARY, more complete than any hitherto published. New Edition, revised
and completed to the present time, by JOHN THOMSON (Editor of the Universal Altai, Sic.),
»ery thick Svo (1040 pages), Maps (pub. at 18».), cloth, 12».

This comprehensive volume is the latest, and by far the best Universal Gazetteer of its tiw.
It includes a full account of Afghanistan, New Zealand, &c. &c.

CELL'S (SIR WILLIAM) TOPOGRAPHY OF ROME AND ITS VICINITY. An

improved Edition, complete in 1 vol. 8vo, with several Plates, cloth, 12*. With a very large
Map of Rome audits Environs (from a most careful trigonometrical survey), mounted on cloth,
and folded In a case 10 as to form a volume. Together 2 vols. Svo, cloth, It, It. 1846

journal, we could, after all, afford but a meagre indication of their interest and worth. It is,
indeed, a last! g memorial of eminent literary exertion, devoted to a subject of great import-
ance, and one dear, not only to every scholar, but to every reader of intelligence to whom the
truth of history is an object of consideration."

GILLIES' (DR.) HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS, Relating to Remarkable Periods of the
Unuation by the Re». H! BONAR, royal Svo (pul.. at li«. ud.J, cloth, 7«. 6d. 184*

GLEIGS MEMOIRS O.F WARREN HASTINGS, first Governor-General of Bengal. 3
Tola. Svo, 6ne Portrait fpuh. at 21. 5>.), cloth, I/. 1«. 1841

GOETHE'S FAUST, PART THE SECOND, as completed in 1831, translated into English
Verse by JOHN MACDONALD BEI.L, Esq. Second Edition, fcap. Svo (pub. at C«.), cloth, 3».

1842

BOLDSMITH'S WORKS, w'.th n Life and Notes. 4 vols. fcap. 8vo, with engraved Titles and

Plates by STOTHAKD and CR.UIKSHAXK. New and elegant Edition (pub. at It.), extra

cloth, 12». IMS

"Can any author— can even Sir Walter Scott, be compared with Goldsmith for the variety,

beauty, and power of his compositions? You may take him and 'cut him out in little stars,' so

"the volumes of Goldsmith will ever constitute one of the most precious 'wells of English
rudefiled.' "— Quarterly Review.

GORDON'S HISTOrtY OF THE GREEK REVOLUTION, and of the War. and Cam-
paigns arising from «he Struggles of the Greek Patriots in emancipating their countr» from th<
Tarnish yoke. By the late THOMAS GORDON, General of a Division of the Gre'rk Army.
S*cond Edition. 1 volt. 8v«, Mips and Plans I pub. at 1(. 10». \. cloth, 10». 6d. IMS

PUBLISHED OK SOLD BY H. G. BOHN. 17

GORTON'S BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, 3 thick volt. Svo, cloth lettered (pnb. at

•IL 2).), \l. ill. (;</.

GRANVILLES (DR.) SPAS OF ENGLAND and Principal Sen Bathing Places. S roll,
post 8TO, with large Map, and upwards of 50 beautiful Woodcuts (pub. at 11. I3i.), cloth, 15».

GRANVILLE'S (DR.) SPAS OF GERMANY, STO, with 39 Woodcuts and Maps (pub. at

18f. ), cloth, 9«. 1843

HALL'S (CAPTAIN BASIL) PATCHWORK, consisting of Travels, and Adventures in
Switzerland, Italy, France, Sicily, Malta, Sic. 3 vols, 12mo, Second Edition, cloth, gilt (pub. at

15».), 7». 0.'.

HEEREN'S (PROFESSOR) HISTORICAL WORKS, translated from the German, viz.-
ASIA, New Edition, complete in 2 vois.— AFRICA, 1 vol.— EUROPE ANI; ITS CULONIKS, 1

VOJ.— AXC'IKXT GREECE, and HISTORICAL TREATISES, 1 Vol.— M A X UAI. OF AXCIIiST HlS-

TORY, 1 vol.— together fi vols. Svo (formerly puh. at 71.}, cloth lettered, uniform, 31. 3«.

*»* AVro and Complete £ditum», with General Indeiet.

" Professor Heeren's Historical Researches stand in the very highest rank among those with
which modern Germany has enriched the Literature of Europe."— Quarterly Review.

HEEREN'S HISTORICAL RESEARCHES INTO THE POLITICS, INTERCOURSE,

AN!) TRADES OF THE ANCIENT NATIONS OF AFRICA; including the Carthaginians,
Ethiopians, and Egyptians. New Edition, corrected throughout, with an Index, Life of the
Author, new Appendixes, and other Additions. Complete in 1 vol. Svo, cloth, llij. 1850

HEEREN'S HISTORICAL RESEARCHES INTO THE POLITICS, INTERCOURSE,

AND TRADES OF THE ANCIENT NATIONS OF ASIA; including the l'er«ian«, Phoe-
nicians, Babylonians, Scythian.-., and Indians. New and improved Edition, complete in 2
Tols. 8vo, elegantly printed (puh. originally at 21. 5«.), cloth, II. 4s. 184«

"One of Die most valuable acquisitions made to eur historical stories since the days of
Gibbon."— Athrnmm.

HEEREN'S MANUAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF

EUROPE AND ITS COLONIES, from its formation at the close of the Fifteenth Century,
to its re-establishment upon the Fall of Napoleon, translated from the Filth German Edition
New Edition, complete in 1 vol. Svo, cl«th, Hi. 184«

"The best History of Modern Europe that lias yet appeared, and it is likely long to remaii.
without a riva.."— jtlirtiifMui.

"A work of sterling value, which will diffuse useful knowledge for generations, after all the
shallow pretenders to that distinction are fortunately forgotten."— Literary Gazette.

HEEREN'S ANCIENT GREECE, translated by BANCROFT; and HISTORICAL
TREATISES; viz:— 1. The Political Consequences of the Reformation. II. The Rise, Pro-
gress, and Practical Influence of Political Theories. III. The Hise and Growth of the Conti-
nental Interests oi Great Britain. In 1 vol. Svo, with Index, cloth, 15». 1847

HEEREN'S MANUAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY, particularly with regard to the Consti-
tutions, the Commerce, and the Colonies of the States of Antiquity. Third Edition, corrected
and improved. Svo (pub. at 15^.), cloth, 12».

*»* AVro Kditinn, n'ith Inder. 1M7

"We never remember to have seen a Work in which so much useful knowledge was con-
densed into so small a compass. A careful examination convinces us that this book will be
useful for our English higher schools or colleges, and will contribute to direct attention to th»
better and more instructive parts of history. The translation is executed with great fidelity."
—Quarterly Juurnal nf Education.

HEEREN'S MANUAL OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY For the use of Schools and
Private Tuition. Compiled from the Works of A. H. 1.. HEERK.N, 12mo (pub. at 2». Crf.l,
cloth, 2J. Offorii, TuUan/t, 1834

"An excellent and most useful little volume, and admirably adapted for the use of schools
and private instruction."— I.itrrary Gazette.

" A valuable addition to our list of school books."— Athenirvm.

JACOB'S HISTORICAL INQUIRY INTO THE PRODUCTION AND CON-
SUMPTION OF THE PRECIOUS METALS, 2 vols. Svo ('pub. at If. 4».), cloth, KVi. 1S31

JAMESS WILLIAM THE THIRD, comprising the History of his Reign, illustrated In is
series of unpublished letters, addressed to the Duke of Khrewsmiry. by JAMI.S VF.KMIK.
Secretary of State, with Introduction and Notes, by G. P. R. JAMBS, Esq. 3 vols. Kvo, !'•"•
traits (puh. at ->l. :;».), cloth, 1S». H>H

JAENISCH'S CHESS PRECEPTOR; anew Analysis of the openings of Games; translated,
with Notes, by WALKER, Svo, cloth lettered (puh. at loi.), 6». 6d.

KJHNSON'S (DR.) ENGLISH DICTIONARY, printed verbatim from the Author'* '.ut
Folio Edition. With all the Examples in full. To which are prefixed a History of the Lan-
guage, and an English Grammar. 1 large vol. imperial 8vo (pub. at 11. 2«.), cloth, II. 3s. »k«C

OHNSON'S (DR.) LIFE AND WORKS, bv MURPHY. New and improved Edition, com-
plete in 2 thick vols. Svo, Portrait, cloth lettered (pub. at ll. llj. 6<1.), 13J. »8iC

AHNSONIANA; a Collection of Miscellaneous Anecdotes and Sayings, gathered from r.eirly •
hundred different Publications, and nut cnctained in l!os\vri i.'s "Lite of Johnson. Edited b»
J. W. CHOKER, M.P. thick fcap. Svo. oorunit *'"! frontispiece (puh. at lOi.J, cloth, 4i. Cd.

18 CATALOGUE OK NKW BOOKS

JOHNSTON'S TRAVELS IN SOUTHERN ABYSSINIA, through the Country of Ada),
to Die Kingdom of Shoa. 2 vol.-,. 8vo, map anil plates (pub. at \l. »>.), ciou., 3(w. W. 1844

KIRBY'S WONDERFUL MUSEUM. 5 vols. 8vo, upward, of loo curioi-s portraits and
plates (pub. at4*. 4».), clotb, li. Is.

KNIGHT'S JOURNEY-BOOKS Or ENGLAND. BERKSHIKE, including a fail Descrip-
tion of Windsor. With x.i Engravings on Wood, and a large illuminated Slup. Reduced
to 1». 6<(.

HAMPSHIRE, Including the Isle of Wight. With 33 Engraving! on Wood, and & large illu-
minated Map. Reduced to 2s.

DERBYSHIRE, including the Peak, &c. With 23 Engravings on Wood, and a large illumi-
nated Map. Reduced to la. 6J.

KENT. With 58 Engravings on Wood, and a'large illuminated Map. Reduced to 2«. 6d.

KNOWLES'S IMPROVED WALKER'S PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY, containing
above 5(),llOO additional Words; to which is added an Accentuated Vocabulary of Classical and
Scripture Proper Names, new Edition, in 1 thick handsome volume, large svo, with Portrait,
clotb lettered (pub. at u. 4.1. i, 7*. M. 184i

LACONICS; OR, THE BEST WORDS OF THE BEST AUTHORS. Seventh

Edition. 3 vols. 18mo, with elegant Frontispieces, containing 30 Portraits (pub. at 15j.), cloth

gilt, 7«. 6d. Tilt, 1840

This pleasant collection of pithy and sententious readings, from the best English authors o!

all ages, has long enjoyed great and deserved popularity.

LANE'S KORAN, SELECTIONS FROM THE. with an interwoven Commentary, trans-
lated from the Arabic, methodically arranged, and illustrated by Notes, 8vo (pub. atlO«. W. ),
cloth, St. 184.1

LEAKES (COL.) TRAVELS IN THE MOREA. 3 vols. 8vo. With a very large Map of
the Morca, and upwards of 30 various Maps, Plans, Plates of ancient Greek Inscriptions, &c.
(pub. at it. 5».) cloth, II. 81. 183»

LEWIS'S (MONK) LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE, with many Pieces in Prose and
Verse never before published. 2 vols. 8vo, portrait (pub. at Id. 8s.), cloth, 12s. 183a

LISTER'S LIFE OF EDWARD FIRST EARL OF CLARENDON. With Original
Correspondence and Authentic Papers, never before published. 3 vols. 8vo, Portrait (pub. at
21. 8s.), cloth, 18). 1838

"A Work oflahorious research, written with masterly ability."— Altai.

LOCKHART'S HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO AND NEW SPAIN,
AND MEMOIRS OF THE CONQUISTADOR, UEHNAL DIAZ DEL CASTILLO.
Written by himself, and now first completely translated from the original Spanish. 2 vols.
8ro, (pub. at 11. 4s.), cloth, 12s. 1844

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CHRISTIAN TREASURY. Consistim; ol the following Expositions and Treatises, Edited by
MI.MKS, viz: — Maine's Discourses and Dissertations oil th«8eil|itural Doctrines of Atonement
and Sacrifice; Witherspoon's Practical Treatise on Repent-ration ; Boston's Crook in the Lot;
Guild's Moses Unveiled; Guild's Harmonv of all the Prophets; l.ess's Authenticity, Un-
corrupted Preservation, atin Credihility of the New Testament; Stuart's Letters on the
Divinity of Christ. In 1 vol. royal svo (puh. at 12s.), cloth, (u. 1844

CRUDEN'S CONCORDANCE TO THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT, revised
and condensed hy G. H. HAMJAY, thick ismo, beautifully printed (puh. atfe.), cloth, 3t. 6d.

1844

"An extremely pretty and very cheap edition. It contains all that Is useful in the original
work, omittinc only prepositions, conjunctions, &c. which can never he made available for
purposes of reference. Indeed it is all that the Scripture student can •!• -;re."— Guardian.

KILLER'S (REV. ANDREW) COMPLETE WORKS; with a M, ...,irof his Life, by hU

Son, 1 larjce vol. imperial Svo, New Edition, Portrait (puh. at II. Uu.), cloth, It. Sj. 184i

GREGORY'S (DR. OLINTHUS) LETTERS ON THE EVIDENCES, DOCTRINES,
ANj) DUTIES OF THE CHRISTIAN RKI.IOION, addressed to a Friend. Eighth Edition,
»lu! many Additions and Corrections. Complete in 1 thick well-printed vol. leap, svo (pub.
»t It. tal.i, cloth, 5.i. 1846

"We earnestly recommend this wors to the attentive perusal of all cultivated minds. We
are acquainted with no Look in the circle of English Literature which is equally calculated to
jrive yonim persona just views of the evidence, the nature, and the importance of revealed

me yonim persons just M
•eUeinii."- K,,!,ert Hall.

GRAVES'S (DEAN) LECTURES ON THE PENTATEUCH, svo, New Edition (pub.

at Us.),c!o'.!.. 1846

HALL'S (BISHOP) ENTIRE WORKS, with an account of his Life and Suffmmrs. New
I-.dition, with considerable Additions, a Translation of ail the Latin Pieces, and a Glossary.
Indices, and Notes, by the Kev. PETER HALL, 12 vols. tvo, Portrait (puh. at 7/. 4«. I, cloth, 51.

O-iJonl, Tuttioyi, 1837-39

HALL'S (THE REV ROBERT) COMPLETE WORKS, with a Memoir of his Life, by
Dr. OI.INTIIUS GHF.GOHV.and Observations on his Character as a Preacher, by JOHN FOSTJE.
Author of Essays o-- l-opular Igr.orance, &c. G vols. Svo, handsomely pr.nted. with beautiful
Portrait (puh. at 3/. 161.), clo:h, contents lettered, II. 11'. M.

The same, printed iu a smaller size, 6 vols. fcap. 810, H. Is. cloth, lettered.

" Win. ever wishes to see the Etnclish laneuaice in i't perfection must rend the writlncs of that
preat Divine, Robert Hall. He combines the hearties of JOHNSON, Annibc.N, and BURXE,
without their imperfections."— livnit:' ^

" 1 cannot do better than refer the academic reader to the immortal works of Robert Hall.
For moral grandeur, for Christian truth, and for s-jbllmi'-y, we may doubt whether they have
their match in the sacred oratorv of anv a>re or country."— /'-• •

"The name of Rohert H.iii win he p'lareu l.y posterity amonf the best writers of the aire, as
well as the most vigorous delenders of religious truth, and the brightest examples of Chiistiaa
charity. "^*ir J. .1/,,,-kin.o.A.

HENRY'S (MATTHEW) COMMENTARY ON THE BIBLE, hy BICKERSTETH. In
G vols. 4to, New Edition, printed on fine paper (puh. at >jt. Vs.), cloth, St. 10j. 6rf. 1849

HILL'S (REV. ROWLAND) MEMOIRS, by his Friend, the P.ev. W. JONES, Edited, with
a Preface, by the Rev. JAMES SIIKKMAN (Ro%vi,AMi Hn.l.'s Successor as Minister of Surrey
Chapel). Second Edition, carefully revised, thick po»l 8vo, tine Steel Portrait (pub. at lui.)
Cloth, 5.. 184*

HOPKINS'S (BISHOP) WHOLE WORKS, with a memoir of the Author, In 1 thick vol.

royal svo (puh. at iK..), cloth, 14s. The same, wilh a very extensive general index of Texts

and Subjects, t vols. royal Kvo (i»b. at II. 4.O, cloth, ;v. 1»41

•• liisMou Hopkins's vforks form of themselves a souud body of divinity, lie is clear, vehe

ment, and persuasive."— BickmUth.

HOWE'S WORKS, with LKe, by CALAMV, 1 large vol. Imperial Svo, Portrait (pub. *t it. 1C..),

cio'h. \l. l.u. l»3i

" I h.n e learned far more from John Howe than from any other author I evrr read. There
is an asKinishinu m»:rnif,rence in his conceptions. He was unquestionably thu greatest of the
puritan divines."— Hubert Hull.

HUNTINGDON'S (COUNTESS OF) LIFE AND TIMES ByaMemherofthelIon.es
of Shirley and Hanima*. sixth Tl— usand. with a conions Index. 2 large vo.s. Svo, Portrait*
of the Countess. Whitelield, and Wesley (pub. at I/. 4*.), clotb, 14s. 1844

HUNTINGDON'S (REV. W.) WORKS, Edited by his Son, C vols. Svo, Portraits and Plates
(pub. at M. KS.I. i>d.), cloth, •:/. 5s.

LEIGHTON'S (ARCHBISHOP) WHOLE WORKS; to V.-MCM 1« prriM»d n Ltle of the
Author, by the Re\. N. T. PEAKSON. New Edition, : tl.ick vo.». svo, Portrait (pob. *t It. 4«.)
«*Uk cloth, lij. The only coanpletc Edition. 1M(

24 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS

LEIGHTONS COMMENTARY ON PETER; «ith Life, by PEARSON, complete in 1
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LIVES OF THE ENGLISH SAINTS. By the REV. J. H. NEWMAN and others, 14 vnis.
12mo (pub. at U. is.), sewed in ornamented covers, II. It. 1M4-J

M'CRIE'S LIFE OF JOHN KNOX, with Illustrations of the History of the Reformation in
Scotland. New F.iiition witli numerous Additions, and a Memoir, Sc. by ANDREW CIUCIITOX.
Fcap. 8vo (pul>. at oJ.), cloth, 3J. 6d. 1W7

MAGEES (ARCHBISHOP) WORKS, comprising Discourses and Dissertations on the
Scriptural Doctrines of Atonement and Sacrifice; Sermons, and Visitation Charges. With i
Memoir of his Life, by the Rev. A. H. KEXXY, D.D. 2 vols. Svo (pub. at It. 0...), cloth, )g«.

1(4}

"Discovers such deep research, 3'ields so much valuable information, an;! affords so many
he(|>s to tiie refutation of error, as to constitute the most valuable treasure of biblical learning,
of which a Christian scholar can be possessed."— Clint tian Oiiterver.

MORES (HANNAH) LIFE, by the Rev. HF.XRY THOMSON, post 8vo, printed uniformly
with her works, Portrait, a.ud Wood Engravings (pub. at 12...), extra cloth, 63. Cadetl, 18:i»
"This tiiay be called the official edition of Hannah More's Life. It brlnsra so much new an!
Interesting matter into the field respecting her, that it will receive a hearty welcome from the
public. Among the rest, the particulars of most of her publications will reward the curiosity
of literary readers."— iUerury Gazette.

MORE'S (HANNAH) SPIRIT OF PRAYER, fcap. Svo, Portrait (pub. at 6».), cloth. 4«.

Cuilett, 184S

MORE'S (HANNAH) STORIES FOR THE MIDDLE RANKS OF SOCIETY,

and Talcs for the Common People, 2 vols. post Svo (pub. at Us.), cloth, 9». Cadell, 1830

MORE'S (HANNAH) POETICAL WORKS, post Svo (pub. at St.), cloth, st.ed.

Cadell, 1829

MORE'S (HANNAH) MORAL SKETCHES OF PREVAILING OPINIONS AND
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cloth, 4*. Cadell, 1831)

MORE'S (HANNAH) ESSAY ON THE CHARACTER AND PRACTICAL
WRITINGS OF ST. PAUL, post 8vo (pub. at lOi. 6d.), cloth, 5». Cadetl, 1847

MORE'S (HANNAH) CHRISTIAN MORALS. Post gvo (pub. at IO..M.), cloth, s».

Cadell, 1836

MORES (HANNAH) PRACTICAL PIETY; Or, the Influence of the Religion of the
Heart on the Conduct of the Life, 32mo, Portrait, cloth, 2.!. M. 1S5H

all edition. It was revised just before her death, and contains much

The only complete small editio
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MORE'S (HANNAH) SACRED DRAMAS, chiefly intended for Yonnr People, to which it
added "Sensibility," an Epistle, Mnm (pub. at 2». fit/. I, gilt cloth, frill edges, -it. IR.Vi

Tliis is the last genuine edition, and contains some copyright editions, which arc not In anr
other.

MORE'S f HANNAH) SEARCH AFTER HAPPINESS; with Ballads, Tales, Hymns.
and Epitaphs, 32mo (pub. at 2*. «rf.(, gilt cloth, gilt edges, It. &/. ig.«

NEFF (FELIX) LIFE AND LETTERS OF, translated from the French of M. HOST, Vr
M. A. WVATT, fcap. Svo, Portrait (pub. at 6«.), cloth, :ij. 6d. 1843

PALEY'S WORKS, in 1 vol. consisting of his Natural Theology, Moral and Political Phllosophv .
Evidences of Christianity, Horn- Paulinw, Clergyman's Companion in Visiting the Sick. kit.
Svo, hands. imely printed in double columns (pub. at lilt. 6d.), cloth, 53. Ikt'.l

PALEY'S COMPLETE WORKS, with a biographical Sketch of the Author, by REV. D. S
WAYI.AND, 5 vols. Svo (pub. at 11. lit.), cloth, liu. 18:17

PASCAL'S THOUGHTS ON RELIGION, and Adam's Private Thoushts on ReligioB.
edited by the REV. E. BICKKRSTF.TH, fcap. Svo (pub. at 3».), cloth, 3j. Ixt. ISi?

PICTORIAL DICTIONARY OF THE HOLY BIBLE. Or, a Cvclopre,lia of Ti:n«tration».
Graphic, Historical, and Descriptive of the Sacred Writings, by 'reference -o the Manner*
Customs, Rites, Traditions, Antiquities, and Literature of Eastern Nations, •' -.o'.s. 4to (up-
wards of 1430 double column pages in good type), with upwards of Kwo illustrative Woodcutr
(pub. 21. 10i.), extra cloth, ll. s«. 1848

SGOTT'S (REV. THOMAS) COMMENTARY ON THE BIBLE, with the Author'.
last Corrections mid Improvements, and 84 beautiful Weodcut Illustrations and Maps. 3 vols.
Imperial Svo (pub. at 4/. 4j.), cloth, ll. 16». ,giO

SIMEON'S WORKS, including his Skeletons of Sermons and Horir Homiletirje, or Biscourso
ditreatcd into one contfmied Series, and forming a Commentary upon everv Rnok of tlie t)\d
»nd New Testament; to which are annexed an improve.! edition of Claude's Essay on the
Composition of a Senm.n, and very comprehensive Indexes, edited by the Rev. THOMAS
HAKTWILL HOKXE, 21 vols. Svo (i-ub. at lu/, lo». ), cloth, 71. 7*.

PUBLISHED OK SOLD BT II. G. BOHK. 25

Tlte following miniature edition} of Simcon'i papular icortM art uniformly printed in 3imo, ant

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HUMILIATION OF THE SON OF GOD: TWELVE SERMONS, 9d.
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DISCOURSES ON BEHALF OF THE JEWS, 1«. 6d.

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many recommended as a Biblical Commentary, well adapted to he read in families."— L^vmdei.

SMYTH'S (REV. DR.) EXPOSITION OF VARIOUS PASSAGES OF HOLY
SCRIPTURE, adapted to the Use of Families, for erery Day throughout the Year, 3 vols. Svo
(pun. at 1.'. 111. 6d. ), cloth, at. 1842

SOUTH'S (DR. ROBERT) SERMONS: to which are annexed the chief heads of the
Sermons, a Biographical Memoir, and General Index, 2 vols. royal 8vo (pub. at It. 4t.L
cloth, 18t. 1M4

STEBBING'S HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHRIST, from the Diet of Augsburg.
1630, to the present Century, 3 vols. Svo (pub. at II. ICt.), cloth, 12s. lta»

STURM'S MORNING COMMUNING WITH GOD, OR DEVOTIONAL

MEDITATION* FOK EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR, translated from the German. New
Edition, posit Svo, cloth, 21. 1847

TAYLOR'S MEREMY) COMPLETE WORKS, with an Essay, Biographical and Critical.
3 large vols. imperial Svo, Portrait (pub. at 3i. li». I, cloth, 32. 3>. 1836

TAYLOR'S (ISAAC OF ONGAR) NATURAL HISTORY OF ENTHUSIASM.
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" It is refreshing to us to meet with a work bearing, as this unquestionably does, the impress
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ness ; and yet it discusses topics constituting the very root and basis of those furious polemic*
which have shaken repeatedly the whole intellectual and moral world."— Atlientrum.

TAYLOR'S (ISAAC) FANATICISM. Third Edition, carefully revised. Fcap, Svo, doth, ti.

1843

" It is the reader's fault if he does not rise from the perusal of such a volume as the present
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TAYLORS (ISAAC) SATURDAY EVENING. Seventh Edition. Fcip. 8v0) cloth, St.

1844

'" Saturday Evening,' and 'Natural History of Enthusiasm,' arc two noble productions." —
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TAYLOR'S (ISAAC) ELEMENTS OF THOUGHT, or concise Explanations, alphabeti-
cally arrayed, of the principal Terms employed in the usual Branches of Intellectual Philo-
sophy. Ninth Edition, ll'mo, cloth, 4t. 1849

TAYLORS (ISAAC) ANCIENT CHRISTIANITY, AND THE DOCTRINES OF THE
OXFORD "TRACTS FOR THE TIMES." Fourth Edition, with a Supplement and
Indexes. 2 vols. Svo (pub. at 1(. 4t. ), cloth, 18J. 1844

TAYLORS (ISAAC) LECTURES ON SPIRITUAL CHRISTIANITY. 8vo (pub. at

4«. 6d.), cloth, 3». 1841

TOMLINES (BISHOP) ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY, Fourteenth
Edition, with additional Notes and Summary, by SXEBBING. 2 vols. Svo, cloth, lettered (pub.
atli. It.), lot. 6d.

"OMLINE'S (BISHOP) INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE BIBLE,

OR ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY. Containing Proofs of the Authenticity
»nd Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures; a Summary of the History of the Jews; an Account ot

New Testaments! Nineteenth Edition, elegantly printed on line paper. 12mo, (pub. at St. 6d.),
cloth. 3». 6d. 1844

" Well adapted as a manual for students in divinity, and may be read with advantage by the
most experienced divice." — .1/urtA'i Lecture*.

WADDINGTONS fDKAN OF DURHAM) HISTORY OF THE CHURCH,
FROM THE EARLIEST AGES TO THE REFORMATION. 3 vols. Svo (pub. at II. 10«.),

cloth boards, It. It.

WADDINGTONS (DEAN OF DURHAM) HISTORY OF THE CHURCH.
DURING THE REFORMATION. 3 vole. Svo (pub. at 11. 11>. W.), cloth boards, IKt. 1841

WILBERFORCE'S PRACTICAL VIEW OF CHRISTIANITY. With a comprehensive
Memoir of the Author, by the Rev. T. PRICK, 18mo. printed in a large handsome type (pub. at
U.1 gtt cli/t,., 2.«. fei. 1S4*

WILLMOTTS (R. A.I PICTURES OF CHRISTIAN LIFE. Fc»p. ITO (pub. at St.).
ctolb, 2«. Ou. Uatc/tard, U4I

26 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS

Uanuars anil

CLASSICS AND TRANSLATIONS. CLASSICAL CRITICISM, DICTION-
ARIES. GRAMMARS, COLLEGE ANU SCHOOL BOOKS.

ATLASES.-WILKINSON'S CLASSICAL AND SCRIPTURAL ATLAS, with Histo-
rical and Chronological Tables, imperial «o, New and Luproved Edition, 63 m.tj.a, coloured
(pub. at •>:. 4*.), half lioau.l morocco, U. Hi. M. 1842

WILKINSON'S GENERAL ATLAS. New and lmpro»ed Edition, with all the Railroad!
inserted. Population according to she last Census, Parliamentary Returns, me. impenal 4to,
4fi Maps, coloured (pub. at it. Ilia.), half bound morocco, \U 5*. 184J

AINSWORTH'S LATIN DICTIONARY, by Dr. JAMIKSOS, an enlarged Edition, contain-
ing all the words of the Uuarto Dictionary. Thick Svo, neatly bound (pub. at u*.), 3*. 1817

BENTLEY'S (RICHARD) WORKS. Containing Dissertations upon the Epistles of Pbalaris,
Themistocles, Socrates, Euripides, and the Fal.le» of vtsop ; Epistola ad Jo. Miiliiuu; Ser-
mons; Boyle I.ertni-e; Remarks on Free-thinking; Critical Works, &c. Edited, with copiom
Indices and Notes, by the Rev. ALEXANI.KR DICE. 8 vols. Svo; a beautifully printed Edition
(pub. at U. IS.. ). cloth, U. \». 1838-3*

BIBLIA HEBRAICA, EX EDITIONE VANDER HOOGHT. Recognovit J. D. ALLS-
MAxn. Very thick 8vo, handsomely printed (pub. at II. to.}, cloth, in*. CA Land. Duncan, 1859

BIOGRAPHIE UNIVERSELLE, Ancienne et Moderne. Nouvelle Edition, revue, corrirte et

auunientee par une Sneirtp .lc Gens de I.ettres et de Savants, 21 vols. imperial Svo (printed in
a compressed manner in double columns, but very clear type), sewed (pub. at mi. I'M. ). il. it.

tintselles, 1843-47

BOURNE'S (VINCENT) POETICAL WORKS, Latin and English, ismo (pub. at 3». W.).

Cloth, Z>. (x(. 1838

————— the same, large paper, an elegant volume, ISmo (pub. at St.), cloth, 3s. 6rf. 1838

CICERO'S LIFE, FAMILIAR LETTERS, AND LETTERS TO ATTICUS,

by M in u i. K VON, Mi. i. MOTH, and HSBERDEN, complete In one thick vol. royal Svo, portrait,
(pub. at I/. 4».), cloth, 12». 1818

CORPUS POETARUM LATINOFtUM. Edidit G. S. WALKER. Complete in 1 rery thick

vol. royal 8v,> (nub. at "21. •>>.), cloth, 18«.

This' comprehensive volume contains a library of the poetical Latin classics, correctly

printed from tha be»t texts, viz: —

Catullus, virjrii, Lucan, Sulpicia, Calpurniuf Sicului,

Tibullus, Ovid, Persius, Statins, Ausoniut,

Propertius, Horace, Juvenal Silius Italicus, Claudian.

Lucretius, Phiedrus, Martial, Valerius Flaccus,

DAMMII LEXICON GR/ECUM, HOMERICUM ET PINDARICUM. CuraDu-jrcAw,
royal 4to, New Edition, printed on fine paper (pub. at il. 5».(, cloth, \l. ]». 1841

•' An excellent work, the merits of which have been universally acknowledged by literary
characters."— Ur. DiLdin.

DEMOSTHENES, translated by LKLAXTI, the two Tols. 8»o, complete In 1 vol. 12mo, hand-
somely printed in double columns, in peari type, portrait (pub. at 5».), cloth, 3*.

DONNEGAN'S GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON, enlarged; with examples, literally
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fully revised, and materially improved throughout; tliick Svo (1732 pages) (pub. at 21. 2*.),
cloth, if. U. 1846

GAELIC-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-GAELIC DICTIONARY, with Example., Phrases,
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vol. 8vo. New Edition, containing many more words than the 4to Edition (pub. at U. !».),
cloth, 10*. 6il. \ttis

GRAGLIA'S ITALIAN-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-ITALIAN DICTIONARY, with a
compendious Italian Grammar and Supplementary Dictionary of Naval Terms, 181110, roan
(pub. at S».),4J. 6d. 1848

HERMANN'S MANUAL OF THE POLITICAL ANTIQUITIES OF GREECE,
Historically considered, translated trim the German, 8vo (pub. at 15*.), cloth, lin. 6d.

Oxford, Talboyi, 183*

"Hermann's Manual of Greek Antiquities ia most Important." — Thirlvuli'i Uitt. of Greece,
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HERODOTUS, GARY'S (REV. H.) GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON TO

HERODOTUS, adapted to the Text of Gaisford and Baehr, and all other Editions, Svo, cloti
(pub. at 12*.), 8*.

LEMPRIERE'S CLASSICAL DICTIONARY. Miniature Edition, contalm'ne a full Aec«aat
of all the Proper Names mentioned in Ancient Authors, and mucb useful information reipect-
Inft the uses and habits of the Greeks and Romans. New and complete Edition, elegantly
printed In pearl tyne, in 1 very thick vol. 18mo (pub. at 7*. 6d.}, cloth, 4s. W. 1M(

PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY II. G. BOHN. 27

LEE'S HEBREW GRAMMAR, compiled from the best Authorities, and principally from
Oriental Sources, designed for the use of Students in the Universities. New Edition, enriched
with much original matter. Sixth Thousand, Svo (pub. at 12*.), cloth, 85. Lund. Duncan, 1840

LEE'S HEBREW, CHALDEE, AND ENGLISH LEXICON. Compiled from the be.t
Authorities, Oriental and European, Jewish and Christian, including KUXTORF, TAYLOR,
PARKHURST, and GESEXIUS; containing all the Words, with their Inflections, Idiomaf.c
Usages, X-c. found in the Hebrew and Chaldee Text of the Old Testament; with numerous
corrections of former Lexicographers and Commentators, followed by an English Index, in 1
thick vol. Svo. Third Thousand (pub. at II. 5».), cloth, 15». London, 1844

LEVERETT'S LATIN-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-LATIN LEXICON, compiled from
FACCIOLATI and SCHELLER. Thick royal Svo (pub. at It. lit. 6d.), cloth, II. 3s. 18*7

LIVII HISTORIA, EX RECENSIONE DRAKENBORCHII ET KREYSSIG;

Et Annotationes CRF.VIEKII, STHOTHH, Ilfi'ERTi, et aliorum ; Animadversiones NlJCBVmui,
WACHSMUTIUI, et suas addidit TKAVKHS Tw iss, J. C. B. Coll. Univ. Oxon. Socius et Tutor.
Cum IndUe amplissimo, 4 vols. Svo (pub. at It. 18>.), cloth, II. 8». OrJ'ord, 1841

This is the best and most useful edition of Livy ever published In octavo, and it is preferred
In all our universities and classical schools.

LIVY. Edited by PREKDEVILLE. Livii Historiae libri quinque priores, with English Notes,
by PREKDEVILLE. New Edition, 12mo, neatly bound in roan, 5*. 1845

• the same, Books I to III, separately, cloth, 3». fid.

• the same, Books IV and V, cloth, 3i. 6d.

NEWMAN'S PRACTICAL SYSTEM OF RHETORIC; or, the Principles and Rules of
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NIEBUHR'S HISTORY OF ROME, epitomized (for the use of colleges and schools), with
Chronological Tables and Appendix, by TRAVHUS Twiss, B.C.D. complete in 2 vols. bound in

I, Svo (pub. at It. It.), cloth, 10j. 6il. ttr/brd, Talbayt, 1837
"This edition by Mr. Twiss is a very valuable addition to classical learning, clearly and ably

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OXFORD CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY, from the
earliest Period to the present Time; in which all the great Events, Civil, Religious, Scientific,
and Literary, ofthe various Nations of the World are placed, at one view, under the eye of the
Reader In a" Series of parallel columns, so as to exhibit the state of the whole Civilised World
at any epoch, and at the same time form a continuous chain of History, with GeHcatosical
Tables of all the principal Dynasties. Complete in 3 Sections; viz:— 1. Ancient History.

II. Middle Ages. III. Modern History. With a most complete Index to the eutke work,
folio (pub. at it. 15s.), half beund morocco, It. Is.

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PLUTARCH'S LIVES, by the LANOHORNES. Complete in 1 thick vol. 8vo (pub. at lit.),
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RAMSHORN'S DICTIONARY OF LATIN SYNONYMIES, for the Use of Schools and
Private Students, Translated and Edited by Dr. LIEBEIU Post Svo (pub. at 7s.), cloth, 4j. ('»(.

1841

HITTER'S HISTORY OF ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY, translated from the German, by
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General Index, cloth, lettered (pub. at 31. 4».), 21. 2s. Vtjord, 184S

The Fourth Volume may be ha:l separately. Cloth, 1C«

"An important work: it may lie saM ti. have superseded all the previous histories of philo-
sophy, and to have become the standard work on the subject, Jlr. Johnson U also exempt
from the usual faults of translators."— Quarterly Review.

SCHCMANN'S HISTORY OF THE ASSEMBLIES OF THE ATHENIANS,

translated from the Latin, with a complete Index, Svo (pub. at 10». 6d.)> cloth, Sj. Camb. 1S38
A book ofthe same school and character as the works of HECREX, BOECHK, SCHLEUEL, Sc.

ELLENDTS GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON TO SOPHOCLES, translated by
CARV. 8vo (pub. at 123.), cloth, GJ. 6d. Otjnrd, Tvlboyl, 1841

STUARTS HEBREW CHRESTOMATHY, desimedas an Introduction to a Course of

Hebrew Study. Third Edition, Svo (pub. at 14..), cloth, 9>. Ofl'ird. Talloys, 1834

This work, which uas designed by its learned author to facilitate the study of Hebrew, has

had a very extensive sale in America. It forms a desirable adjunct to all Hebrew Grammars,

TACITUS, CUM NOTIS BROTIERI, CURANTE A. J. VALPY. E ditto nora, cum
Aupeudice. 4 vols. Svo (pub. at 'U. 16*.), cloth, 1.. bs.

The most compl.-te Edition.

TACITUS, A NEW AND LITERAL TRANSl ATION. »TO (pub. at 16..), cloth, 10.. M.

0*fo*+- Taibayt, 18S»>

28 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS

TENNEMANN'S MANUAL OF THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, translated from
the German, by the Rev. ARTHUR JOHMIOX, M.A. P-ofessor of Anglo-Saxon in the University
of Oxford. In 1 thick closely printed vol. svo (pub. at Hi.), boards, 9«. Afford, Tat'joyii, 1832
"A work which marks out all the leading epochs in philosophy, and gives minute chronolo-
gical information concerning them, wi'h biographical notices of the founders and followers of
the principal schools, ample texts of their works, and an account of the principal editions. In
a word, to the student of philosophy, I know of no work in English likely to prove half so use-
ful."— lluywant, iti hit Tranilatum o/ Goethe' t Faust.

TERENTIUS, CUM NOTIS VARIORUM, CURA ZEUNII, cura GILES; acced. Index
copiosissimus. Complete in 1 thick vol. Svo (pub. at 1G».), cloth, 81. 1S37

TURNER'S (DAWSON W.) NOTES TO HERODOTUS, for the Use of Collega
Students. 8vo, cloth, 12t. 1847

VALPY'S GREEK TESTAMENT, WITH ENGLISH NOTES, accompanied hv parallel
passages from the Classics. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. Svo, with 2 maps (pUi. at 21.), cloth, H. b*.

1817

VIRGIL. EDWARDS'S SCHOOL EDITION. Vir^lli JEnois, cura EDWARDS, et auesti-
ones Virfrlliansc, "r Notes and Questions, adapted to the middle forms in Schools, 2 vols. in 1,
1-iino, bound in c.oth (pub. at fa. &/.), 3*.
*»* Either the Text or duestions may be had separately (pub. at 3». 6<i.), 2«. <jd.

WILSONS (JAMES, PROFESSOR OF FRENCH IN ST. GREGORY'S COLLEGE)

FRENCH-ENGLISH AND 1- NGLIS H-FRKNCH DICTIONARY, containing full Expla-
nation*, Definitions, Synonyms, Idioms, Proverbs, Terms of Art and Science, and Balm of
Pronunciation in each Language. Cor piled from the Dictionaries of the Academy, BCJWVEH,
CHAMBAUP, GARNER, LAVEAUX, DBS CARIUEKES aim BAIN, JOHNSON and WALKER. 1
large closely printed vol. imperial Svo (pub. at 21. 2».), cloth, II. 8*. 1841

XENOPHONTIS OPERA, GR. ET LAT. SCHNEIDERI ET ZEUNII, Accedit index
(PoRsox and ELMSLEY'S Edition), 10 vols. 12mo, handsomely printed in a large type, done up
in 5 vols. (pub. at M. Vis.), cloth, l&i. 1841

The same, large paper, 10 vols. crown Svo, done up in 5 vols. cloth, II. 5«.

XENOPHON'S WHOLE WORKS, translated by SPELMAX and others. The only compleU

Edition, 1 thick vol. Svo, portrait (pub. at las.), cloth, lot.

J^obels, 2J23orfts of Jptctt'on, Higfjt

AINSWORTH'S WINDSOR CASTLE. An Historical Romance, Illustrated by GEORGM
CHUIKSIIAXK and TONY JOHAXNOT. Medium Svo, line Portrait, and 105 Steel and Wood
Engravings, gilt, cloth, 5«. Ih43

BREMER'S (MISS) HOME: OR, FAMILY CARES AND FAMILY JOYS, translated by
M.MIY HinviTT. Second Edition, revised, 2 vols. post Svo (pub. at it. Is.), cloth, is. M. 1843

THE NEIGHBOURS, A STORY OF EVERY DAY LIFE. Translated by MART
Ho WITT. Third Edition, revised. 2 vols. post Svo (pub. at 18j.), cloth, 7». W. 1843

'.RUIKSHANK "AT HOME;" a New Family Album of Endless Entertainment, consisting
of a Series of Tales and Sketches by the most popular Authors, with numerous clever and
humorous Illustrations on Wood, bv CRUIKSHAXK and SEYMOUR. Also, CRUIKSHANK'S
ODD VOLUME, OR BOOK OF 'VARIETY. Illustrated by Two Odd Fellows— SEJ-MODB.
and CXUIKSHANK. Together 4 vols. bound in 2, fcap. Svo (pub. at 21. ISj.), cloth, gilt, 10*. fxl.

1845

HOWITTS (WILLIAM) LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF JACK OF THE MILL
A Fireside Story. By WILLIAM HOWITT. Second Edition. 2 vols. fcap. »vo, with 46 Illus-
trations on Wood (pub. at 15».), cloth, 7s. 6d. 1845

HOWITTS (WILLIAM) WANDERINGS OF A JOURNEYMAN TAILOR,
THROUGH EUROPE AND THE EAST, DURING THE YEARS 1824 to 184U. Trans-
lated by WILLIAM HOWITT. Fcap. Svo, with Portrait (pub. at CM, cloth, 3«. 6d. 1844

HOWITTS (WILLIAM) GERMAN EXPERIENCES. Addressed to the English, both
Goers abroad and Stayers at Home. 1 vol. fcap. svo (pub. at 61.), cloth, 3*. M. 1844

JANE'S (EMMA) ALICE CUNNINGHAME, or, the Christian a« Daughter, Sister, Friend,
and Wife. Post Svo (pub. at aj.), cloth, 2s. 6d. 1846

JOE MILLER'S JEST-BOOK; being a Collection of the most excellent Bon Mots, Brilliant
Jests, and Striking Anecdotes in the Enzli-h Languatre. Complete in 1 thick and closely hut
elegantly printed vol. fcap. Umo, Fro»tupiece (pub. at 4».), cloth, 3». 1840

JERROLD'S (DOUGLAS) CAKES AND ALE, A Collection of homoroui Tal« and
Skdchei. 9 voli. poit 8vo with Plates, ».• QEOKGB CHUIKSUAKK (pub. at 15i.), cloth

gilt, «.. ua

PUBLISHED OR SOLD BT H. G/BOHN. 29

LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS, an Historical Narrative, Illustrating Use Public Event*,
and Domestic and Ecclesiastical Manners of the 15th and 16th Centuries. Ft*p. 8»o, Third
Edition (pub. at 7». 6rf.(, cloth, 3j. fid. 1838

LEVER'S ARTHUR OLEARY; HIS WANDERINGS AND PONDERlNGS IN

MANY LANDS. Edited liy HARRY LORRF.«UER. CRUIKSHANK'S New Illustrated Edition.
Complete in 1 vol. Svo (pub. at 12s.), cloth, 9«. 1S48

IOVERS LEGENDS AND STORIES OF IRELAND. Both Series. 2 rols. reap. 8vo,
Fourth Edition, embellished with Woodcuts, by HARVEY (pub. at 1S».), cloth, 0». 6d, 1847

LOVER'S HANDY ANDY. A TaJe of Irish Life. Medium 8vo. Third Edition, with ?4
characteristic Illustrations on Steel (pub. at lit.), cloth, 7». 6d. 1849

LOVER'S TREASURE TROVE; OR L. S. D. A Romantic Irish Tale of the last Cen-
tury. Medium Svo. Second Edition, with 26 characteristic Illustrationi on Steel (pub. at 14».)i
cloth, 9s. 184«

MARRYAT'S (CAPT.) POOR JACK, Illustrated by 46 large and exquisitely beautiful
Engravings on Wood, after the masterly designs of CLARKSON STANFIKLD, R.A. 1 handsome
vol. royal Svo (pub. at 14».), gilt cloth, 9». 1850

MARRYATS PIRATE. AND THE THREE CUTTERS, 8vo, with 20 most splendid line
Engravings, after STANFIELU, Engraved on Steel by CHARLES HEATH (originally pub. at
II. tt.), gilt cloth, 10».6c(. 1849

MILLERS GODFREY MALVERN, OR THE LIFE OF AN AUTHOR. Bytbe

Author of "Gideon Giles," " Royston Cower," "Day in the Woods," Sic. Sic. 3 vols In 1,
Svo, with 24 clever Illustrations by PHIZ (put), at 13j.), cloth, 6s. 6d. -843

"This work has a tone and an individuality which distinguish it from all others, and cannot
he read without pleasure. Mr. Miller has the forms and colours of rustic life more completely
under his control than any ofhis predecessors."— ALhmamm.

MITFORD'S (MISS) OUR VILLAGE; complete in 2 vols. post Svo, a Series of Rural Talei
and Sketches. New Edition, beautiful Woodcuts, gilt cloth, lot.

PHANTASMAGORIA OF FUN. Edited and Illustrated by ALFRED CROWQUILL. 2 vol«.
post Svo, illustrations by LEECH, CRUIKSHAXK, &c. (pub. at 18».), cloth, 7«. 6d. 1843

PICTURES OF THE FRENCH. A Series of Literary and Graphic Delineations of French
Character. By JULES JANIX, BALZAC, CORMENIN, and other celebrated French Authors.
1 large vol. royal Svo, Illustrated by upwards of 230 humorous and extremely clever Wood

" Engravings by distinguished Artists "(pub. at 1(. 5».), cloth gilt, io». 1840

This book is extremely clever, both in the letter-press and plates, and has had an immense
run in France, greater even than the Pickwick Papers in this country.

POOLES COMIC SKETCH BOOK; OR, SKETCHES AND RECOLLECTIONS

BY THE AUTHOR OF PAUL PRY. Second Edition, 2 vols., post »vo., fine portrait,
cloth gilt, with new comic ornaments (pub. at 18».), 7». 6d. 1843

SKETCHES FROM FLEMISH LIFE. By HENDRIK CONSCIENCE. Square I2mo, 130 Wood
Engravings (pub. at r«.), cloth, 4.i. 6d.

TROLLOPU'S (MRS.) LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF MICHAEL ARMSTRONG,

THE FACTORY BOY, medium Svo, with 21 Steel Piates (pub. at 12*. ), gilt cloth, Ci. 6<1. 1*40

TROLLOPE'S (MRS.) JESSIE PHILLIPS. A Tale of the Present Day, medium Svo, port,
and 12 Steel Plates (pub. at 12s.), cloth gilt, fo. Gd. 1814

UNIVERSAL SONGSTER, Illustrated by CRUIKSHAKK, being the largest collection of the
best Songs in the English language (upwards of 5,000), 3 vols. Svo, with 87 humorous. En-
gravings <m Steel and Wood, bv GEOKUE CRUIKSFIAML, cuid S medallion Portraits (pub. at
II. Id.), clotli, 13». 6d.

*3|ubenfle anU ISIcmentnrn 23oofcs, diiimnnstfcs, Src.

ALPHABET OF QUADRUPEDS, Illustrated by Figures selected from the works of the
Old Masters, square 12mo, with 24 spirited Engravings after BKROHEM, KF..MBRAXDT, Cuyp,
PAUL POTTER, &c. and with initial letters by Mr. SHAW, cloth, gilt edges (pub. at 4». (ft.), 3*.

ISM

the same, the plates colou*d, gilt cloth, gilt edges (pub. at 7». 6e(.) 5*.

CRABB'S (REV. G.) NEW PANTHEON, or Mythology of all Nations; especially for the
Use of Schools and Young Persons; with Questions for Examinatiou on the Plan of PINNOCK.
IRmo, with 30 pleasing lithographs (pub. at 3>.), cloth, 2». 1S47

CROWQUILL'S PICTORIAL GRAMMAR. 16m«, with ISO humorous Illustrations (pub.

at 5.!.), clotli, gilt edges, 2s. 6d. 1844

DRAPER'S JUVENILE NATURALIST, or Country Walks In Spring, Summer, Autumn,.
anrf Winter, square iimo, with 80 beautifully executed Woodcuts (pub. at /«. 6d.), cloth, gilt >
edges, 4.-. M. 18<s

ENCYCLOP/EDIA OF MANNERS AND ETIQUETTE, comprising an Improved edition
of Chesterfield's Advice to his Son on Men and Manners: and the Young Man's own.Book; »•
Manual of Politeness, Intellectual Improvement, cod Moral Deportment, 24mo, IrontUpiece,.
cloth, gilt edges, 2>. 1144*

30 CATALOGUE OF WEW BOOKS

EQUESTRIAN MANUAL FOR LADIES, by FJI«XT HOWARD. Fc»p. 8vo, apwarJi of 5*
oeautiful Woodcuts (pub. at 4».), gilt cloth, gilt edges, 2«. t>a. 1844

GAMMER GRETHEL'S FAIRY TALES AND POPULAR STORIES, translated from
the German of GRIMM (containing 42 Fairy Tales), post 8vo, numerous Woodcuts by GEORG»
CRUIKSHANK (pub. at 7>. 64.), cloth gilt is j8<8

GOOD-NATURED BEAR, a Story for Chtiuren of all Aces, by R. H. HOKVE. Square 8vo
plates (pub. at St.) cloth, 3s., or with the p.atts coloured, 4i. Igjg

GRIMM'S TALES FROM EASTERN LANDS. Square I2mo, plates (puh. at 5*.), cloth.
3». t>d., or plates coloured, 4«. 6d. 1847

HALL'S (CAPTAIN BASIL) PATCHWORK, a New Series of Fragments of Voyages and
Travels, Second Edition, 12mo, cloth, with the back very richly and appropriately Kilt with
patchwork devices (pub. at 13«.), 7«. 6A 1841

HOLIDAY LIBRARY, Edited by WILLIAM HAZLITT. Uniformly printed in 3 vols. plate*
(pub. at l'J«. 6d.), cloth, 10s. W., or separately, vir:— Orpliau of" Waterloo, 3». W. Holly
Grange, 3s. Od. Legends of Rubezahl, and Fairy Tales, 3«. 6d. 1845

HOWITTS (WILLIAM) JACK OF THE MILL. 2 vols. I2mo (pub. at 15s.), cloth gilt,

7s. 6fL ]S44

HOWITTS (MARY) CHILD'S PICTURE AND VERSE BOOK, commonly called
"Otto Speckter's Fable Book;" translated into English Verse, with Frenct and German
Verses opposite, forming a Trfclott, square 12mo, with 100 large Wood Engravings (pub. at
1C». Brf. ), extra Turkey cloth, gilt edstes, 5s. 184S

This is one of the most elegant juvenile books ever produced, and has the novelty of being in
three languages.

LAMB'S TALES FROM SHAKSPEARE, desitmed principally for the use of Young Persons
(written hy Miss and CHARLES LAMB), Sixth Edition, embellished with 2<> large and beautiful
Woodcut Engravings, from designs by HARVEY, fcap. 8vo (pub. at 7s. M.), cloth gilt, 5». 1843
"One of the most useful and agreeable companions to the understanding of Shakspeare which
have been produced. The youthful reader who is about to taste the charms of our great Bard,
is strongly recommended to prepare himself by first reading these elegant tales."— Quarterly
Kfvieiv.

L. E. L. TRAITS AND TRIALS OF EARLY LIFE. A Series of Tales addressed to
Young People. By L. E. L. (Miss LANDOK). Fourth Edition, fcap. 8vo, with a beautiful
Portrait Engraved on Steel (pub. at 5s.), gilt cloth, 3s. 184S

LOUDONS (MRS.) ENTERTAINING NATURALIST, being popular Descriptions,

Tales and Anecdotes of more than 500 Animals, comprehending all the Quadrupeds, Birds,
yishes. Reptiles, Insects, Sic. of which a knowledge is indispensable in Polite Education:
Illustrated by upwards of 500 beautiful Woodcuts, by BEWICK, HARVEY, WHIMPER, and
others, post s'vu, gilt cloth, 7». 6d . 1850

MARTIN AND WESTALL'S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE BIBLE, the letter-
press by the Rev. HOHAHT CAUXTHR, 8vo, 144 extremely beautiful Wood Engravings by the
lirst Artists (including reduced copies of MARTIN'S celebrated Pictures, Belshazzar's Feast,
The Deluse, Fall of Nineveh, £c.), cloth gilt, gilt edges, reduced to I2t. Whole bound mor.
richly gilt, gilt edges, 18.!. 1846

A most elegant present to young people.

PARLEY'S (PETER) WONDERS OF HISTORY. Square ICmo, numeroui Woodcuts
(pub. at 63.), cloth, gilt edges, 3s. M. 1846

PERCY TALES OF THE KINGS OF ENGLAND; Stories of Camps and Battle-Flelds,
Wars, anil Victories (modernized from HOLIXSHED, FROISSART, and the other Chroniclers),
2 vols. in 1. square li'mo. (Parley size.) Fourth Edition, considerably improved, completed
to the preter.t time, embellished with 16 exceedingly beautiful Wood Engravings (pub. at 9s.),
cloth tilt, jrilt ediies, Sj. 1850

ITiis beautiful volume has enjoyed a large share of success, and deservedly.

ROBIN HOOD AND HIS MERRY FORESTERS. By STEPHEN PERCY. Square 12rno,
8 Illustrations hy GILBERT (pub. at Si.), cloth, 3j. 6ti., or with coloured Plates, 5s. 1850

STRICKLAND'S (MISS JANE) EDWARD EVELYN, aTaleofthe Roh^liion ofms; to
which is added "The Peasant's Tale," by JBFFERYS TAYLOR, fcap. 8vo. 2 fine Plates (pub. at
S«.) cloth gilt, 2«. 6d. 1849

TOMKIN'S BEAUTIES OF ENGLISH POETRY, selected for the Use of Youth, and
d'sicnt-d to Inculcate the Practice of Virtue. Twentieth Ed.tiun, with coiMidenM* additions,
roi-al l.vrno, very elegantly printed, with a beautiful Frontispiece after HAKVEY, elegant gilt
ed'ses, 3j. 6d. 1847

WOOD-NOTES FOR ALL SEASONS (OR THE POETRY OF BIRDS), a Series of
fcongs and Poems for Yiung People, contributed hy BARRY CORNWALL, WORDSWORTH,.
MOORE, COLERIDGE, C/.MPUELL, JOANNA BAILLIE, ELIZA COOK, MAUV HOWITT, MRS.
HEMANS, HOGG, CHARLOTTE SMITH, &c. fcap. 8vo, very prettily printed, with 15 beautiful
•Wood Engravings (pub. at 3j. 6d.), cloth, gilt edges, 2i. 18«

YOUTH'S (THE) HANDBOOK OF ENTERTAINING KNOWLEDGE, in a Series of

Familiar Conversations on the most interestini.' productions of Naturr anil Art, ar,d on other
Instructive Topics of Polite Education. By a Lady (Jlns. I'ALLISER, the bister of Captain
MARRYAT), i vols. fcap. 8vo, Woodcuts (pub. at }M'.), cl.itli cilt, 6«. 1844

This is a very clever and instructive book, adapted to tin capacities of you Jg people, on th«
plan of the Conversations on Chemistry, Mineralogy, Boiaij-, Sir.

PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY H. G. BOHN. 31

Jllusfc anU Jftustcal

THE MUSICAL LIBRARY. A Selection of the best Vocal and Instrumental Music, both
English and Foreign. Edited by W. AYRTOS, Esq. of the Opera' House. 8 voli. folio, com-
prehending m(.re than 400 pieces of Music, beautifully printed with metallic types (pub. at
«. 4.1.}, sewed, 1(. 11.-. «./.
The Vocal and Instrumental may be had separately, each In 4 Tols. 16».

MUSICAL CABINET AND HARMONIST. A Collection of Classical and Popular Vocal
and Instrumental M isic : comprising Selections from the best productions of all the Great
Masters; Enzlish, Scotch, and Irish Melodies; with many of the National Airs of other
Countries, embracing Overtures, Marches, Rondos, Quadrilles, Waltzes, and Gallopades; also
Madrigals, Duets, and Glees; the whole adapted either for the Voice, the Piano-forte, the
Harp, or the Oruan; with Pieces occasionally for the Flute and Guitar, under the superin-
tendence of an eminent Professor. 4 vols. small folio, comprehending more than 300 pieces of
Music, tieautitully printed with metallic types (pub. at 21. 2s.), sewed, 16s.
The ereat sale of the Musical Library, In consequence of its extremely low price, has induced

a, e quite different from the Musical Library, and the intrinsic merit of the selection is equal,
the voile will no doubt meet with similar success.

MUSICAL GEM; a Collection of SOO Modern Sonirs. Duets, Glees, fcc. by the most celebrated
Composers of the present day, adapted for the Voice. Flute, or Violin (edited by Jons PARRY),
3 vols. In I, 8vo, with a beautifully engraved Title, and a very richly Illuminated Frontispiece
(pub. at U. !«.), cloth gilt, K>«. 6<i. 1841

The above capital collection contains a (treat number of the beat copyright pieces. Including
•ome c.f the most popular songs of Braham, Bishop, &c. It forms a most attractive volume.

. gburgerj), Snatomp, <$fjemf*ttg,

BARTON AND CASTLE'S BRITISH FLORA MED1CA; Or, IHstory of the Medlcfcal
Plants of Great liriutn, 2 vols. 8»u, upwards of 200 finely coloured figures of Plants (pub. at
Sf.li.), cloth. M. 16*. 1845

An exceedingly cheap, elegant, and valuable work, necessary to every medical practitioner.

BATEMAN AND WILLAN'S DELINEATIONS OF CUTANEOUS DISEASES.
4to, con'alninu 72 Plates, beautifully and very accurately coloured under the superintendence
of an eminent professional Gentleman (Dr. CARSWEIX), (pub. at 12J. 12«.), half hound mor.
U. Si. I»40

" Dr. liateman's valuable work has done more to extend the knowledge of cutaneous diseases
than any other that has ever appeared."—/^. A. '[. Thompion.

BEHR'S HAND-BOOK OF ANATOMY, by BJRKETT (Demonstrator »t Guy's Hospital),
thick 12mo. closely printed, cloth letteied (pub. at lOi. W.), 3t. 6i/. 1846

BOSTOCK'S (DR.) SYSTEM OF PHYSIOLOGY, comprising a Complete View of the
present sute of the Science. 4th Edition, revised and corrected throughout, 8vo (900 pages),
(puh. at It.}, cloth, Si. 1834

BURNS'S PRINCIPLES OF MIDWIFERY, tenth and beat edition, thick ivo, cloth lettered,
(pub. at IBs. |, j«.

CELSUS DE MEDICINA. Edited bv E. MILLIOAIC, M.D. cum Indict copfewlislmo ex edit.
Taru-se. Thick 8vo, Frontispiece (pub. at 16».), cloth, 9«. 1831

This Is the very best edition of Celsus. It contains critical and medical notes, applicable to
the practice of tliis covmtry; a parallel Table of ancient and modern Medical terms, synonymes,
weights, measures, Sic. and, indeed, everything which can be useful to the Medical Student;
together with a singularly extensive Index.

HOPES MORBID ANATOMY, royal 8vo, with 48 highly finished coloured Plates, contain-
ing 260 accurate Delineations of Cases In every known \uiety of Disease (pub. at «.;«.),
cl.th, 31. 3*. 1834

LAWRENCES LECTURES ON COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY,
ZOOLOGY, AND THE KATUHAL HISTOHY OF MAN. New Edition, post 8vo, with a
FrontUpiece oi Portraits, engraved on Steel, and 12 Plates, cloth, i*.

LAWRENCE (W.) ON THE DISEASES OF THE EYE. Third Edition, wised and
enlarged. 8vo (820 closely printed pages), (pub. at It. W.), cloth, 10«. W. 1*44

LEY'S (DR.) ESSAY ON THE CROUP, Svo, s Plates (pub. »t lit.), cloth, s*. id. 183«
UFE OF SIR ASTLEY COOPER, Interspersed with Ms Sketches of Distinguished Cha-
racters, by BRAXSBT COOPER. 2 vols. Svo, wlfh fine Portrait, after Sir TLomaa Lawrence
(pub. at \l. !>.). cloth, liu. M. 184*

NEW LONDON SURGICAL POCKET-BOOK thick royal ismc (pub. at 12..), hf. bd. t-

32 CATALOGUE OF NEAT BOOKS.

NEW LONDON CHEMICAL POCKET-BOOK; adapted to the Daily use o.' the Student,
roya! isnio, numerous Woodcuts (puk. at 7s. Ci/.), hf. hd. 3j. Cd. 1S44

NEW LONDON MEDICAL POCKET-BOOK, including Pharmacy, Posolo<ry, &c. rsyal
18mo (put., at Us.}, hf. bd. Jj. Cc/. 1844

PARIS' (Dri.), TREATISE ON DIET AND THE DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONS,
5th edition (put). 12J.), cloth, 5».

PLUMBE'S PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASE OF THE SKIN.

Fourth edition, Plates, thick 8vo (pub. at II. lj.), cloth, 6s. 6d.

SINCLAIR'S iSIR JOHN) CODE OF HEALTH AND LONGEVITY: sixth Edition,
complete in 1 thick vol. 8vo, Portrait (pub. at II.), cloth, ?j. 1844

SOUTH'S DESCRIPTION OF THE BONES, together with their several connexion,
with each other, and with the Muscles, specially adapted for Students ill Anatomy, uumerouj
Woodcuts, third edition, 12mo, cloth lettered (pub. at 7«.), 3». 6d. 1837

STEPHENSON'S MEDICAL ZOOLOGY AND MINERALOGY; includes also sn
account of the Animal and Mineral Poisons, 45 coloured Plates, royal »" ' >ub. at 21. 2i.),
cloth, II. \i. 1838

TYRRELL ON THE DISEASES OF THE EYE, being a Practical Vnrk on their Treat-
ment, Me, iioilly, Topically, and by Operation, by F. TYRRELL, Senior Surgeon to the Koval
London Ophthalmic Hospital. 2 thick vols. 8vo," illustrated by 9 Plates, containing upwards of
60 finely coloured figures (pul.. at I/. 16».), cloth, It. U. 1840

WOODVILLE'S MEDICAL BOTANY. Third Edition, enlarged by Sir W. JACKSOS
HOOKKK. i vols. 4to. with 310 Plates, Engraved bv SOWKIUIY, most carefully coloured (pub.
at 10*. lo».), half bound morocco, bl. 5s. The Fifth, or Supplementary Volume, entirely by Sir
W. J. HOOKKR, to complete the old Editions. 4to, 3li coloured Plates (pub. at 2/. liw. td.\,
boards, U. 11*. dd. 1W2

Jtlntljcmntics.

BRADLEY'S GEOMETRY, PERSPECTIVE, AND PROJECTION, for th* a« of

Artists. 8 Plates and numerous Woodcuts (nub. at 7*.), cloth, ij. 1846

EUCLID'S SIX ELEMENTARY BOOKS, by Dr. LARDNER, with an Explanatory Com-

mentary, Geometrical Exercises, and a Treatise on Solid Geometry, 8vo, Ninth Edition,

cloth, fii.
EUCLID IN PARAGRAPHS: The Elements of EuclU, containing the first Six Books, and

the first Twenty- «ie Propositions of the Eleventh Book, 12mo, with the Planes chad*!, (pub.

at 6». ) , cloth, 3J. 6d. i'amb. 1845

JAMIESON'S MECHANICS FOR PRACTICAL MEN, including Treatises on the Com-

position and Resolution of Forces; the Centre of Gravity; and the Mechanical Powers; illus-

trated by Examples and Designs. Fourth Edition, greatly improved, Svo (pub. at 15J. ),

cloth, 7.'."Cc(. 1860

"A great m«*lianical treasure." — Cr. Bir/cbtclc.

BOOKS PRINTED UNIFORM WITH THE STANDARD LIBRARY.

JOYCE'S SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUES,, enlarged by PIKNOCX, for the Instruction and
Entertainment or Young People. New and greatly improved and enlarge.! Edition, by
WILLIAM PINSOCK, completed to the present state of knowledge (GUO pages), numerous
Wood»-^ts, 5i.

STURM'S MORNING COMMUNINGS WITH GOD, or Devotional Maditatioms for
every Day in the Year, 5». I84'

CHILLINGWORTH'S RELIGION OF PROTESTANTS. 5copp.3j.sJ.
GARY'S TRANSLATION OF DANTE. (Upwards of COO pages), extra blue cloth, with i
chly gilt hack, 1:. Cd.

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MAXWELL'S VICTORIES OF THE BRITISH ARMIES, enlarged and improved, anrt

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